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Immune system discovery paves way to lengthen organ transplant survival: Study




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Breakthrough: The Dramatic Story of the Discovery of Insulin

Recalling the desperate fight for life that used to be waged by juvenile diabetes patients, and commemorating the events of 1921 that inaugurated a new era of hope for them and their families, the New-York Historical Society will present the exhibition Breakthrough: The Dramatic Story of the Discovery of Insulin from October 5, 2010 through January 31, 2011. Exploring the roles of science, government, higher education and industry in developing and distributing a life-saving drug, the exhibition will bring to life the personalities who discovered insulin and raced to bring it to the world and will tell the story of one extraordinary New York girl—Elizabeth Evans Hughes, daughter of the leading statesman and jurist Charles Evans Hughes—who was among the very first patients to be saved.

End Date: 
January 31st, 2011
Oct 5 2010 to Jan 31 2011
Teaser Image: 
Tuesday, October 5, 2010 to Monday, January 31, 2011
Start Date: 
Tuesday, October 5, 2010
Teaser Image Caption: 

Girl injecting herself with insulin (Lilly Girl), 1930. Photograph. Courtesy of Eli Lilly and Company Archives

Recalling the desperate fight for life that used to be waged by juvenile diabetes patients, and commemorating the events of 1921 that inaugurated a new era of hope for them and their families, the New-York Historical Society will present the exhibition Breakthrough: The Dramatic Story of the Discovery of Insulin from October 5, 2010 through January 31, 2011. Exploring the roles of science, government, higher education and industry in developing and distributing a life-saving drug, the exhibition will bring to life the personalities who discovered insulin and raced to bring it to the world and will tell the story of one extraordinary New York girl—Elizabeth Evans Hughes, daughter of the leading statesman and jurist Charles Evans Hughes—who was among the very first patients to be saved.

To lead visitors through this history, from the discovery of insulin in Toronto by Dr. Frederick Banting in 1921 and its first human trials in 1922 to its widespread use today, Breakthrough will feature digital interactives, film, artifacts and ephemera drawn from the Historical Society's own collections and from archives including those of the University of Toronto, Eli Lilly and Company, the Rockefeller Institute, the Joslin Clinic and the New York Academy of Medicine.

The first chapter will recount the excitement, and the clash of personalities, among the scientists whose research led to the discovery of insulin, beginning in May 1921. Also included in this chapter will be an account of the valiant but heartbreaking efforts of Dr. Frederick Allen in the years before the discovery to prolong the lives of diabetic children through the use of a starvation diet. The story of Elizabeth Evans Hughes, told in part through actual treatment charts and period letters, will bring to life the impact of insulin when it first became available. Because Elizabeth was the daughter of Charles Evans Hughes—Governor of New York (1907–1910), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1910–1916), United States Secretary of State (1921–1925) and Chief Justice of the United States (1930–1941)—her survival provided powerful testimony to the value of insulin, and helped bring the work of Dr. Allen and Dr. Banting to the world's stage.

The exhibition's second chapter will examine how insulin became available for widespread medical use through a partnership between the University of Toronto and Eli Lilly and Company—the first such collaboration between an academic institution and a drug company. Photographs from the Lilly archives will reveal the painstaking early method of manufacturing insulin in mass quantities—an innovative industrial process that ran from the slaughterhouse to the laboratory. Display cases of syringes, vials, testing kits for blood sugar and other equipment will take the story of insulin treatment from the 1920s up through today.

The exhibition's final chapter will tell about recent developments—notably the synthesis of insulin in the 1980s as the world's first biotechnology drug—and the current state of research, development, treatment and demography of diabetes. Included in this chapter will be information about the alarming increase in prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the past decade, and the ways in which individuals, families and institutions can address this health crisis. The exhibition will conclude with a presentation of Life for a Child, a documentary film produced by the International Diabetes Federation and Eli Lilly and Company to raise awareness of the devastating impact of the disease.

Breakthrough will be installed in the Historical Society's 1,300-square-foot temporary gallery, located just off the 77th Street entrance, while the remainder of the landmark Central Park West building undergoes a $60 million architectural renovation.

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New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War

New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War is the final exhibition in the New-York Historical Society's groundbreaking series on slavery and its impact on the people, landscape, institutions and economy of New York. New York Divided offers a bold look at one of the most challenging periods in New York City's history, when it was torn by the violence of the 1863 draft riots, produced some of the most significant figures in the abolitionist movement, and became the economic engine of the country. Featuring precious historical artifacts, many never displayed before, as well as an online exhibit, the exhibition examines New York's little-known history.

End Date: 
September 3rd, 2007
Nov 17 2006 to Sep 3 2007
Teaser Image: 
Friday, November 17, 2006 to Monday, September 3, 2007
Start Date: 
Friday, November 17, 2006
Teaser Image Caption: 

"Band of the 107th U.S. Colored Infantry," 1865.

New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War is the final exhibition in the New-York Historical Society's groundbreaking series on slavery and its impact on the people, landscape, institutions and economy of New York. New York Divided offers a bold look at one of the most challenging periods in New York City's history, when it was torn by the violence of the 1863 draft riots, produced some of the most significant figures in the abolitionist movement, and became the economic engine of the country. Featuring precious historical artifacts, many never displayed before, as well as an online exhibit, the exhibition examines New York's little-known history.

Few non-historians recall that during the "secession winter" of 1860-61, pro-Southern voices (including New York City's Mayor Fernando Wood) called for the City's declaration of independence from both the North and the South, aiming to preserve its role as a great port for both sections. New York was a virtual "Capital of the South," with major commercial and political ties to Southern slavery and, at the same time, a major center of the nation's abolitionist movement. The exhibition traces the evolution of New York's rise to national and global economic power and its relationship to the nation's confrontation with issues of slavery and racial inequality against the backdrop of the Civil War. New York Divided shows how the momentum of emancipation was interrupted by the emergence of the cotton revolution, and enhances the public understanding of the efforts of New Yorkers—black and white—in the struggle for freedom that presaged the civil rights movement of the 20th century.

The exhibition is a follow-up to last fall's groundbreaking, highly acclaimed exhibition, Slavery in New York. This is not the American history most of us grew up learning. Exciting new discoveries have upended our understanding of the national past, including that of New York City and State. New York Divided brings the exciting research recently unearthed by scholars to a broad audience. We hope that visitors to this exhibition will have learned something new from their visit, made important connections to the past and the present-day lives and be inspired to action.




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Everything you always wanted to know about touch icons

“Touch icons” are the favicons of mobile devices and tablets. Adding them to your web page is relatively easy, but it gets more complicated as you target different devices and firmware versions. Let’s dive in!




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Delhi's UP Bhawan Control Room gets over 2,000 calls every day




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TECNO launches 'doorstep delivery' with 35,000 retailers




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Online booking, home delivery of liquor to begin in West Bengal




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Developments at KMC very disturbing: WB Guv on Firhad Hakim's appointed




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Mizoram becomes coronavirus-free state with recovery of lone patient

Mizoram Health Minister Dr R Lalthangliana said the state's lone Covid-19 patient, a pastor, was discharged from Zoram Medical College (ZMC) on Saturday afternoon after 45 days of intense treatment




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Visakhapatnam gas leak: LG Polymers apologises, offers ‘every support’ to affected

Visakhapatnam gas leak: LG Polymers apologises, offers ‘every support’ to affected




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Punjab CM urges PM Modi to institute a National Bravery Award to honour Sahibzada Baba Fateh Singh




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Will ensure delivery of essentials to people amid curfew, says Jalandhar DM




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Punjab govt directs district commissioners to ensure door-to-door delivery of basic commodities during lockdown




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Punjab cop stable after surgery, recovery to take time: Director, PGIMER Chandigarh




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Home delivery services stopped in Ludhiana




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2 coronavirus patients in Punjab on 'recovery path'




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Punjab Excise Dept issues new guidelines for home delivery of liquor




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Ludhiana DM allows restaurants, eateries to open up for home delivery from 7 am to 7 pm




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Restaurants, eateries open for home delivery in Ludhiana




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‘10 minutes at 10 a.m. every Sunday’

The GHMC is taking up a novel initiative to eradicate mosquitoes and larvae ahead of the monsoon, whereby every Sunday, citizens will be encouraged t




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How India can make its economic recovery clean, sustainable post Covid-19

The renewable sector holds the key to not only offsetting the job losses due to the pandemic, but also making the recovery sustainable




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'The virus will circulate for a very long time'

'Despite expanded testing the incidence remains low.' 'Therefore, the focus should be on specific districts where we need to improve the testing.' 'We should have a district-centric strategy.'





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'The virus will circulate for a very long time'

'Despite expanded testing the incidence remains low.'





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First synthesis of a unique icosahedral phase from the Khatyrka meteorite by shock-recovery experiment

Icosahedral quasicrystals (i-phases) in the Al–Cu–Fe system are of great interest because of their perfect quasicrystalline structure and natural occurrences in the Khatyrka meteorite. The natural quasicrystal of composition Al62Cu31Fe7, referred to as i-phase II, is unique because it deviates significantly from the stability field of i-phase and has not been synthesized in a laboratory setting to date. Synthetic i-phases formed in shock-recovery experiments present a novel strategy for exploring the stability of new quasicrystal compositions and prove the impact origin of natural quasicrystals. In this study, an Al–Cu–W graded density impactor (GDI, originally manufactured as a ramp-generating impactor but here used as a target) disk was shocked to sample a full range of Al/Cu starting ratios in an Fe-bearing 304 stainless-steel target chamber. In a strongly deformed region of the recovered sample, reactions between the GDI and the steel produced an assemblage of co-existing Al61.5Cu30.3Fe6.8Cr1.4 i-phase II + stolperite (β, AlCu) + khatyrkite (θ, Al2Cu), an exact match to the natural i-phase II assemblage in the meteorite. In a second experiment, the continuous interface between the GDI and steel formed another more Fe-rich quinary i-phase (Al68.6Fe14.5Cu11.2Cr4Ni1.8), together with stolperite and hollisterite (λ, Al13Fe4), which is the expected assemblage at phase equilibrium. This study is the first laboratory reproduction of i-phase II with its natural assemblage. It suggests that the field of thermodynamically stable icosahedrite (Al63Cu24Fe13) could separate into two disconnected fields under shock pressure above 20 GPa, leading to the co-existence of Fe-rich and Fe-poor i-phases like the case in Khatyrka. In light of this, shock-recovery experiments do indeed offer an efficient method of constraining the impact conditions recorded by quasicrystal-bearing meteorite, and exploring formation conditions and mechanisms leading to quasicrystals.




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Antibody fragments structurally enable a drug-discovery campaign on the cancer target Mcl-1

Apoptosis is a crucial process by which multicellular organisms control tissue growth, removal and inflammation. Disruption of the normal apoptotic function is often observed in cancer, where cell death is avoided by the overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) family, including Mcl-1 (myeloid cell leukaemia 1). This makes Mcl-1 a potential target for drug therapy, through which normal apoptosis may be restored by inhibiting the protective function of Mcl-1. Here, the discovery and biophysical properties of an anti-Mcl-1 antibody fragment are described and the utility of both the scFv and Fab are demonstrated in generating an Mcl-1 crystal system amenable to iterative structure-guided drug design.




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Application of a high-throughput microcrystal delivery system to serial femtosecond crystallography

Microcrystal delivery methods are pivotal in the use of serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) to resolve the macromolecular structures of proteins. Here, the development of a novel technique and instruments for efficiently delivering microcrystals for SFX are presented. The new method, which relies on a one-dimensional fixed-target system that includes a microcrystal container, consumes an extremely low amount of sample compared with conventional two-dimensional fixed-target techniques at ambient temperature. This novel system can deliver soluble microcrystals without highly viscous carrier media and, moreover, can be used as a microcrystal growth device for SFX. Diffraction data collection utilizing this advanced technique along with a real-time visual servo scan system has been successfully demonstrated for the structure determination of proteinase K microcrystals at 1.85 Å resolution.




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Howdy everyone!




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Discovery triples number of stars in universe

The team discovered that there are about 20 times more red dwarfs in elliptical galaxies than in the Milky Way, said Charlie Conroy of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

The post Discovery triples number of stars in universe appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Very Large Baseline Array telescope is helping Smithsonian astronomers remap Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies

Recent work has added dozens of new measurements to star-forming regions in the Milky Way. These measurements have changed the map of the Milky Way, indicating our galaxy has four spiral arms, not two, as previously thought.

The post Very Large Baseline Array telescope is helping Smithsonian astronomers remap Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Evidence of asteroid mining in our galaxy may lead to the discovery of extraterrestrial civilizations

If intelligent and more advanced civilizations exist on other planets then its a good bet that some of these civilizations turned to asteroid mining long ago. If so, the hallmarks of their mining activities, such as unusual dirty halos of cast-off dust and debris around large asteroids, might be detectable from earth.

The post Evidence of asteroid mining in our galaxy may lead to the discovery of extraterrestrial civilizations appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Space shuttle Discovery to be added to National Air and Space Museum collection

Discovery, the longest-serving orbiter in the space shuttle fleet, will be accepted into the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum collection. The space shuttle has been the icon for American spaceflight for a generation, and Discovery has flown every type of mission during its 27-year career.

The post Space shuttle Discovery to be added to National Air and Space Museum collection appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Giant prehistoric turtle from Colombia chomped everything in sight–including crocodiles!

The specimen’s skull measures 24 centimeters, roughly the size of a regulation NFL football. The shell which was recovered nearby – and is believed to belong to the same species – measures 172 centimeters, or about 5 feet 7 inches, long.

The post Giant prehistoric turtle from Colombia chomped everything in sight–including crocodiles! appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Discovery of new prehistoric mosquitoes reveal these blood-suckers have changed little in 46 million years

Found in well preserved shale deposits the fossils are so detailed that scientists were able to determine they represent two previously unknown species.

The post Discovery of new prehistoric mosquitoes reveal these blood-suckers have changed little in 46 million years appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.



  • Dinosaurs & Fossils
  • Science & Nature
  • insects
  • National Museum of Natural History
  • new species

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Ancient mummies reveal atherosclerosis is very likely just a part of aging

Cheeseburgers. Ice cream. French fries. These are a few of the culprits, doctors warn us, responsible for atherosclerosis, a disease commonly known as hardening of […]

The post Ancient mummies reveal atherosclerosis is very likely just a part of aging appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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New method of finding planets scores first discovery

Detecting alien worlds presents a significant challenge since they are small, faint, and close to their stars. The two most prolific techniques for finding exoplanets […]

The post New method of finding planets scores first discovery appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Discovery: Turtle shells appeared 40 million years earlier than previously believed

Unique among Earth’s creatures, turtles are the only animals to form a shell on the outside of their bodies through a fusion of modified ribs, […]

The post Discovery: Turtle shells appeared 40 million years earlier than previously believed appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Nest discovery turns back the clock to days of Daniel Boone and Colonial America

Paddling the remote oxbow lakes and bayous of the White River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas, the team of scientists was seeking proof of a […]

The post Nest discovery turns back the clock to days of Daniel Boone and Colonial America appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.





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The Submillimeter Array: Celebrating a decade of discovery

Ten years ago, eight antennas on the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawai’i, united to form a telescope unlike any other. Since then the Submillimeter Array […]

The post The Submillimeter Array: Celebrating a decade of discovery appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Volunteers needed to preserve astronomical history and promote discovery

Before iPhones and laptops there were human computers, some of whom worked at the Harvard College Observatory. Women like Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Williamina Fleming, and […]

The post Volunteers needed to preserve astronomical history and promote discovery appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Mismatched Twin Stars Spotted in the Delivery Room

The majority of stars in our galaxy come in pairs. In particular, the most massive stars usually have a companion. These fraternal twins tend to […]

The post Mismatched Twin Stars Spotted in the Delivery Room appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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DISCOVERY MEASURES “HEARTBEATS” OF A DISTANT GALAXY’S STARS

In many ways stars are like living beings. They’re born; they live; they die. And they even have a heartbeat. Using a novel technique, astronomers […]

The post DISCOVERY MEASURES “HEARTBEATS” OF A DISTANT GALAXY’S STARS appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Discovery: trap-jaw spiders snap prey with super-spidey speed and power

New high-speed videos of 14 species of tiny Mecysmaucheniid “trap-jaw” spiders have revealed that some species can snap their mouth parts shut at incredibly fast […]

The post Discovery: trap-jaw spiders snap prey with super-spidey speed and power appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Smithsonian Discovery: 46-million-year-old beetle had zinc jaws

Remember the scene in Moonraker where Robert Kiel, as the steel-toothed character Jaws, bites through a tram cable that sends Roger Moore’s James Bond sprawling? […]

The post Smithsonian Discovery: 46-million-year-old beetle had zinc jaws appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Smithsonian Expert Urges Caution, Patience on Blue Crab Recovery

The results are in, 2016 is going to be a good year for blue crabs in the Chesapeake Bay. An iconic figure embedded in the […]

The post Smithsonian Expert Urges Caution, Patience on Blue Crab Recovery appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Discovery: Biodiversity shields fish communities from warming

In a recently completed survey of more than 3,000 fish species in 44 countries around the world marine biologists have discovered that communities with a […]

The post Discovery: Biodiversity shields fish communities from warming appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Discovery in Smithsonian collection broadens understanding of rare North American leech

Thanks to a recent reassessment of specimens preserved in jars of alcohol at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, New Hampshire is now on […]

The post Discovery in Smithsonian collection broadens understanding of rare North American leech appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.




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Discovery: Australia’s invasive cane toads modify their bodies to conquer new territory faster

In 1935, 101 cane toads from Hawaii were set loose in Australia to help control beetles that were decimating the Australian sugar crop. But instead […]

The post Discovery: Australia’s invasive cane toads modify their bodies to conquer new territory faster appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.