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Newquay Lap Dance Claims Wrong

Via Lori Smith, I was alerted to this claim last week by police in Cornwall that a lap dance venue license application should be rejected because such clubs 'might' cause sexual violence. As Lori points out over on BitchBuzz, this is territory I've covered before: the widely-publicised claims that lap dance clubs in Camden caused more rape turned out to be false.

Of course the statistics for a specific area of London over a certain number of years are only that: specific to London and those years. It's dangerous to take a trend for one area, at one point in time, and generalise it to all places at all times. In order to claim that "Factor X causes Outcome Y" you need a lot more data. In the book I set out some comparisons, then, with London and other locations summarising what we know from the scientific literature, national statistics, and so on.

So what's interesting is that The Sex Myth discusses not only the situation in cities like London but also specifically, as coincidence would have it, Newquay.

Guess what? The link between lap dance and sexual violence that the police claim 'might' exist? Not only does it not exist, local media in the Southwest have already reported on this.

In 2010, the Newquay Voice obtained Devon and Cornwall Constabulary’s figures of sexual assaults. They found that the total number of recorded sexual assaults (including rapes) in and around Newquay peaked at 71 in 2005, the year before Newquay's first lap dance club opened. In 2006 however,  following its opening, the number fell to 51.

In 2007, when the town’s second lap dancing venue opened, the total number of recorded sexual assaults fell again to 41, then dropped to 27 in 2008 when a third lap dancing club opened. In 2009 the number rose slightly, but with a total of 33 offences, it is still less than half the total than before the clubs appeared.

Using publically available population data, I took these figures and calculated the incidence rate (since population varies from year to year as crime stats do, if you don't calculate a rate, the numbers are not very informative). Here are the incidence rate calculations using midyear population levels for the council of Restormel where Newquay is located:

Looking at these numbers, you'd be tempted to think that lap dancing actually reduces sexual assault. In other words the opposite of what the BBC article claims.

This like the Camden data is only a single example. Making such a broad conclusion would be rash – to conclusively demonstrate that an increase in lap dancing corresponds with a decrease in rape and sexual assault, there would have to many more such results, over longer time periods, from many places. What it does do is reinforce the same thing the statistics from Camden show: lap dancing does not correlate with higher occurrence of rape. And if there is no rise in rape, then it is impossible to claim that lap dancing “causes” rape.

Unfortunately, the myth that sex work causes violence has become so deeply embedded in media and criminology storytelling that one only needs to raise that dread spectre for the city council to take such claims seriously. In spite of the fact that the real data are easy to find and analyse, and the local papers in Cornwall have already suggested the opposite to what the police claim is true, the BBC and other media outlets don't seem to notice or care.

In the end it looks as if the council rejected the application. St Austell  and Cornwall MP Stephen Gilbert tweeted that this was "a victory for people power". And indeed if the rejection was made because the majority of residents decided they did not want it, then so be it. Nothing wrong with not liking things for the simple reason that you don't like them.

But consider that the information put about by police and reported by the BBC is misleading and poorly researched. What if, instead of the council's main criterion being what residents preferred, the decision was made because of police and media scaring people with potential crimes that turn out not to be true at all?  I don't know about the good folks of Cornwall, but where I come from, that's called lying.




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Stay classy, Rescue Industry

In the cutthroat world of filmmaking it must be hard to get noticed. Some make their names by honing their craft over years or even decades, learning the business from the ground up, and keeping their egos in check. Others sleep their way to the top. But that's kind of lame. Why make good films or suck off a decent producer when you can hop on the concern-porn cause of the week and gain tasty, tasty attention that way?

Enter 'Balkans the Movie', a yet-to-be-made film that aims to expose the seedy underside of human trafficking by, er, cobbling together a lot of ethnic stereotypes and asking NGOs for funding. Nice work if you can get it. Certainly seems to have worked out for Nefarious: Merchant of Souls (which, incidentally, is so my next character if I ever take up RPGs again. Or alternatively my thrash metal band's debut album).




The Balkans site is looking to cast such no-doubt sensitively and intelligently written characters as "Big Mama" (a large cockney lady married to a Jamaican) and "Fats" (a Kosovan by way of New Orleans). Cast extras include "10 Prostitutes," whose roles are not entirely clear apart from the fact there will be a "porn scene" and an "auction". Don't worry about the lack of scripts, though, ladies: the director assures you "I shall ask you to improvise on the day." Is your asshole-ometer up in the red yet? No, nor mine. Not. At. All.

The site also makes clear that not only is the film gritty with potentially crude sex portrayed, it's also unpaid. Yes that's right, if you're lucky enough to get this gig you'll be pulling down not union rates or even minimum wage, but you will score a complimentary DVD. With profits to go to "anti-trafficking charities". The film will however be sent to "top industry contacts" who no doubt will dispatch it directly to the circular file. So basically you get to re-enact "harrowing scenes of torture" for free!

Executive Summary: We're going to stick it to those horrible people exploiting young women by, er, exploiting young women.


There isn't a mainstream porn studio in the world that could get away with this shit.

If the concept of the film hasn't made you roll off your chair yet then get a load of the script. What there is of it, anyway, since most of the film will go all Mike Leigh on our asses and depend on the actors' improvisation skills. We experience the story through the eyes of Joe, who is "Unstoppable, determined, curious, witty, vulnerable and a good liar ... educated at Cambridge ... Joe's heritage enables him to infiltrate this group as his father is from Eastern Europe." 


So far, so Misha Glenny. Minus the credibility.

"Joe is one of the remaining few journalists committed to the ethos of investigative journalism – to uncover the truth using all methods in spite of the risks."
As long as "all methods" means "getting handjobs," yeah? Has someone alerted Leveson yet?

Our Joe may be green, but by gum, he knows a good story when he sees it.
"I'm onto a new story with the break-in thing--absolute page one stuff-- ... It's gonna be bigger than Watergate!"
All the President's Men this ain't but please, tell me more, maybe I've missed what's so exciting here...
"Guys get into arguments over nothing and before you know it, one of them is dead. They're shooting each other all the time."
Oh. Never mind then.

More dialogue WTF: 

"Fats had killed a made man, elite Mafioso."
Now, I may be no expert - I'm only half-Eastern European and half-Sicilian, so what the hell do I know? I'm pretty sure - not 100% certain, but pretty sure - that Eastern European gangsters are not, kind of by definition, "mafiosi". 

Enter Natasha. Nats here is our hooker with a heart of gold. You can tell because she's giving Joe a rubdown and guided tour of her singing ability by page 2. She sounds all sorts of awesome:
"Natasha left her country in Eastern Europe to find a rich man in the West. Unfortunately she was conned and is now serving as a prostitute."
Serving as a prostitute? Bitch, I'm a sergeant in the Hooker Corps!

On a more serious note, though, sounds to me she found exactly what she was looking for and needs to reframe this new arrangement not as a problem but as a solution. A rich man in the West. Only, you know, an hour at a time. Why put up with a guy full-time when you can get cash in hand and have the odd evening to yourself? Hell to the yes.

The best part about Natasha is she speaks like a minor character from Isaac Bashevis Singer:

"When I was 15, my parents married me, against my will, to a man aged 35, whom I did not love. So started my miseries."
Feel free to imagine the sad violin here. Or alternatively some jaunty squeezebox à la Gypsy Weddings. Your call.

But wait! There's more. So much more:

"Smart Nick is Downtown Joey's son and a possible successor to him but first he must learn the business. "
Unlike the writer, this may entail more work for Smart Nick than merely watching The Wire with the sound turned off. I like this Nick fellow, not least because
"He has developed an upper class Oxford accent..."
I didn't know the university had its own accent! Learn something new every day. Smart Nick deploys his hard-won knowledge of Received Oxford Pronunciation on such gems as: "Next to him dancing with sexy girl is Jim Whip, number 2 top porno star in UK."

If
Mark-Francis Vandelli doesn't get this role it will be a crime against Thespis.

Oh wait, there is an Italian in the film! His name is 'Sammy Cigar'. We Italians are all called things like that, you know. We're also orange puppets made of sponge who sit around eating Dolmio every Saturday night with Mamma. He owns a nightclub too? You could have knocked me over with a feather.


The there's Leo, the Obligatory American.
"Leo was born into music, although his family were not in the industry he managed to make the right connections,  is in his early forties and is American. His break came when he graduated from Harvard in Art History and dated the daughter of the Chairman of Warner Music. He has managed huge acts, is a millionaire, loves young women (18+) and sometimes dabbles in cocaine."
The actual Chairman of Warner Music, Lyor Cohen, has a daughter all right. She turns 10 this year. Way to score, Leo!

The film's website helpfully informs us that 
This story is fictional and is not intended to be racist or to offend anyone. 
It's not intended to be racist. Like, I didn't intend to steal that cupcake, it just ended up stuffed in my gob unpaid for, officer. (For what it's worth I'm not offended. I'm more bemused and slightly mystified but not actually offended. Kosovan gangsters from Louisiana may feel differently.) Also:
All characters are fictional and any resemblance to any person/event or situation whether present or in the past is coincidental.
Don't worry, hon. There is absolutely no danger anyone is going to mistake these characters for real people.

Do you know what the script reminds me of? This date I had years ago. I met up with a guy from Guardian Soulmates who told me he was an aspiring novelist who eschewed a career as a postdoc chemist for two (yes! two!) masters' courses in writing. He then proceeded to tell me in much detail about this amazing book of his that was mysteriously unpublished. It involved a super-secret society at Oxford whose bitch-queen was a virginal descendant of the real Royal Family (whoever they are) and gets deflowered by her super-secret fraternity at the end. He saw Emily Blunt in the lead role for the film adaptation. There wasn't a second date.
 

I could go on. But I won't. Because I'm not even past page 12 yet and you probably have other things to do today. Suffice it to say that I actually hope a rubbish trafficking hype film with characters like "Detective Inkling" and "Chinese Man" gets made. If only so I can MST-3K the shit out of it. And let's be honest, if I had no conscience and no qualms about not paying the talent I would be kicking myself right now for not coming up with this lucrative wheeze first.

In fact I actually hope this is the product of some some hard-eyed cynic grabbing what cash he can out of the system before the whole trafficking panic collapses in a heap of invented moral scares and bullshit statistics. In which case, mate, I owe you an apology and a drink.






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Diagram Club

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The post Diagram Club appeared first on Dave Walker.




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Billet d'invité : 5 astuces pour trouver des clients directs

 

 

 

Pour la deuxième fois sur ce blogue, je partage avec vous un billet écrit par une collègue : Dr Eunice Sanya Pellini (Eunice Translates). Chercheuse et traductrice en sciences sociales du français vers l’anglais, elle partage son expérience et nous donne de précieux conseils pour nous aider à cibler des clients directs.

Trouver des clients directs est une question qui préoccupe de nombreux traducteurs professionnels. Travailler avec ces derniers est souvent une source de satisfaction et permet d’offrir des conditions de travail optimales aux traducteurs. Lorsque je me suis lancée dans la traduction d’articles scientifiques du français vers l’anglais, j’ai décidé d’emblée de travailler uniquement avec ce type de client. Mais, les identifier et les démarcher, surtout lorsque l’on débute une carrière de traducteur, n’est pas facile.

 

Voici cinq astuces qui m’ont aidé à travailler uniquement avec des clients directs dès mes débuts dans la traduction d’articles académiques :

 

1. J'ai fait appel à mon réseau

J’ai commencé à traduire des articles scientifiques lors de mon doctorat en sciences de l’éducation, un peu par hasard. À l’époque, plusieurs collègues ont fait appel à mes services pour la traduction des articles qu’ils devaient présenter aux colloques ou publier dans des revues scientifiques. J’ai été aussi contactée pour corriger des textes académiques déjà rédigés en anglais.

 

Le choix de traduire des articles scientifiques était donc évident pour moi. Étant donné que j’étais déjà dans le monde académique, il a été facile de rencontrer et de solliciter les personnes dans mon réseau.

 

Si vous souhaitez démarcher des clients directs pour votre service de traduction, il est important de constituer une liste de vos contacts et de réfléchir à la meilleure façon de les solliciter. Directement ? Lors de conférences ? Par des appels ? Sur les réseaux sociaux ?

 

2. Je me suis spécialisée

En me mettant à mon compte, j’ai tout de suite compris qu’il fallait que je me spécialise dans un champ précis pour réussir. Pour moi, le fait de se spécialiser a eu de nombreux avantages.

 

Cela m’a permis de :

  • mieux cibler ma clientèle ;
  • renforcer mes compétences dans un champ précis ;
  • clairement définir le service que je voulais proposer.

3. Je me suis appuyée sur mes compétences

Je n’ai pas de diplôme de traduction, mais je suis anglophone et j’ai un doctorat en sciences de l’éducation. Malgré l’absence de ce diplôme de traduction, j’ai réussi à me positionner comme « spécialiste en traduction académique du français vers l’anglais » et comme une « traductrice qui maîtrise le monde de la recherche ». Être anglophone et docteur est un atout, ainsi que le fait d’avoir déjà publié dans les journaux scientifiques anglophones. J’ai donc réussi à convaincre mes clients que je pouvais les aider, eux aussi, à faire publier leurs travaux scientifiques.

 

Tout le monde a développé certaines compétences dans un domaine précis. Si vous souhaitez travailler avec des clients directs, il faut être prêt à « vous vendre » : les convaincre que vous êtes qualifié et que vous êtes la personne qui saura résoudre leur problème.

 

4. J'ai identifié mon client idéal

Identifier votre client idéal est une phase importante de votre stratégie de prospection. Lorsque vous connaissez le type de clients susceptible d’être intéressé par votre service de traduction, il est beaucoup plus facile de vous adresser à lui. De même, il est plus aisé d’identifier les méthodes de démarchage les plus efficaces pour ces clients potentiels.

 

5. Je me suis considérée comme traductrice et gérante d'entreprise

Un problème courant qui freine le succès des traducteurs est l’habitude qu’ils ont de se considérer comme des linguistes et non comme des gérants d’entreprise. Or, être traducteur indépendant, c’est aussi être entrepreneur et cela implique d’effectuer différentes tâches pour assurer la réussite de son activité.

 

Pour trouver des clients directs, il faut adopter une « mentalité marketing » : être prêt à chercher de nouveaux clients et à les convaincre, en employant différentes tactiques selon les cas.

 

Pour réussir, vous devez élaborer une véritable stratégie de communication et, surtout, la mettre en œuvre de façon cohérente et continue.

 


À propos de l'auteur

Eunice Sanya Pellini est docteure en sciences sociales (PhD) et traductrice spécialisée dans la traduction d’articles scientifiques du français vers l’anglais. Vous pouvez la contacter en visitant son site Eunice Translates.


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La déclaration d'impôt du traducteur

 

 

 

Les journées rallongent, les arbres sont en fleurs, les oiseaux chantent… vous l’avez deviné, voici venu le temps de la déclaration d’impôt sur le revenu ! Il ne vous reste plus que quelques jours pour vous y atteler, mais avant cela je vous propose de faire le point sur vos obligations en tant que professionnel pour ne rien oublier et, surtout, payer uniquement ce que vous devez.

Tout d’abord, commençons par un petit rappel : l’impôt sur le revenu est, comme son nom l’indique, calculé sur l’ensemble des revenus (salaire, bénéfice d’entreprise, dividendes, droits d’auteur, allocation, primes, etc.) de votre foyer fiscal. Après déduction de certaines dépenses (frais de garde d’enfant, travaux de réhabilitation ou d’économie d’énergie, dons, etc.), l’administration applique un barème progressif par tranche de revenu pour calculer le total de votre impôt, qui sera ensuite prélevé à la source mensuellement, ou trimestriellement sur option pour les indépendants.

VOUS ÊTES MICROENTREPRENEUR

Microentrepreneur, vous êtes un entrepreneur individuel relevant du régime fiscal dit « micro-BNC », autrement dit votre bénéfice imposable n’est pas établi sur la base de vos dépenses professionnelles réelles, mais en appliquant une déduction forfaitaire censée représenter l’ensemble de vos dépenses professionnelles, y compris les cotisations sociales (34 % actuellement pour les professions libérales comme celle de traducteur).

 

Votre revenu imposable est donc 66 % de votre chiffre d’affaires (le total des recettes de votre activité déclarées au cours de l’année précédente - 34 % d’abattement forfaitaire).

 

Pour remplir votre déclaration de revenus, vous devez faire apparaître la déclaration complémentaire des revenus commerciaux non professionnels n° 2042 C-PRO, puis inscrire le montant brut de votre chiffre d’affaires (vos recettes) à la case 5HQ (ou 5IQ, 5JQ… si vous faites une déclaration conjointe) :

 


 

Pour vous éviter toute erreur, munissez-vous de l’attestation fiscale fournie par l’URSSAF qui récapitule l’ensemble des recettes que vous avez déclarées dans l’année (vous la trouverez sur le portail de l’autoentrepreneur, dans la rubrique Mes documents > Mes attestations). L’abattement forfaitaire est automatiquement appliqué. Les recettes de votre microentreprise seront alors comptabilisées avec le reste des revenus de votre foyer fiscal et soumises à l’impôt sur le revenu par l’application du barème progressif.

 

Sous certaines conditions de ressources, vous pouvez bénéficier du prélèvement libératoire de l’impôt sur le revenu et donc soumettre vos recettes à un taux fixe d’imposition (2,2 % pour les professions libérales) pour payer votre impôt sur le revenu en même temps que vos cotisations sociales chaque mois ou chaque trimestre. Cette option s’exerce au moment de la création de votre activité ou au plus tard le 30 septembre de l’année en cours pour une prise d’effet à compter du début de l’année suivante. Elle est ensuite reconduite automatiquement, à moins que vous ne la dénonciez dans les mêmes délais.

 

Cette option est intéressante, car le prélèvement libératoire est automatique et proportionnel à vos recettes. Selon la situation de votre foyer fiscal, le taux fixe peut être avantageux. Toutefois, puisqu’il est calculé sur votre chiffre d’affaires, vous paierez l’impôt sur le revenu, même si vous n’êtes pas imposable. Mieux vaut donc comparer le montant de votre impôt avec ou sans option avant de choisir le prélèvement libératoire forfaitaire et dans tous les cas, vous devrez obligatoirement remplir la déclaration 2042 C-PRO.

VOUS ÊTES ENTREPRENEUR INDIVIDUEL EN BNC

Les entrepreneurs individuels qui ne bénéficient pas du régime micro, soit parce qu’ils ont dépassé le seuil de chiffre d’affaires, soit parce qu’ils ont opté volontairement pour un autre régime fiscal, sont eux aussi imposés personnellement sur le bénéfice de leur entreprise, mais ce bénéfice est calculé en tenant compte des dépenses réellement payées. Ce régime fiscal, quand il s’applique à des professions libérales, s’appelle le régime de la déclaration contrôlée.

 

Première contrainte, le professionnel soumis au régime de la déclaration contrôlée doit adhérer à une association de gestion agréée (AGA) ou retenir les services d’un cabinet comptable autorisé à délivrer un visa fiscal pour éviter une majoration de 25 % de son bénéfice. Cette adhésion doit être validée dans les 5 mois suivants l’immatriculation de l’entreprise ou suivant l’ouverture du premier exercice faisant l’objet d’une déclaration contrôlée.

 

Une fois par an en mai, il est tenu de transmettre par voie électronique la déclaration 2035 et ses annexes, qui permettra le calcul de son bénéfice imposable sur la base des recettes encaissées diminuées des dépenses engendrées par l’activité au cours de l’année civile précédente. Le résultat obtenu est à reporter ensuite dans la déclaration de revenus, formulaire 2042 C PRO, dans la rubrique « régime de la déclaration contrôlée » :

 


Votre bénéfice imposable est à inscrire dans la case 5QC si vous faites appel à un expert-comptable ou une AGA ou dans la case 5QI si ce n’est pas le cas.

 

Si les dépenses ont été supérieures aux recettes (ce qui est très rare dans le cadre d’une activité de traduction), sachez que vous avez la possibilité d’imputer ce déficit au revenu de votre foyer fiscal des six années suivantes.  Ce déficit est à inscrire dans la case 5QE ou 5QK.

 

Si vous exercez en Zone Franche Urbaine (ZFU) ou Zone de Revitalisation Rurale (ZRR), tout ou partie de votre bénéfice peut être exonéré d’impôt. Il faut alors l’inscrire dans la case 5QB, ou 5QH. D’autres exonérations sont possibles, notamment les plus-values de cession d’actifs, sous certaines conditions.

 

Outre ces obligations fiscales, si vous êtes soumis au régime de la déclaration contrôlée, vous devez également respecter certaines obligations comptables (tenue d’un livre-journal, registre des immobilisations et des amortissements et établissement des comptes annuels en fin d’année). Ces contraintes peuvent rendre les services d’un comptable nécessaires, voire indispensables : une dépense supplémentaire déductible du chiffre d’affaires, mais dont il faut tenir compte avant d’opter pour le régime de la déclaration contrôlée.

VOUS ÊTES DIRIGEANT D'UNE SOCIÉTÉ

Si vous êtes dirigeant d’une société (EURL/SARL, SASU/SAS…), vous êtes, selon les cas, imposable sur votre rémunération ou sur la part du bénéfice de votre entreprise qui vous revient.

 

Les sociétés peuvent être imposables de plein droit ou sur option à l’impôt sur les sociétés (IS) ou à l’impôt sur le revenu. Lorsqu’elles sont imposables sur le revenu, leur bénéfice est déclaré par les associés en tant que bénéfice non commercial (BNC), on parle lors du régime des sociétés de personnes. Chaque associé reporte sa part du bénéfice dans la déclaration 2042 C PRO (voir partie précédente sur l’imposition des entrepreneurs individuels en BNC).

 

Dans le cas d’une EURL, il n’y a qu’un seul associé qui est aussi le gérant de l’entreprise. Pour la SASU, on parle de dirigeant. Les gérants et dirigeants de sociétés ont normalement droit à une rémunération en contrepartie de leurs fonctions, mais les statuts peuvent prévoir qu’elles sont exercées à titre gratuit. Lorsque leur mandat est rémunéré, le montant de cette rémunération est imposable en tant que traitements et salaires (case 1. J, revenus d’activité).

 

Autre forme de rémunération, les dividendes concernent uniquement les sociétés soumises à l’impôt sur les sociétés (non les sociétés imposables à l’impôt sur le revenu ni les entreprises individuelles). Le dividende est la rémunération des associés, c’est-à-dire ceux qui ont investi au capital social d’une société. La plupart des dirigeants étant aussi associés, ils peuvent percevoir des dividendes lorsque leur société a réalisé un bénéfice. Ces dividendes constituent un revenu soumis à cotisations sociales et à l’impôt, soit par l’application du barème progressif de l’impôt sur le revenu (après un abattement de 40 % et déduction de la CSG), soit par un prélèvement forfaitaire unique (PFU) aussi appelé « flat tax » (sont taux est actuellement 30 % : 17,2 % au titre des prélèvements sociaux et 12,8 % de l’impôt sur le revenu).

 

Le PFU s’applique par défaut : il est précompté par l’entreprise et payé à la source lors du versement des dividendes aux associés. Ces derniers doivent ensuite reporter le montant brut perçu dans la case 2CG de leur déclaration (revenus déjà soumis aux prélèvements sociaux sans CSG déductible), pour éviter qu’il soit imposé de nouveau.

 

Si cela se révèle plus intéressant, vous pouvez opter pour l’application du barème progressif en cochant la case 2OP. Le montant brut de vos dividendes doit alors être inscrit dans la case 2DC (revenu des actions ou parts), l’administration fiscale se chargeant de calculer l’abattement de 40 % et de vous restituer l’éventuel excédent d’imposition. Lorsque vous cliquez la case 2OP, le crédit d'impôt apparaît automatiquement en case 2CK, ce qui vous permet de faire une simulation pour prendre la décision la plus avantageuse pour vous. Le choix du barème progressif vous permet par ailleurs de déduire une partie de la CSG en inscrivant le total des revenus déjà soumis aux prélèvements sociaux figurant sur votre imprimé fiscal unique dans la case 2BH de la déclaration.

 

Enfin, les intérêts calculés sur les sommes versés en compte courant d'associé constituent des produits de placement à revenu fixe imposables dans la catégorie des revenus de capitaux mobiliers.

VOUS PERCEVEZ DES DROITS D'AUTEUR

Ce qu’on appelle communément les droits d’auteur rémunère les créateurs d’œuvres originales en contrepartie de l’exploitation (utilisation, vente, diffusion) de leurs œuvres. Les traducteurs peuvent être rétribués totalement ou partiellement de cette façon, notamment dans le cadre de contrats d’édition, de sous-titrage ou de doublage d’œuvres audiovisuelles.

 

Les droits sont versés par le diffuseur de l’œuvre (l’éditeur par exemple), soit en intégralité, soit après déduction des cotisations et contributions sociales des artistes auteurs. Cette déduction à la source de cotisations sociales s’appelle le précompte et oblige le diffuseur à vous remettre une attestation (la certification de précompte). Le total des sommes perçues l’année précédente doit alors être inscrit dans la case 1.F de votre déclaration de revenus :

 

Sur option, les droits d’auteur peuvent aussi être déclarés en tant que bénéfices non commerciaux (BNC), le diffuseur est alors dispensé du précompte, les sommes perçues entrant dans le calcul du résultat (déclaration 2035) et des bénéfices non commerciaux (déclaration 2042 C PRO) de votre entreprise. Vous réglez donc vous-même les cotisations et contributions sociales dues au titre de votre activité d’artiste auteur.

Toujours perdus ? C’est normal, l’impôt sur le revenu est un échafaudage complexe et notre administration fiscale ne brille pas par sa pédagogie. En cas de doute, n’hésitez pas à contacter votre Service des impôts des entreprises (SIE) ou à faire appel à un comptable pour vous guider. Et si vous avez des astuces fruits de votre expérience, n’hésitez pas à les partager ici. Bon courage !

 




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Working under a cloud!

In the heart of LingoVille, translator Trina was renowned for her linguistic prowess but was a bit behind in the tech world.  When her old typewriter finally gave out, she received a sleek new laptop, which came with OneDrive pre-enabled.  Initially hesitant about this “cloud magic,” she soon marvelled at the convenience of securely storing … Continue reading Working under a cloud!




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Cloud players and open source collaboration

In today's keynote at OSBC RedHat's CEO Jim Whitehurst claimed that even companies like Google, Amazon and other cloud players are always collaborating .. not directly but in the form of collaboration via the various open source projects they build their offerings on.

While that's true to some extent, the reality IMO is that many of these companies end up with forks of key projects such as MySQL or Xen or use extension points to write their own core bits that are not open source and never will be. If you talk to ex-MySQL people they will tell you that while there was a lot of testing and other "low end" contributions by the community, almost no major contributions for MySQL came from random outside users. That is the general sentiment I've heard from most open source organizations, communities and projects and certainly our experience in WSO2 as well. Even in Apache, its usually people who are fairly committed to the project (either by employment, which is most common, or by personal interest/choice) who contribute meaningfully; its very rarely that you get a sizable contribution from an outsider.

In fact, the (ab)use of open source by online services companies like Google etc. is exactly why the AGPL license was created. For the uninitiated, AGPL is a viral license like GPL except that even online hosting is considered "distribution", thereby forcing service providers to ship the source code for any modifications they've done. Personally I'm not a fan of such aggressive tactics to get people to contribute (that's why ALL WSO2 software is Apache licensed) but there are many people who come from the free software mindset, in comparison to the open source mindset, of the FOSS community who are not happy with the Googles of the world not having to share any code at all even though they get a lot out of FOSS.

So IMO Jim's wrong on this- Google and Amazon and other major closed cloud platform players will NOT share anything they absolutely don't have to. As a side-effect, they will not touch any AGPL code because it will force them to be a commodity and that results in loss of key competitive advantages for them.

The FOSS movement is about giving power to the people. Cloud is a major risk for that as the cloud vendors are incentivized NOT to have a common denominator. That's why there's no freedom in the cloud without using a truly open source PaaS and building your own thing on top of it.




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????Por qué unirte al Club ahora

En el Club de los Grandes Traductores puedes encontrar la ayuda que necesitas para desarrollar tu negocio de traducción o interpretación. ¿Quieres saber cómo? Sigue leyendo. Déjanos hacerte algunas preguntas: ¿Alguna vez te sientes sola/o en tu profesión? ¿Necesitas consejo para resolver dudas profesionales y...

La entrada ????Por qué unirte al Club ahora aparece primero en Traducción Jurídica.




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Cloud Native

Together with Sanjiva and the rest of the WSO2 architecture team, I've been thinking a lot about what it means for applications and middleware to work well in a cloud environment - on top of an Infrastructure-as-a-Service such as Amazon EC2, Eucalyptus, or Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud.
One of our team - Lavi - has a great analogy. Think of a 6-lane freeway/motorway/autobahn as the infrastructure. Before the autobahn existed there were forms of transport optimized first to dirt tracks and then to simple tarmac roads. The horse-drawn cart is optimized to a dirt track. On an autobahn it works - but it doesn't go any faster than on a dirt track. A Ford Model T can go faster, but it can't go safely at autobahn speeds: even if it could accelerate to 100mph it won't steer well enough at that speed or brake quickly enough.

Similarly, existing applications taken and run in a cloud environment may not fully utilize that environment. Even if systems can be clustered they may not be able to dynamically change the cluster size (elasticity). Its not just acceleration, but braking as well! We believe there are a set of these technical attributes that software needs to take account of to work well in a cloud environment. In other words - what do middleware and applications have to do to be Cloud Native.

Here are the attributes that we think are the core of "Cloud Native":

  • Distributed / dynamically wired

    In order for an application to work in a cloud environment the system must be inherently distributed by nature to support operating in a cloud. What does this mean? It must be able to have multiple nodes running concurrently that share a configuration and share any session state, as well as logging to a central log, not just dumping log files onto a local disk. Another way of putting this is that it is clusterable. There are different degrees of this: from systems that cluster up to tens of machines all the way to shared-nothing architectures that cluster to thousands or millions of nodes.

    Of course its not enough to think of a single application here either. Cloud applications are not just going to be written in a single language on a single platform in a single runtime. The result is that applications are going to have to be dynamically wired: not just able to find their session state and logger but also able to find the latest version of a remote service and use it, without being restarted, and without any limits to where that service has moved to.

  • Elastic

    If a system is distributed then it can be made to be elastic. This seems to be the attribute of cloud native that everyone thinks of first. The system should be able to scale down as well as up, based on load. The cluster has to be dynamic and a controller must be using policies to decide when to scale up and when to scale down. In order to be elastic, the controller needs to understand the underlying Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and be able to call APIs to start and stop machine images.

  • Multi-tenant

    A cloud native application or middleware needs to be able to support multiple isolated tenants within the system. This is the ability of Software-as-a-Service to handle multiple departments or companies at once. This compares to running multiple copies of an application each in a Virtual Machine (VM). There are two main reasons why multi-tenancy is much better than just VMs. The first benefit is economics: a tenant has a minor overhead (usually just a row in a database). A whole VM is costly: it uses a lot more memory and resources, there may be license issues, and its hugely more complex to manage 1000 copies of an application than one single multi-tenant application with 1000 tenants. The second reason multi-tenancy is important is because it enables:
  • Self-service

    Self-service provisioning and management are key to getting the most out of a cloud system. If I can have an elastic tenant to myself that's cool. But if I rely on an administrator to set it up, configure it and manage it, then that isn't Software, Platform or Infrastructure "as-a-Service". It hasn't bought me faster time to market. Self-service applies at all levels - at the infrastructure level, self-service means managing your own VMs. At the platform level, self-service means managing and deploying production applications and middleware. At the software level, self-service means creating and managing your own tenant in an application.

  • Granularly metered and billed

    One essential point of cloud is pay-per-use. But that has to be granular. Pay-per-year just is not the same as pay-per-hour. Even in a private cloud, metering is essential. In a multi-tenant, elastic environment, creating a new tenant (e.g. a new app server, a new accounting system, a new CRM) is (almost) incrementally free until the point at which that tenant is used. In a normal system model the cost of creating and provisioning a system is so large (think of the meetings!) that it usually obscures the first year's running costs. In a self-service, multi-tenant, elastic system the actual usage is the real cost. Therefore understanding, metering, and monitoring that usage is essential.

  • Incrementally deployed and tested

    Applications running in the cloud need to be updated, just as any other application. But experience with our customers shows that they need to do clever things to handle new versions in a highly-scalable high-volume environment. Our largest customers typically have systems set up where they can incrementally deploy a new version of a system - side-by-side with the old one. Even once a new version is fully unit and system tested, there may be a desire to test the new version "in place" in the live cloud environment. Switching over traffic between versions is not just a binary decision - you may want to try the new version with 5% of your live load.

This list aims to characterize the real challenges in making software properly adapted to a cloud environment. I had a lot more to say about each point, but I wanted to keep this to-the-point. 

I strongly believe that it is only once a system really implements these attributes that it starts to give the full benefits of running in a cloud. And the benefits of "Cloud-Native" systems are immense: better utilization of resources, faster provisioning, better governance. Its probably a whole 'nother blog post to go into the full benefits of having cloud native software!

Have we missed any attributes? Please feel free to comment - and please post a trackback if you write a response.




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WSO2 Stratos - Platform-as-a-Service for private and public cloud

Yesterday we announced something I believe is a game-changer: WSO2 Stratos. What is Stratos?

WSO2 Stratos is a complete SOA and developer platform offered as a self-service, multi-tenant, elastic runtime for private and public cloud infrastructures.
What that means is that our complete SOA platform - now enhanced with Tomcat and Webapp support - is available as a  "cloud native" runtime that you can either use on the Web (yes - you can try it out right now), on Amazon VPC, or on your own internal private cloud based on Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud, Eucalyptus and (coming soon) vmWare vSphere. It is a complete Platform-as-a-Service for private and public clouds.

I'll be writing more about Stratos over the coming weeks and months, and I'll also provide links and tweets to other Stratos blogs, but in this blog I want to simply answer three questions:

  1. I'm already talking to {vmWare, Eucalyptus, Ubuntu, Savvis, Joyent} about private cloud - what does WSO2 add that they don't have?
  2. What is the difference between Stratos and the Cloud Images that WSO2 already ships?
  3. Why would I choose WSO2 over the other vendors offering Platform-as-a-Service?
In order to answer the first question, lets look at the cloud computing space, which is most easily divided up into:
  • Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): this is where Amazon, Eucalyptus, vmWare, Saavis and Joyent play
  • Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Google App Engine, vmForce, Tibco Silver and now WSO2 Stratos play in this space.
  • Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): Google Apps, Google Mail, Microsoft Office Live, Salesforce, SugarOnDemand - these and many more make up the SaaS category.
To generalize wildly, most people talking about public cloud today are talking about SaaS. And most people talking about private cloud today are talking about IaaS.

SaaS is fantastic for quick productivity and low cost. WSO2 uses Google Apps, Sugar on Demand and several other SaaS apps. But SaaS doesn't create competitive advantage. Mule also uses Google Apps. They may well use Salesforce. SaaS cannot produce competitive advantage because your competitors get access to exactly the same low-cost services you do. In order to create competitive advantage you need to build as well as buy. For example, we use our Mashup Server together with our Sugar Business Messaging Adapter to provide insight and management of our pipeline that goes beyond what Sugar offers.

IaaS is of course a great basis to build apps. But it's just infrastructure. Yes - you get your VM hosted quicker. But someone has to create a useful VM. And that is where PaaS comes in. PaaS is how to speed up cloud development.

What does Stratos give you on top of an IaaS? It gives you an Application Server, Registry, Identity Server, Portal, ESB, Business Activity Monitor and Mashup Server. And it gives you these as-a-Service: completely self-service, elasticly scalable, and granularly metered and monitored. Someone in your team needs an ESB - they can provision one for themselves instantly. And because it's multi-tenant, it costs nothing to run until it gets used. How do you know how it's used? The metering and monitoring tells you exactly how much each tenant uses.

2. What is the difference between Stratos and the existing WSO2 Cloud Images?

The cloud images we started shipping in December are not Cloud Native. Stratos is Cloud Native. In practice, this means that when you log into Stratos (go on try it now) you can instantly provision your own domain, together with a set of Stratos services. This saves memory - instead of allocating a new VM and minimum half a gigabyte of memory to each new server you get a new ESB with zero extra memory cost. And it's much easier. The new ESB will automatically be governed and monitored. It's automatically elastically clustered.

3. Why would I choose WSO2 over other PaaS vendors?

Firstly, if you look at PaaS as a whole there is a huge divide between Public PaaS and Private PaaS. The public PaaS vendors simply don't offer private options. You can't run force.com or Google App Engine applications internally, even if you want to. WSO2 bridges that gap with a PaaS you can use in the public Web, on a virtual private cloud, or on premises.

The second big differentiator between WSO2 and the existing PaaS offerings is the architecture. Mostly PaaS is a way of building webapps. WSO2 offers a complete enterprise architecture - governance, business process, integration, portal, identity and mashups. And we support the common Enterprise Programming Model (not just Java, WebApp, JAX-WS, but also BPEL, XSLT, XPath, Google Gadgets, WSDL, etc). The only other PaaS that I know of that offers a full Enterprise architecture is Tibco Silver.

The third and most important differentiator is about lock-in. Software vendors love lock-in - and Cloud vendors love it even more. So if you code to Google App Engine, you are tied into Google's identity model, Google's Bigtable, etc. If you code to force.com or vmForce - you are tied to force's infrastructure services. If you code to Tibco Silver, you are tied to Tibco. WSO2 fights this in three ways:
  • No code lock-in: we use standards-based coding (WAR, JAX-WS, POJO) and Stratos is 100% Apache License Open Source.
  • No model lock-in: we use standards-based services: 
    • Identity is based on OpenID, OAuth, XACML, WS-Trust
    • Registry is based on AtomPub and REST
    • Business Process is based on BPEL, etc
  • No hosting lock-in: you can take you apps and data from our public PaaS and re-deploy internally or on your own virtual private cloud anytime you like.
I hope you found this a useful introduction to Stratos. If you want more information, contact me paul@wso2.com, or check out the Stratos website or code.





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Understanding Logging in the Cloud

I recently read an interesting pair of articles about Application Logging in OpenShift. While these are great articles on how to use log4j and Apache Commons Logging, they don't address the cloud logging issue at all.

What is the cloud logging issue?

Suppose I have an application I want to deploy in the cloud. I also want to automatically elastically scale this app. In fact I'm hoping that this app will succeed - and then I'm going to want to deploy it in different geos. I'm using EC2 for starters, but I might need to move it later. Ok, so that sounds a bit YAGNI. Let's cut back the requirements. I'm running my app in the cloud, on a single server in a single geo.

I do not want to log to the local filesystem.

Why not? Well firstly if this is say EC2, then the server might get terminated and I'm going to lose my logs. If it doesn't get restarted then they are going to grow and kill my local filesystem. Either way, I'm in a mess.

I need to log my logs somewhere that is:
1) designed to support getting logs from multiple places - e.g. whichever EC2 or other instance my server happens to be hosted today
2) separate from my worker instance so when that gets stopped and started it lives
3) supports proper log rotation, etc

If I have this then it supports my initial problem, but it actually also supports my bigger requirements around autoscaling and geos.

Stratos is an open source Platform-as-a-Service foundation that we've created at WSO2. In Stratos we had to deal with this early on because we support elastic auto-scaling by default.

In Stratos 1.x we built a model based on syslog-ng. Basically we used log4j for applications to log. So just as any normal log4j logging you would do something like:


Logger  logger = Logger.getLogger("org.fremantle.myApp");
logger.warn("This is a warning");


We automatically setup the log appenders in the Stratos services to use the log4j syslog appender. When we start an instance we automatically set it up under the covers to pipe the syslog output to syslog-ng. Then we automatically collate these logs and make them available.

In Stratos 2.x we have improved this.
The syslog-ng model is not as efficient as we needed, and also we needed a better way of slicing and dicing the resulting log files.

In the Stratos PaaS we also have another key requirement - multi-tenancy. We have lots of instances of servers, some of which are one instance per tenant/domain, and some which are shared between tenants. In both cases we need to split out the logs so that each tenant only sees their own logs.

So in Stratos 2.x (due in the next couple of months) we have a simple Apache Thrift interface (and a JSON/REST one too). We already have a log4j target that pushes to this. So exactly the same code as above works in Stratos 2.x with no changes. 



We are also going to add models for non-Java (e.g. syslog, log4php, etc).

Now what happens next? The local agent on the cloud instance is setup automatically to publish to the local central log server. This takes the logs and publishes them to an Apache Cassandra database. We then run Apache Hive scripts that slice the logs per tenant and per application. These are then available to the user via our web interface and also via simple network calls. Why this model? This is really scalable. I mean really, really scalable. Cassandra can scale to hundreds of nodes, if necessary. Also its really fast. Our benchmarks show that we can write >10k entries/second on a normal server.

Summary

Logging in the cloud isn't just about logging to your local disk. That is not a robust or scalable answer. Logging to the cloud needs a proper cloud logging model. In Stratos we have built one. You can use it from Java today and from Stratos 2.0 we are adding support to publish log entries just with a simple REST interface, or a super-fast highly scalable approach with Apache Thrift.




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Berkeley, UCLA, Harvard, MIT, Princeton, Stanford y Yale en Academic Earth

Si utilizás el buscador Google Chrome podés encontrar herramientas de mucho provecho. Acabo de toparme con la extensión en línea de Academic Earth, que ofrece el acceso gratuito a videos de los cursos y conferencias de las universidades más destacadas de Estados Unidos y en las materias más diversas. ENJOY KNOWLEDGE!

 
Podrás presenciar conferencias como, por ejemplo,
Language in the Brain, Mouth and the Hands
By Paul Bloom - Yale



Watch it on Academic Earth