Six-year-old Yunosuke and four-year-old Koujirou can be seen training on the Swedish and Serbian legends in a viral video.

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The redetermination of the crystal structure of barium oxidotellurate(IV) monohydrate allowed the localization of the hydrogen atoms that were not determined in the previous study [Nielsen, Hazell & Rasmussen (1971). Acta Chem. Scand. 25, 3037–3042], thus making an unambiguous assignment of the hydrogen-bonding scheme possible. The crystal structure shows a layered arrangement parallel to (001), consisting of edge-sharing [BaO6(H2O)] polyhedra and flanked by isolated [TeO3] trigonal pyramids on the top and bottom. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds of medium strength link adjacent layers along [001].

6-Methyluracil, C5H6N2O2, exists in two crystalline phases: form (I), monoclinic, space group P21/c [Reck et al. (1988). Acta Cryst. A44, 417–421] and form (II), monoclinic, space group C2/c [Leonidov et al. (1993). Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 67, 2220–2223]. The structure of polymorph (II) has been redetermined providing a significant increase in the precision of the derived geometric parameters. In the crystal, mol­ecules form ribbons approximately running parallel to the c-axis direction through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The radical differences observed between the crystal packing of the two polymorphs may be responsible in form (II) for an increase in the contribution of the polar canonical forms C—(O−)=N—H+ relative to the neutral canonical form C(=O)—N—H induced by hydrogen-bonding inter­actions.

Single crystals of rubidium tetra­fluorido­bromate(III), RbBrF4, were grown by melting and recrystallizing RbBrF4 from its melt. This is the first determination of the crystal structure of RbBrF4 using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. We confirmed that the structure contains square-planar [BrF4]− anions and rubidium cations that are coordinated by F atoms in a square-anti­prismatic manner. The compound crystallizes in the KBrF4 structure type. Atomic coordinates and bond lengths and angles were determined with higher precision than in a previous report based on powder X-ray diffraction data [Ivlev et al. (2015). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 641, 2593–2598].

Caesium tetra­fluorido­bromate(III), CsBrF4, was crystallized in form of small blocks by melting and recrystallization. The crystal structure of CsBrF4 was redetermined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. In comparison with a previous study based on powder X-ray diffraction data [Ivlev et al. (2013). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 639, 2846–2850], bond lengths and angles were determined with higher precision, and all atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters. It was confirmed that the structure of CsBrF4 contains two square-planar [BrF4]− anions each with point group symmetry mmm, and a caesium cation (site symmetry mm2) that is coordinated by twelve fluorine atoms, forming an anti­cubocta­hedron. CsBrF4 is isotypic with CsAuF4.

The crystal structure of (NH4)2V3O8 has been reported twice using single-crystal X-ray data [Theobald et al. (1984). J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 45, 581–587; Range et al. (1988). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 43, 309–317]. In both cases, the orientation of the ammonium cation in the asymmetric unit was poorly defined: in Theobald's study, the shape and dimensions were constrained for NH4+, while in Range's study, H atoms were not included. In the present study, we collected a highly redundant data set for this ternary oxide, at 0.61 Å resolution, using Ag Kα radiation. These accurate data reveal that the NH4+ cation is disordered by rotation around a non-crystallographic axis. The rotation axis coincides with one N—H bond lying in the mirror m symmetry element of space-group type P4bm, and the remaining H sites were modelled over two disordered positions, with equal occupancy. It therefore follows that the NH4+ cations filling the space available in the (001) layered structure formed by (V3O8)2– ions do not form strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the mixed-valent oxidovanadate(IV,V) anions. This feature could have consequences for the Li-ion inter­calation properties of this material, which is used as a cathode for supercapacitors.

The structure of zymonic acid (systematic name: 4-hy­droxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-di­hydro­furan-2-carb­oxy­lic acid), C6H6O5, which had previously eluded crystallographic determination, is presented here for the first time. It forms by intra­molecular condensation of parapyruvic acid, which is the product of aldol condensation of pyruvic acid. A redetermination of the crystal structure of pyruvic acid (systematic name: 2-oxo­propanoic acid), C3H4O3, at low temperature (90 K) and with increased precision, is also presented [for the previous structure, see: Harata et al. (1977). Acta Cryst. B33, 210–212]. In zymonic acid, the hy­droxy­lactone ring is close to planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0108 Å) and the dihedral angle between the ring and the plane formed by the bonds of the methyl and carb­oxy­lic acid carbon atoms to the ring is 88.68 (7)°. The torsion angle of the carb­oxy­lic acid group relative to the ring is 12.04 (16)°. The pyruvic acid mol­ecule is almost planar, having a dihedral angle between the carb­oxy­lic acid and methyl-ketone groups of 3.95 (6)°. Inter­molecular inter­actions in both crystal structures are dominated by hydrogen bonding. The common R22(8) hydrogen-bonding motif links carb­oxy­lic acid groups on adjacent mol­ecules in both structures. In zymonic acid, this results in dimers about a crystallographic twofold of space group C2/c, which forces the carb­oxy­lic acid group to be disordered exactly 50:50, which scrambles the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups and gives an apparent equalization of the C—O bond lengths [1.2568 (16) and 1.2602 (16) Å]. The other hydrogen bonds in zymonic acid (O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O), link mol­ecules across a 21-screw axis, and generate an R22(9) motif. These hydrogen-bonding inter­actions propagate to form extended pleated sheets in the ab plane. Stacking of these zigzag sheets along c involves only van der Waals contacts. In pyruvic acid, inversion-related mol­ecules are linked into R22(8) dimers, with van der Waals inter­actions between dimers as the only other inter­molecular contacts.

The structure of the title compound (systematic name: N-{[(2-hy­droxy­phen­yl)methyl­idene]amino}­morpholine-4-carbo­thio­amide), C12H15N3O2S, was prev­iously determined (Koo et al., 1977) using multiple-film equi-inclination Weissenberg data, but has been redetermined with higher precision to explore its conformation and the hydrogen-bonding patterns and supra­molecular inter­actions. The mol­ecular structure shows intra­molecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯S inter­actions. The configuration of the C=N bond is E. The mol­ecule is slightly twisted about the central N—N bond. The best planes through the phenyl ring and the morpholino ring make an angle of 43.44 (17)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are connected into chains by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which combine to generate sheets lying parallel to (002). The most prominent contribution to the surface contacts are H⋯H contacts (51.6%), as concluded from a Hirshfeld surface analysis.

After crystallization during ionothermal syntheses in phospho­nium-containing ionic liquids, the structure of (NH4)3Al2(PO4)3 [tri­ammonium dialuminum tris­(phosphate)] was refined on the basis of powder X-ray diffraction data from a synchrotron source. (NH4)3Al2(PO4)3 is a member of the structural family with formula A3Al2(PO4)3, where A is a group 1 element, and of which the NH4, K, and Rb forms were previously known. The NH4 form is isostructural with the K form, and was previously solved from single-crystal X-ray data when the material (SIZ-2) crystallized from a choline-containing eutectic mixture [Cooper et al. (2004). Nature, 430, 1012–1017]. Our independent refinement incorporates NH4 groups and shows that these NH4 groups are hydrogen bonded to framework O atoms present in rings containing 12 T sites in a channel along the c-axis direction. We describe structural details of (NH4)3Al2(PO4)3 and discuss differences with respect to isostructural forms.

The crystal structures of praseodymium silicide (5/4), Pr5Si4, and neodymium silicide (5/4), Nd5Si4, were redetermined using high-quality single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The previous structure reports of Pr5Si4 were only based on powder X-ray diffraction data [Smith et al. (1967). Acta Cryst. 22 940–943; Yang et al. (2002b). J. Alloys Compd. 339, 189–194; Yang et al., (2003). J. Alloys Compd. 263, 146–153]. On the other hand, the structure of Nd5Si4 has been determined from powder data [neutron; Cadogan et al., (2002). J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 14, 7191–7200] and X-ray [Smith et al. (1967). Acta Cryst. 22 940–943; Yang et al. (2002b). J. Alloys Compd. 339, 189–194; Yang et al., (2003). J. Alloys Compd. 263, 146–153] and single-crystal data with isotropic atomic displacement parameters [Roger et al., (2006). J. Alloys Compd. 415, 73–84]. In addition, the anisotropic atomic displacement parameters for all atomic sites have been determined for the first time. These compounds are confirmed to have the tetra­gonal Zr5Si4-type structure (space group: P41212), as reported previously (Smith et al., 1967). The structure is built up by distorted body-centered cubes consisting of Pr(Nd) atoms, which are linked to each other by edge-sharing to form a three-dimensional framework. This framework delimits zigzag channels in which the silicon dimers are situated.

The redetermined structure [for the previous study, see: Godfrey & Waters (1975). Cryst. Struct. Commun. 4, 5–8] of ammonium μ-oxido-μ-[1,5,6-tri­hydroxy­hexane-2,3,4-tris­(olato)]bis­[dioxidomolybdenum(V)] monohydrate, NH4[Mo2(C6H11O6)O5]·H2O, was obtained from an attempt to prepare a glutamic acid complex from the [Co2Mo10H4O38]6− anion. Subsequent study indicated the complex arose from a substantial impurity of mannitol in the glutamic acid sample used. All hydrogen atoms have been located in the present study and the packing displays N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was also performed.

This paper reports an Fe-added Y2O3 crucible which is capable of balancing the solution spontaneously and is employed to effectively enhance the homogeneity of YBa2(Cu1−xFex)3O7−δ single crystals.

A new ZnII metallocryptand is presented, with an unprecedented diflexure helix.

A new study of marmosets, small South American monkeys, indicates that obesity may begin very early in life and suggests that marmosets may be a helpful model for obesity in humans.

The post Is obesity predestined at infancy? Marmoset study may help scientists find out. appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

Today the Smithsonian launches its Transcription Center website to the public. The website is designed to leverage the power of crowds to help the Smithsonian […]

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Before iPhones and laptops there were human computers, some of whom worked at the Harvard College Observatory. Women like Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Williamina Fleming, and […]

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The partial federal government shutdown is one week old, but economists are still saying that its impact in Southern California and elsewhere will be limited.

Susanne Whatley: Business analyst Mark Lacter, why is that?

Mark Lacter: If you look back on the history of these things, Susanne, you see that the disputes are resolved before too much damage gets done.  As for Southern California, I notice that KPCC's Alice Walton was asking around over the weekend about the shutdown, and most folks gave it a shrug.  The regional economy is just too diversified - and not especially tied to federal employment.  You have about 46,000 federal workers employed in L.A. County in one capacity or another - that's out of a workforce of nearly 5 million.  And, now it appears as if the federal employees who have been furloughed are going to receive their back wages whenever the shutdown finally ends.

Whatley: That still might make things dicey when it comes time to pay the monthly mortgage...

Lacter: ...but at least money will be available before most folks run into serious liquidity issues.  That's what the shutdown really comes down to - inconvenience rather than dislocation.  And, you see this with the various government services affected: the E-Verify website is down - that lets business owners know whether the people they're wanting to hire can work legally in the U.S., which obviously is important.  The Small Business Administration has stopped processing loan applications, and the Federal Housing Administration is reporting delays in its loan processing, which could mean a home buyer might not complete his or her paperwork all that quickly.

Whatley: But, what if this were to go on for months?

Lacter: Well, then it would create problems, but nobody really thinks that's going to happen.  The real issue, not just nationally and regionally - but globally - is the refusal by Congress to raise the debt ceiling.  The deadline is a week from Thursday, and - of course - there's been all sorts of debate about what this would mean for the economy.

Whatley: All right, so what would this mean for the economy?

Lacter: Well, no one knows exactly.  But, then again, no one knows exactly what would happen if you fell out of a airplane without a parachute.  I just wouldn't want to test it out.  And, of course, let's keep in mind that these are manufactured crises - not reflective of anything that's going on with the real economy.  It's certainly not reflective of anything that's going on in L.A., which saw a big jump in payroll jobs for 2012 - actually it was the sharpest increase since 2005, and nearly double the national rate (that's despite an unemployment rate that remains very high in certain parts of Los Angeles).

Whatley: What about some of the big locally based companies?

Lacter: Well, if your company is publicly traded, there's a good chance your shares took a dip these past few days.  Going back to September 18, the Dow has lost almost 700 points, which - percentage-wise - is not very much, but it is reflective of how uneasy Wall Street has become.  Public companies based in the L.A. area are taking it on the chin - Disney, Amgen, Mattel, DirecTV - their stock prices are all down going back to the middle of September.

Whatley: Even so, hasn't this been a good year for the stock market?

Lacter: It has - those local companies are up anywhere from 13 percent 30 percent year to date, and the Dow is up 14 percent year to date.  Of course, the stock price of a company doesn't always match the amount of money it makes, and this year, even before worries about the debt ceiling, the numbers haven't been as good as they should be at this stage of a recovery.  And, that's why there's particular concern about next week.  You do have to wonder whether a default could have ripple effects involving trade, consumer spending, the dollar - who knows what?  Now, it's still a pretty good bet that saner heads will prevail, although there are no guarantees - and again, if worse came to worse, do you really want to be jumping out of that plane?  Guess we'll find out.

Mark Lacter writes for Los Angeles Magazine and pens the business blog at LA Observed.com.

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

The state's online registration for Covered California has been up for a couple of weeks, and reaction has been mixed.

Steve Julian: Business analyst, Mark Lacter, what's your take on how well Californians are getting into the Affordable Care Act?

Mark Lacter: It's hard to get a good read, Steve, because it's hard to measure the success of what is really a new marketplace.  If you're basing it on the number of unique visitors coming to the Covered California website, well, then the program clearly has attracted lots of interest - they had almost a million visitors during the first week of eligibility.  But, maybe a better measure would be the number of people whose applications actually have been received by the insurance companies that are going to handle the claims.  If that's your measuring stick, then the numbers have been far smaller so far.  Now, it's worth pointing out that California - and particularly L.A. County - have a higher percentage of households without insurance than other parts of the nation, and so you'd expect there to be lots of interest.

Julian: So the question, then, is how many folks turn into actual policyholders paying actual premiums each month.

Lacter: The truth is nobody knows, which is why state officials want to sign up as many people as possible in the early going when the program is getting so much attention.  This is especially true for younger and healthier people who are needed to help offset the cost of caring for older and sicker people.

Julian: And, that's also why any computer glitch can be such a headache...

Lacter: That's right.  Covered California did run into problems in the early going, but everybody agrees that things are going much better than the federal website, which is the default site used by folks in states that don't have their own program to oversee the health care laws.  That federal site has been an utter disaster.  So, by comparison, California is ahead of the game.

Julian: It's a work in progress, even here.

Lacter: Very much so.  The California website still doesn't have a way for enrollees to find out which doctors and hospitals are included in each health plan.  And, that's a big deal because  insurance companies are limiting the options available as a way of keeping premiums low.  So, it's possible that the doctor you had been using for your individual insurance plan will not be on the list of doctors that can be used for one of the cheaper plans.  Of course, for someone who doesn't have any health coverage, none of that is likely to matter.

Julian: And then, there's the continued threat of a U.S. default...

Lacter: You know, Steve, this is like watching the beginning of a bad traffic accident in slow motion - and we're all pretty helpless to do anything about it.  And, so are the financial markets, which are moving back and forth not based on what's going on with the economy or with any industry, but on the latest press conference out of Washington.  One thing we do know is that if the nation does go into quote-unquote default - and we're not even sure what that might mean - but if Wall Street and somehow declares this a major crisis, it's going to be bad.

Julian: Who gets hit?

Lacter: It'll impact anyone who has a retirement account, any business wanting to borrow money, and potentially it's going to impact the budgeting of the state.  You know, one of the things we were reminded of during the Great Recession was how reliant California has been on higher-income individuals who make a lot of their money through the stock market and other investments.  So, when those folks do well - as they have been over the last year - the state coffers will do well.  And when they don't, as was the case in 2008 and 2009, the state takes a huge hit because there's not enough tax dollars coming in.  Gov. Brown and others have tried to lessen the reliance on those top tiers - so far without success.

Julian: And the state's budget situation is so much better than it was a year or two ago.

Lacter: That's the real pity.  And, even if the House and Senate reach a temporary agreement on the debt ceiling, it's just a matter of weeks or months before another deadline crops up - and more uncertainty for the financial markets.  I guess Chick Hearn would have called this nervous time.

Mark Lacter writes for Los Angeles Magazine and pens the business blog at LA Observed.com.

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

Lodgepole pine drawn in 1898 by U.S. National Herbarium illustrator Frederick Andrew Walpole.

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Federal agencies act as custodians of hundreds of diverse scientific collections that contain everything from plant and animal specimens, tissues, and DNA to microbes, minerals, […]

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The crystal structure of vanthoffite, Na6Mg(SO4)4, was redetermined and refined with anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms. Here, for the first time, we give its detailed description.

The crystal structure of vanthoffite {hexasodium magnesium tetrakis[sulfate(VI)]}, Na6Mg(SO4)4, was solved in the year 1964 on a synthetic sample [Fischer & Hellner (1964). Acta Cryst. 17, 1613]. Here we report a redetermination of its crystal structure on a mineral sample with improved precision. It was refined in the space group P21/c from a crystal originating from Surtsey, Iceland. The unique Mg (site symmetry overline{1}) and the two S atoms are in usual, only slightly distorted octahedral and tetrahedral coordinations, respectively. The three independent Na atoms are in a distorted octahedral coordination (1×) and distorted 7-coordinations intermediate between a `split octahedron' and a pentagonal bipyramid (2×). [MgO6] coordination polyhedra interchange with one half of the sulfate tetrahedra in <011> chains forming a (100) meshed layer, with dimers formed by edge-sharing [NaO7] polyhedra filling the interchain spaces. The other [NaO7] polyhedra are organized in a parallel layer formed by [010] and [001] chains united through edge sharing and bonds to the remaining half of sulfate groups and to [NaO6] octahedra. The two types of layers interconnect through tight bonding, which explains the lack of morphological characteristics typical of layered structures.

The US Federal Reserve has created a new group to advise on its planned faster payments service, the FedNow...

A bold national initiative is needed to reduce the enormous health burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States, according to a new report from a committee of the Institute of Medicine.

More targeted aircraft testing and simulation should be conducted to uncover design characteristics in new flight control systems that -- in rare circumstances -- may mislead pilots and result in unstable or dangerous flight conditions, says a new report by a National Research Council committee.

Widespread reforms are needed to ensure that all children are equipped with the skills and instruction they need to learn to read, according to a new report from a committee of the National Research Council.

Outdated food safety laws and a fragmented federal structure serve as barriers to improving protection of the nations food supply from contamination or other hazards, according to Ensuring Safe Food From Production to Consumption.

Increased research is the key to developing more widely applicable detection systems to find pipe bombs before they explode and to help catch the perpetrators when a bomb has gone off, says a new report from a committee of the National Research Council.