system to wire a home audio system By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: to wire a home audio system Full Article
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system 2970/L8262-CAM: GMS Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project[CAM2-ICB-W02- Upgrading of Damnak Chheukrom Irrigation System Main Canal] By www.adb.org Published On :: Full Article
system Loan No. 49423-BAN: Bangladesh Power System Enhancement and Efficiency Improvement Project [URIDS-G-04] By www.adb.org Published On :: Full Article
system Strengthening Country Systems for Prevention and Response to Gender-Based Violence By www.adb.org Published On :: 2024-10-30 The proposed project will support the Royal Government of Cambodia in its commitment to reduce Gender-based Violence (GBV) line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 on gender equality, specifically to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, through proven and novel approaches across the continuum of prevention, mitigation, and response. Full Article
system Climate-smart Health Services System Enhancement Project By www.adb.org Published On :: 2025 The project will be aligned with the following impacts: (i) modern public health service system ensuring well-being of all Thais in an effective, fair, sufficient, and sustainable manner developed; and (ii) UHC, including access to essential health care services, sustained. The outcome is: access to quality public hospital services by all in selected provinces improved. Full Article
system Northern China Agriculture and Food Ecosystem Low-Carbon and Climate Resilient Development Project By www.adb.org Published On :: 2025 The proposed Northern China Agriculture and Food Ecosystem Net Zero Transformation Project (project) will support the PRC to achieve its climate commitment through catalyzing financing and strengthening institutional capacity for net zero transformation in agriculture and food ecosystem. Full Article
system Listening to worms wriggle can help us monitor ecosystem health By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Fri, 16 Aug 2024 06:00:05 +0100 The noises made by organisms like ants and worms as they move around in the soil can be used to assess whether an ecosystem is in good shape Full Article
system Is an old NASA probe about to redraw the frontier of the solar system? By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Wed, 19 Jun 2024 17:00:00 +0100 The New Horizons mission to Pluto, now zooming out of the Kuiper belt, has made a discovery that could upend what we know about where the solar system ends Full Article
system How to tell if your immune system is weak or strong By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Tue, 31 Jan 2023 17:00:00 +0000 New blood tests can reveal whether your immune system is fighting fit by looking at the balance of different immune cells, but there may be a simpler way of gauging your immune health Full Article
system Certain quantum systems may be able to defy entropy's effects forever By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Mon, 07 Oct 2024 23:00:26 +0100 A mathematical proof shows that some quantum states can resist nature’s tendency to disorder – but only under very specific conditions Full Article
system Newborns' Immune Systems Ramp Up After Birth By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Newborns' Immune Systems Ramp Up After BirthCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/24/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/27/2018 12:00:00 AM Full Article
system Monitoring System for Underage Tobacco Sales Falls Short: Study By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Monitoring System for Underage Tobacco Sales Falls Short: StudyCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/29/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/30/2018 12:00:00 AM Full Article
system What Are the Main Parts of the Male Reproductive System? By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Thu, 7 Jul 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: What Are the Main Parts of the Male Reproductive System?Category: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AM Full Article
system Impaired lung function and associated risk factors in children born prematurely: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background Immature lung development and respiratory morbidity place preterm-born children at high risk of long-term pulmonary sequelae. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify lung function in preterm-born children and identify risk factors for a compromised lung function. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus for relevant studies published on preterm cohorts born since 1990. Studies comparing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in preterm-born children aged ≥5 years to term-born controls or normative data were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Standardised mean differences in FEV1 and secondary spirometry outcomes per study were pooled using meta-analysis. The impact of different demographic and neonatal variables on studies’ FEV1 effect sizes was investigated by meta-regression analyses. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations framework. Results We identified 42 studies with unique cohorts including 4743 preterm children and 9843 controls. Median gestational age in the studies was 28.0 weeks and age at assessment ranged from 6.7 to 16.7 years. Preterm children had lower FEV1 than controls (–0.58 sd, 95% CI –0.69– –0.47 sd, p<0.001) resulting in a relative risk of 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.4) for abnormal outcome, with high certainty of evidence. FEV1 was significantly associated with gestational age, birthweight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and invasive mechanical ventilation in univariate meta-regression analyses (R2=36–96%). Conclusion This systematic review shows robust evidence of impaired lung function in preterm-born children with a high certainty of evidence. Full Article
system Epidemiology of severe asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background Severe asthma significantly impacts a minority of children with asthma, leading to frequent symptoms, hospitalisations and potential long-term health consequences. However, accurate global data on severe asthma epidemiology is lacking. This study aims to address this gap, providing data on severe asthma epidemiology, regional differences and associated comorbidities. Methods We conducted a rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis following a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023472845). We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for cohort or cross-sectional studies published since 2003, evaluating severe asthma incidence and prevalence in children. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using STROBE guidelines. Results Nine studies investigating European children with asthma (aged 5–18 years) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. The overall severe asthma prevalence in children with asthma was 3% (95% CI 1–6; I2=99.9%; p<0.001), with no significant difference between males and females. Prevalence estimates varied significantly depending on the diagnostic criteria used (Global Initiative for Asthma: 6%; European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: 1%; other: 3%). Because none of the examined studies were prospectively designed, incidence rates could not be determined. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis provide the first robust assessment of severe asthma prevalence among European children. Our findings underscore the need for comprehensive research to address knowledge gaps in severe asthma, including determining incidence rates, standardising definitions, investigating regional differences and evaluating comorbidities and treatment strategies. Full Article
system Multicomponent services for symptoms in serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-30T01:30:15-07:00 Background People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of symptoms. This review aimed to determine whether multicomponent services reduce symptoms in people with serious illness related to respiratory disease. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating multicomponent services that enrolled patients due to symptoms, rather than underlying disease, and provided at least one nonpharmacological intervention. The primary outcome was chronic breathlessness and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cough, fatigue and adverse events. At least two authors independently screened studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Results Five RCTs, involving 439 patients, were included. In comparison to usual care, multicomponent services improved breathlessness mastery (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) mastery scale, mean difference (MD) 0.43 points, 95% CI 0.20–0.67, three RCTs, 327 participants) and HRQoL (CRQ total score, MD 0.24 points, 95% CI 0.04–0.40, two RCTs, 237 participants). Fatigue did not improve with multicomponent services and no studies evaluated cough. No serious adverse events were reported. The one study evaluating mortality found increased survival in those accessing a multicomponent service. The certainty of evidence was very low, mainly due to detection and reporting bias. Conclusion Multicomponent services improve breathlessness mastery and HRQoL, with minimal risk. These findings support the use of multicomponent symptom-directed services for people living with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
system The effect of graded exercise therapy on fatigue in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background In adults with serious respiratory illness, fatigue is prevalent and under-recognised, with few treatment options. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of graded exercise therapy (GET) on fatigue in adults with serious respiratory illness. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing GET (involving incremental increases in exercise from an established baseline) in adults with serious respiratory illness. The primary outcome was fatigue and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse events. Two authors independently screened for inclusion, evaluated risk of bias and extracted data. Results 76 RCTs were included with 3309 participants, most with a diagnosis of COPD or asthma. Reductions in fatigue measured by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire fatigue domain score were demonstrated following GET consisting of aerobic with/without resistance training (mean difference (MD) 0.53 points, 95% CI 0.41–0.65, 11 RCTs, 624 participants) and GET using resistance training alone (MD 0.58 points, 95% CI 0.21–0.96, two RCTs, 82 participants) compared with usual care. Although the mean effect exceeded the minimal important difference, the lower end of the confidence intervals did not always exceed this threshold so the clinical significance could not be confirmed. GET consistently improved HRQoL in people with a range of chronic respiratory diseases on multiple HRQoL measures. No serious adverse events related to GET were reported. Conclusion GET may improve fatigue alongside consistent improvements in HRQoL in people with serious respiratory illness. These findings support the use of GET in the care of people with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
system Breathing techniques to reduce symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-30T01:30:15-07:00 Background In adults with serious respiratory illness, breathlessness is prevalent and associated with reduced health-related quality of life. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of breathing techniques on breathlessness in adults with serious respiratory illness. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials testing breathing techniques (techniques that aim to alter the respiratory pattern, excluding respiratory muscle training) in people with serious respiratory illness. The primary outcome was breathlessness and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life and adverse events. Two authors independently screened for inclusion, evaluated risk of bias and extracted data. Results 73 randomised controlled trials were included with 5479 participants, most with COPD or asthma. Breathing exercises (pursed lip and/or diaphragmatic breathing) reduced breathlessness measured by the modified Medical Research Council scale compared to usual care (mean difference (MD) –0.40 points, 95% CI –0.70– –0.11, eight studies, n=323), although the effect did not exceed the minimal important difference. Yoga breathing also improved modified Medical Research Council score compared to usual care (MD –1.05 points, 95% CI –2.45–0.35, three studies, n=175). Breathing techniques consistently improved health-related quality of life in people with COPD and asthma on multiple health-related quality of life measures in comparison to usual care, with effects that generally exceeded the minimal important difference. No adverse events related to breathing techniques were reported. Conclusion Breathing techniques may improve breathlessness, and consistently improve health-related quality of life, in people with serious respiratory illness. These findings support the use of breathing exercises in the care of people with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
system Opioids for the palliation of symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of distressing symptoms. Although opioids are prescribed for symptom management, they generate adverse events, and their benefits are unclear. Methods We examined the efficacy and safety of opioids for symptom management in people with serious respiratory illness. Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to 11 July 2022. Reports of randomised controlled trials administering opioids to treat symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness were included. Key exclusion criteria included <80% of participants having a nonmalignant lung disease. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics, outcomes of breathlessness, cough, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse events. Treatment effects were pooled using a generic inverse variance model with random effects. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 1. Results Out of 17 included trials, six were laboratory-based exercise trials (n=70), 10 were home studies measuring breathlessness in daily life (n=788) and one (n=18) was conducted in both settings. Overall certainty of evidence was "very low" to "low". Opioids reduced breathlessness intensity during laboratory exercise testing (standardised mean difference (SMD) –0.37, 95% CI –0.67– –0.07), but not breathlessness measured in daily life (SMD –0.10, 95% CI –0.64–0.44). No effects on HRQoL (SMD –0.42, 95% CI –0.98–0.13) or cough (SMD –1.42, 95% CI –3.99–1.16) were detected. In at-home studies, opioids led to increased frequency of nausea/vomiting (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.70–6.51), constipation (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.69–5.61) and drowsiness (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.86), with serious adverse events including hospitalisation and death identified. Conclusions Opioids improved exertional breathlessness in laboratory exercise studies, but did not improve breathlessness, cough or HRQoL measured in daily life at home. There were significant adverse events, which may outweigh any benefits. Full Article
system Systematic identification of interchromosomal interaction networks supports the existence of specialized RNA factories [METHODS] By genome.cshlp.org Published On :: 2024-10-29T06:46:08-07:00 Most studies of genome organization have focused on intrachromosomal (cis) contacts because they harbor key features such as DNA loops and topologically associating domains. Interchromosomal (trans) contacts have received much less attention, and tools for interrogating potential biologically relevant trans structures are lacking. Here, we develop a computational framework that uses Hi-C data to identify sets of loci that jointly interact in trans. This method, trans-C, initiates probabilistic random walks with restarts from a set of seed loci to traverse an input Hi-C contact network, thereby identifying sets of trans-contacting loci. We validate trans-C in three increasingly complex models of established trans contacts: the Plasmodium falciparum var genes, the mouse olfactory receptor "Greek islands," and the human RBM20 cardiac splicing factory. We then apply trans-C to systematically test the hypothesis that genes coregulated by the same trans-acting element (i.e., a transcription or splicing factor) colocalize in three dimensions to form "RNA factories" that maximize the efficiency and accuracy of RNA biogenesis. We find that many loci with multiple binding sites of the same DNA-binding proteins interact with one another in trans, especially those bound by factors with intrinsically disordered domains. Similarly, clustered binding of a subset of RNA-binding proteins correlates with trans interaction of the encoding loci. We observe that these trans-interacting loci are close to nuclear speckles. These findings support the existence of trans-interacting chromatin domains (TIDs) driven by RNA biogenesis. Trans-C provides an efficient computational framework for studying these and other types of trans interactions, empowering studies of a poorly understood aspect of genome architecture. Full Article
system Using Primary Health Care Electronic Medical Records to Predict Hospitalizations, Emergency Department Visits, and Mortality: A Systematic Review By www.jabfm.org Published On :: 2024-10-25T09:26:14-07:00 Introduction: High-quality primary care can reduce avoidable emergency department visits and emergency hospitalizations. The availability of electronic medical record (EMR) data and capacities for data storage and processing have created opportunities for predictive analytics. This systematic review examines studies which predict emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and mortality using EMR data from primary care. Methods: Six databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, EBM Reviews (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, Health Technology Assessment, NHS Economic Evaluation Database), Scopus, CINAHL) were searched to identify primary peer-reviewed studies in English from inception to February 5, 2020. The search was initially conducted on January 18, 2019, and updated on February 5, 2020. Results: A total of 9456 citations were double-reviewed, and 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. The predictive ability measured by C-statistics (ROC) of the best performing models from each study ranged from 0.57 to 0.95. Less than half of the included studies used artificial intelligence methods and only 7 (23%) were externally validated. Age, medical diagnoses, sex, medication use, and prior health service use were the most common predictor variables. Few studies discussed or examined the clinical utility of models. Conclusions: This review helps address critical gaps in the literature regarding the potential of primary care EMR data. Despite further work required to address bias and improve the quality and reporting of prediction models, the use of primary care EMR data for predictive analytics holds promise. Full Article
system Comparison of Binary Alcohol/Water Solvent Systems to Blood for Extractions of Blood-Contacting Medical Devices By journal.pda.org Published On :: 2024-10-22T08:20:35-07:00 The analysis of extractables and leachables and subsequent risk assessment is an important aspect of the determination of biocompatibility for many medical devices. Leachable chemicals have the potential to pose a toxicological risk to patients, and therefore it is required that they be adequately characterized and assessed for potential safety concerns. One important consideration in the assessment of leachables is the choice of a suitable simulating solvent intended to replicate the use condition for the device and its biological environment. This aspect of study design is especially difficult for blood-contacting medical devices due to the complexity of simulating the biological matrix. This publication reports a comparison of the extracting power of different binary solvent mixtures and saline in comparison with whole blood for a bloodline tubing set connected to a hemodialyzer. Ten different known extractables, spanning a range of physicochemical properties and molecular weights, were quantified. The results indicated that for low-molecular-weight analytes, a suitable exaggeration for whole blood can be obtained using a low-concentration ethanol/water mixture (20%), and in general, extracted quantity increases with the concentration of alcohol cosolvent. For polyvinylpyrrolidone, the opposite trend was observed, as solubility of the polymer was found to decrease with increasing alcohol concentration, resulting in lower extracted quantities at high alcohol concentrations. Analysis of ethanol/water concentrations in the extract solutions post extraction indicated no change in solvent composition. Full Article
system Evaluating Drug-Drug Interaction Risk Associated with Peptide Analogs Using advanced In Vitro Systems [Special Section on New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part II] By dmd.aspetjournals.org Published On :: 2024-10-16T09:02:03-07:00 Drug–drug interaction (DDI) assessment of therapeutic peptides is an evolving area. The industry generally follows DDI guidelines for small molecules, but the translation of data generated with commonly used in vitro systems to in vivo is sparse. In the current study, we investigated the ability of advanced human hepatocyte in vitro systems, namely HepatoPac, spheroids, and Liver-on-a-chip, to assess potential changes in regulation of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, SLCO1B1, and ABCC2 in the presence of selected therapeutic peptides, proteins, and small molecules. The peptide NN1177, a glucagon and GLP-1 receptor co-agonist, did not suppress mRNA expression or activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 in HepatoPac, spheroids, or Liver-on-a-chip; these findings were in contrast to the data obtained in sandwich cultured hepatocytes. No effect of NN1177 on SLCO1B1 and ABCC2 mRNA was observed in any of the complex systems. The induction magnitude differed across the systems (e.g., rifampicin induction of CYP3A4 mRNA ranged from 2.8-fold in spheroids to 81.2-fold in Liver-on-a-chip). Small molecules, obeticholic acid and abemaciclib, showed varying responses in HepatoPac, spheroids, and Liver-on-a-chip, indicating a need for EC50 determinations to fully assess translatability data. HepatoPac, the most extensively investigated in this study (3 donors), showed high potential to investigate DDIs associated with CYP regulation by therapeutic peptides. Spheroids and Liver-on-a-chip were only assessed in one hepatocyte donor and further evaluations are required to confirm their potential. This study establishes an excellent foundation toward the establishment of more clinically-relevant in vitro tools for evaluation of potential DDIs with therapeutic peptides. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT At present, there are no guidelines for drug–drug interaction (DDI) assessment of therapeutic peptides. Existing in vitro methods recommended for assessing small molecule DDIs do not appear to translate well for peptide drugs, complicating drug development for these moieties. Here, we establish evidence that complex cellular systems have potential to be used as more clinically-relevant tools for the in vitro DDI evaluation of therapeutic peptides. Full Article
system Delays in Cardiovascular Emergency Responses in Africa: Health System Failures or Cultural Challenges? By ghspjournal.org Published On :: 2024-10-29T12:28:39-07:00 Full Article
system Maturity Assessment of the Health Information System Using Stages of Continuous Improvement Methodology: Results From Serbia By ghspjournal.org Published On :: 2024-10-29T12:28:39-07:00 ABSTRACTIntroduction:Since the health information system (HIS) in public health care services in Serbia was introduced in 2009, it has gradually expanded. However, it is unclear how well the HIS components have developed and the whole system’s stage of maturity.Method:In June–September 2021, a maturity assessment of the Serbian HIS was conducted for the first time using the HIS Stages of Continuous Improvement (SOCI) toolkit. The toolkit measures HIS status across 5 HIS domains: leadership and governance, management and workforce, information and communication technology (ICT), standards and interoperability, and data quality and use. The domains were further divided into 13 components and 39 subcomponents whose maturity stage was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating the level of development: (1) emerging/ad hoc; (2) repeatable; (3) defined; (4) managed; and (5) optimized. The toolkit was applied in a working group of 32 professionals and experts who were engaged in developing the new national eHealth strategy and action plan.Results:The overall maturity score of the Serbian HIS was 1.6, which indicates a low level. The highest baseline score (2) was given to the standards and interoperability domain, and the lowest (1.1) was given to ICT infrastructure. The remaining 3 domains (leadership and governance, Management and Workforce, and Data Quality and Use) were similarly rated (1.7, 1.7, and 1.6, respectively).Conclusion:A baseline assessment of the maturity level of Serbian HIS indicates that the majority of components are between the emerging/ad hoc stage and repeatable, which represent isolated, ad hoc efforts, with some basic processes in place and existing and accessible policies. This exercise provided an opportunity to address identified weaknesses in the upcoming national eHealth strategy. Full Article
system Antenatal Care Interventions to Increase Contraceptive Use Following Birth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis By ghspjournal.org Published On :: 2024-10-29T12:28:39-07:00 ABSTRACTIntroduction:Health risks associated with short interpregnancy intervals, coupled with women’s desires to avoid pregnancy following childbirth, underscore the need for effective postpartum family planning programs. The antenatal period provides an opportunity to intervene; however, evidence is limited on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reaching women in the antenatal period to increase voluntary postpartum family planning in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review aimed to identify and describe interventions in LMICs that attempted to increase postpartum contraceptive use via contacts with pregnant women in the antenatal period.Methods:Studies published from January 2012 to July 2022 were considered if they were conducted in LMICs, evaluated an intervention delivered during the antenatal period, were designed to affect postpartum contraceptive use, were experimental or quasi-experimental, and were published in French or English. The main outcome of interest was postpartum contraceptive use within 1 year after birth, defined as the use of any method of contraception at the time of data collection. We searched EMBASE, Global Health, and Medline and manually searched the reference lists from studies included in the full-text screening.Results:We double-screened 771 records and included 34 reports on 31 unique interventions in the review. Twenty-three studies were published from 2018 on, with 21 studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately half of the study designs (n=16) were randomized controlled trials, and half (n=15) were quasi-experimental. Interventions were heterogeneous. Among the 24 studies that reported on the main outcome of interest, 18 reported a positive intervention effect, with intervention recipients having greater contraceptive use in the first year postpartum.Conclusion:While the studies in this systematic review were heterogeneous, the findings suggest that interventions that included a multifaceted package of initiatives appeared to be most likely to have a positive effect. Full Article
system A Cosmopolitan Argument for Temporary “Diagonal” Short-Term Surgical Missions as a Component of Surgical Systems Strengthening By ghspjournal.org Published On :: 2024-10-29T12:28:39-07:00 Full Article
system Factors Influencing the Central Nervous System (CNS) Distribution of the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related Inhibitor Elimusertib (BAY1895344): Implications for the Treatment of CNS Tumors [Metabolism, Transport, and Pharmacogenetics] By jpet.aspetjournals.org Published On :: 2024-10-18T07:04:15-07:00 Glioblastoma (GBM) is a disease of the whole brain, with infiltrative tumor cells protected by an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). GBM has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment, in part due to the lack of adequate drug permeability at the BBB. Standard of care GBM therapies include radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy that lead to DNA damage. Subsequent activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways can induce resistance. Various DDR inhibitors, targeting the key regulators of these pathways such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR), are being explored as radio- and chemosensitizers. Elimusertib, a novel ATR kinase inhibitor, can prevent repair of damaged DNA, increasing efficacy of DNA-damaging cytotoxic therapies. Robust synergy was observed in vitro when elimusertib was combined with the DNA-damaging agent temozolomide; however, we did not observe improvement with this combination in in vivo efficacy studies in GBM orthotopic tumor-bearing mice. This in vitro–in vivo disconnect was explored to understand factors influencing central nervous system (CNS) distribution of elimusertib and reasons for lack of efficacy. We observed that elimusertib is rapidly cleared from systemic circulation in mice and would not maintain adequate exposure in the CNS for efficacious combination therapy with temozolomide. CNS distribution of elimusertib is partially limited by P-glycoprotein efflux at the BBB, and high binding to CNS tissues leads to low levels of pharmacologically active (unbound) drug in the brain. Acknowledging the potential for interspecies differences in pharmacokinetics, these data suggest that clinical translation of elimusertib in combination with temozolomide for treatment of GBM may be limited. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study examined the disconnect between the in vitro synergy and in vivo efficacy of elimusertib/temozolomide combination therapy by exploring systemic and central nervous system (CNS) distributional pharmacokinetics. Results indicate that the lack of improvement in in vivo efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models could be attributed to inadequate exposure of pharmacologically active drug concentrations in the CNS. These observations can guide further exploration of elimusertib for the treatment of GBM or other CNS tumors. Full Article
system Nitric Oxide Signaling and Regulation in the Cardiovascular System: Recent Advances [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section] By pharmrev.aspetjournals.org Published On :: 2024-10-16T07:40:25-07:00 Nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial NO synthase importantly contributes to vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO production or increased scavenging during disease conditions with oxidative stress contribute to endothelial dysfunction and NO deficiency. In addition to the classical enzymatic NO synthases (NOS) system, NO can also be generated via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Dietary and pharmacological approaches aimed at increasing NO bioactivity, especially in the cardiovascular system, have been the focus of much research since the discovery of this small gaseous signaling molecule. Despite wide appreciation of the biological role of NOS/NO signaling, questions still remain about the chemical nature of NOS-derived bioactivity. Recent studies show that NO-like bioactivity can be efficiently transduced by mobile NO-ferroheme species, which can transfer between proteins, partition into a hydrophobic phase, and directly activate the soluble guanylyl cyclase-cGMP-protein kinase G pathway without intermediacy of free NO. Moreover, interaction between red blood cells and the endothelium in the regulation of vascular NO homeostasis have gained much attention, especially in conditions with cardiometabolic disease. In this review we discuss both classical and nonclassical pathways for NO generation in the cardiovascular system and how these can be modulated for therapeutic purposes. Significance Statement After four decades of intensive research, questions persist about the transduction and control of nitric oxide (NO) synthase bioactivity. Here we discuss NO signaling in cardiovascular health and disease, highlighting new findings, such as the important role of red blood cells in cardiovascular NO homeostasis. Nonclassical signaling modes, like the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and therapeutic opportunities related to the NO system are discussed. Existing and potential pharmacological treatments/strategies, as well as dietary components influencing NO generation and signaling are covered. Full Article
system Novel inherited CDX2 variant segregating in a family with diverse congenital malformations of the genitourinary system [RAPID COMMUNICATION] By molecularcasestudies.cshlp.org Published On :: 2024-01-10T08:13:38-08:00 Anorectal malformations (ARMs) constitute a group of congenital defects of the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. They affect males and females, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1 in 5000 live births. These malformations are clinically heterogeneous and can be part of a syndromic presentation (syndromic ARM) or as a nonsyndromic entity (nonsyndromic ARM). Despite the well-recognized heritability of nonsyndromic ARM, the genetic etiology in most patients is unknown. In this study, we describe three siblings with diverse congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, anemia, delayed milestones, and skeletal anomalies. Genome sequencing identified a novel, paternally inherited heterozygous Caudal type Homeobox 2 (CDX2) variant (c.722A > G (p.Glu241Gly)), that was present in all three affected siblings. The variant identified in this family is absent from population databases and predicted to be damaging by most in silico pathogenicity tools. So far, only two other reports implicate variants in CDX2 with ARMs. Remarkably, the individuals described in these studies had similar clinical phenotypes and genetic alterations in CDX2. CDX2 encodes a transcription factor and is considered the master regulator of gastrointestinal development. This variant maps to the homeobox domain of the encoded protein, which is critical for interaction with DNA targets. Our finding provides a potential molecular diagnosis for this family's condition and supports the role of CDX2 in anorectal anomalies. It also highlights the clinical heterogeneity and variable penetrance of ARM predisposition variants, another well-documented phenomenon. Finally, it underscores the diagnostic utility of genomic profiling of ARMs to identify the genetic etiology of these defects. Full Article
system Information needs for GPs on type 2 diabetes in Western countries: a systematic review By bjgp.org Published On :: 2024-10-31T16:05:26-07:00 BackgroundMost people with type 2 diabetes receive treatment in primary care by GPs who are not specialised in diabetes. Thus, it is important to uncover the most essential information needs regarding type 2 diabetes in general practice.AimTo identify information needs related to type 2 diabetes for GPs.Design and settingSystematic review focused on literature relating to Western countries.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched from inception to January 2024. Two researchers conducted the selection process, and citation searches were performed to identify any relevant articles missed by the database search. Quality appraisal was conducted with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Meaning units were coded individually, grouped into categories, and then studies were summarised within the context of these categories using narrative synthesis. An evidence map was created to highlight research gaps.ResultsThirty-nine included studies revealed eight main categories and 36 subcategories of information needs. Categories were organised into a comprehensive hierarchical model of information needs, suggesting ‘Knowledge of guidelines’ and ‘Reasons for referral’ as general information needs alongside more specific needs on ‘Medication’, ‘Management’, ‘Complications’, ‘Diagnosis’, ‘Risk factors’, and ‘Screening for diabetes’. The evidence map provides readers with the opportunity to explore the characteristics of the included studies in detail.ConclusionThis systematic review provides GPs, policymakers, and researchers with a hierarchical model of information and educational needs for GPs, and an evidence map showing gaps in the current literature. Information needs about clinical guidelines and reasons for referral to specialised care overlapped with needs for more specific information. Full Article
system Chest Pain in Primary Care: A Systematic Review of Risk Stratification Tools to Rule Out Acute Coronary Syndrome [Systematic Review] By www.annfammed.org Published On :: 2024-09-23T14:00:14-07:00 PURPOSE Chest pain frequently poses a diagnostic challenge for general practitioners (GPs). Utilizing risk stratification tools might help GPs to rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and make appropriate referral decisions. We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating risk stratification tools for chest pain in primary care settings, both with and without troponin assays. Our aims were to assess the performance of tools for ruling out ACS and to provide a comprehensive review of the current evidence. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for articles up to October 9, 2023 concerning adult patients with acute chest pain in primary care settings, for whom risk stratification tools (clinical decision rules [CDRs] and/or single biomarker tests) were used. To identify eligible studies, a combination of active learning and backward snowballing was applied. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment (following the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool) were performed independently by 2 researchers. RESULTS Of the 1,204 studies screened, 14 were included in the final review. Nine studies validated 7 different CDRs without troponin. Sensitivities ranged from 75.0% to 97.0%, and negative predictive values (NPV) ranged from 82.4% to 99.7%. None of the CDRs outperformed the unaided judgment of GP’s. Five studies reported on strategies using troponin measurements. Studies using high-sensitivity troponin showed highest diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity 83.3% to 100% and NPV 98.8% to 100%. CONCLUSION Clinical decision rules without troponin and the use of conventional troponin showed insufficient sensitivity to rule out ACS in primary care and are not recommended as standalone tools. High-sensitivity troponin strategies are promising, but studies are limited. Further prospective validation in primary care is needed before implementation. Full Article
system [Developmental Biology] Glial Cell Development and Function in the Zebrafish Central Nervous System By cshperspectives.cshlp.org Published On :: 2024-11-01T06:50:52-07:00 Over the past decades the zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model organism with which to study the biology of all glial cell types in nervous system development, plasticity, and regeneration. In this review, which builds on the earlier work by Lyons and Talbot in 2015, we will summarize how the relative ease to manipulate the zebrafish genome and its suitability for intravital imaging have helped understand principles of glial cell biology with a focus on oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes. We will highlight recent findings on the diverse properties and functions of these glial cell types in the central nervous system and discuss open questions and future directions of the field. Full Article
system A system on the brink [Humanities] By www.cmaj.ca Published On :: 2024-11-11T21:05:15-08:00 Full Article
system 'Systematic racism' in social work in Scotland to be addressed in review after report By www.heraldscotland.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 15:23:47 +0000 A national review of social work in Scotland has been launched in a bid to address ‘systemic racism’ within the sector. Full Article
system Fire chiefs hail £30m investment in ‘whole new level’ 999 emergency system By www.heraldscotland.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 11:48:39 +0000 The technology will deliver enhanced day-to-day and major incident response capability Full Article
system The Monster Hunter Wilds beta is live with an early glimpse of the new camping, wound and weather systems By www.rockpapershotgun.com Published On :: Fri, 01 Nov 2024 16:17:07 +0000 Stroll on down to Uncle Capcom's garage, girls and boys, because it's time to meddle with a cat's voicebox, ride a combat peacock and meticulously injure a vast, blubbery teddybear. By which I mean, the Monster Hunter Wilds beta is now live on Steam through to 4th November at 2.59am GMT. That's 2.59am sharp. If you're hurrying along at 3am on Monday absolutely desperate to polish the aesthetics of a small enslaved catperson, you can sod off and play Dragon Age: The Veilguard instead. Read more Full Article Third person Monster Hunter Wilds RPG Single Player Hack & Slash Capcom
system Oh thank Horace, our comments system is up and running again By www.rockpapershotgun.com Published On :: Wed, 06 Nov 2024 13:32:26 +0000 "Never read the comments," is a truth much-rehearsed by senior games journalists, but I have long since levelled-up past this axiom and entered into a new world of benevolent narcissism. I always read the comments, for all commenters are my children. They exist to glorify and preserve me in my dotage. True, occasionally my children say things like "I think your writing and opinions are appalling, and that you deserve to be repeatedly run over by a herd of deer", but it is the nature of children to rebel. Read more Full Article comments
system Deep sea evolution simulator Ecosystem gives each creature its own synthetic DNA, and it’s out now after years in early access By www.rockpapershotgun.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 10:36:19 +0000 Let’s try and get you up to speed on the fascinating oddity that is simulation game Ecosystem, on the off chance that Nate's coverage of it hasn't stuck with you like an unwelcome brain parasite you’re nonetheless unwilling to get removed for fear of the lingering emptiness it might cause (he once described an eel as “a quaver with erectile dysfunction”). Broadly speaking, this game is Spore’s evolutionary-biology-degree-having cousin. It’s been in early access for about three years now, but with the latest "Crustacean" update, it’s just hit 1.0. Once again, carcinization has come for all things. Read more Full Article Strategy Indie Simulation Ecosystem Bird view / Isometric Single Player
system Could we take the entire solar system on a voyage through space? By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Tue, 06 Aug 2024 15:32:43 +0100 To transport our planet across the universe, we would need to bring the whole solar system to sustain life on Earth – on this episode of Dead Planets Society, our hosts contemplate how to shepherd all that baggage on this scenic journey Full Article
system Strange binary star system has three Earth-sized exoplanets By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 09:00:10 +0100 Exoplanets in binary star systems usually orbit both stars, but astronomers have now spotted three planets orbiting one or the other star in a pair Full Article
system Search for alien transmissions in promising star system draws a blank By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Thu, 26 Sep 2024 19:00:49 +0100 Astronomers listened for radio signals emanating from planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system, but found no evidence of any interplanetary communications Full Article
system New Scientist recommends Brian Cox's new series, Solar System By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Wed, 16 Oct 2024 19:00:00 +0100 The books, TV, games and more that New Scientist staff have enjoyed this week Full Article