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Class Notes: Unequal Internet Access, Employment at Older Ages, and More

This week in Class Notes: The digital divide—the correlation between income and home internet access —explains much of the inequality we observe in people's ability to self-isolate. The labor force participation rate among older Americans and the age at which they claim Social Security retirement benefits have risen in recent years. Higher minimum wages lead to a greater prevalence…

       




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Urban growth and access to opportunities in Latin America

Many social scientists view urbanization as the distinctive hallmark of economic development. Urban growth, however, is also associated with congestion costs such as traffic jams, higher levels of pollution, housing costs, and crime rates. Further, migration of low-income rural families in search of better opportunities increases poverty and inequality within cities. The well-being of a…

       




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Moving to Access: Is the current transport model broken?

For several generations, urban transportation policymakers and practitioners around the world favored a “mobility” approach, aimed at moving people and vehicles as fast as possible by reducing congestion. The limits of such an approach, however, have become more apparent over time, as residents struggle to reach workplaces, schools, hospitals, shopping, and numerous other destinations in…

       




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Universal Service Fund Reform: Expanding Broadband Internet Access in the United States


Executive Summary

Two-thirds of Americans have broadband Internet access in their homes.[1] But because of poor infrastructure or high prices, the remaining third of Americans do not. In some areas, broadband Internet is plainly unavailable because of inadequate infrastructure: More than 14 million Americans – approximately 5 percent of the total population – live in areas where terrestrial (as opposed to mobile) fixed broadband connectivity is unavailable.[2] The effects of insufficient infrastructure development have contributed to racial and cultural disparities in broadband access; for example, terrestrial broadband is available to only 10 percent of residents on tribal lands.[3]

Even where terrestrial broadband connectivity is available, however, the high price of broadband service can be prohibitive, especially to lower income Americans. While 93 percent of adults earning more than $75,000 per year are wired for broadband at home, the terrestrial broadband adoption rate is only 40 percent among adults earning less than $20,000 annually.[4] These costs also contribute to racial disparities; almost 70 percent of whites have adopted terrestrial broadband at home,   but only 59 percent of blacks and 49 percent of Hispanics have done the same.[5]

America's wireless infrastructure is better developed, but many Americans still lack wireless broadband coverage. According to a recent study, 3G wireless networks cover a good portion of the country, including 98 percent of the United States population,[6] but certain states have dramatically lower coverage rates than others. For example, only 71 percent of West Virginia's population is covered by a 3G network.[7] Wireless providers will likely use existing 3G infrastructure to enable the impending transition to 4G networks.[8] Unless wireless infrastructure expands quickly, those Americans that remain unconnected may be left behind.

Though America is responsible for the invention and development of Internet technology, the United States has fallen behind competing nations on a variety of important indicators, including broadband adoption rate and price. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's survey of 31 developed nations, the United States is ranked fourteenth in broadband penetration rate (i.e. the number of subscribers per 100 inhabitants); only 27.1 percent of Americans have adopted wired broadband subscriptions, compared to 37.8 percent of residents of the Netherlands.[9]

America also trails in ensuring the affordability of broadband service. The average price for a medium-speed (2.5Mbps-10Mbps) Internet plan in America is the seventeenth lowest among its competitor nations. For a medium-speed plan, the average American must pay $38 per month, while an average subscriber in Japan (ranked first) pays only $22 for a connection of the same quality.[10]

The National Broadband Plan (NBP), drafted by the Federal Communication Commission and released in 2010, seeks to provide all Americans with affordable broadband Internet access.[11] Doing so will not be cheap; analysts project that developing the infrastructure necessary for full broadband penetration will require $24 billion in subsidies and spending.[12] President Obama’s stimulus package has already set aside $4.9 billion to develop broadband infrastructure,[13] and some small ongoing federal programs receive an annual appropriation to promote broadband penetration.[14] However, these funding streams will only account for one-third of the $24 billion necessary to achieve the FCC's goal of full broadband penetration.[15] Moreover, developing infrastructure alone is not enough; many low-income Americans are unable to afford Internet access, even if it is offered in their locality.

To close this funding gap and to make broadband more accessible, the National Broadband Plan proposes to transform the Universal Service Fund – a subsidy program that spends $8.7 billion every year to develop infrastructure and improve affordability for telephone service – into a program that would do the same for broadband Internet.



[1] Federal Communications Commission, Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan 23 (2010) [hereinafter National Broadband Plan].
[2] Id. at 10.
[3] Id. at 23.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id. at 146.
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD Broadband Portal, OECD.org, (table 1d(1)) (last accessed Jan. 28, 2011).
[10] Id. (table 4m) (last accessed Jan. 28, 2011).
[11] National Broadband Plan, supra note 1, at 9-10.
[12] Id. at 136.
[13] Id. at 139.
[14] Id.
[15] Id.

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Image Source: Donald E. Carroll
      
 
 




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Retractible stairs make buildings accessible just like magic

This is a big problem in old buildings: providing universal access without ruining the look of the building.




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Facebook wants to use solar drones to bring internet access to the world

The company would use the Solara solar-powered drone, which can remain in flight for five years at a time!




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11 ways to accessorize the green way

Love to accessorize, but want to stay green? Here are some ways you can do both.




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Hundreds Of Thousands Of Americans Have No Car, No Access To Transit

Here is an interesting juxtaposition of stories; Kaid Benfield at NRDC Switchboard picks up on a study about how dangerous it is to be a pedestrian in America. He quotes Transportation for America: In the last decade, from 2000 through 2009, more than




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New Chic Travel Accessories by Jendarling Offer Alternative to Plastic Garment Bags

We've covered Jendarling's organic garment bags before. But with the holiday/travel season in full swing, their new chic Chelsea Girl collection, comprised of non-plastic garment and travel bags, is right on cue. For Jendarling,




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Red Cross Uses Solar-Powered Pumps to Increase Water Access in Sudan

However the referendum in South Sudan turns out, one thing will not go away quickly: the lack of water in the region. The International Committee of the Red Cross, however, is at work on a project that will mitigate that




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Coming to a backyard near you: Plant Prefab accessory dwelling units

With aging baby boomers and young people who can't afford housing, there's going to be a huge market for these.




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Accessible tiny home helps elderly woman age in place gracefully (Video)

This lovely little home was built for a woman who wants to be closer to her loved ones, without losing her autonomy.




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When it comes to cycle accessories, the wurst is yet to come with the Backbrat

German designer creates a convenient and light barbeque for your bike.





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Gout & Uric Acid Education Society Hosts Roundtable Exploring Strategies for Elevating the Severity of Gout and Improving Access to Public Education and Treatment - Gout as a Serious Health Issue

Gout as a Serious Health Issue




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Millions can't access unemployment benefits so actual job losses are likely greater than data shows

The number of Americans who have lost their jobs during the coronavirus pandemic could be even bleaker than official government data suggests.




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"Unconscionable": Planned Parenthood Pres. Condemns States Using Pandemic to Limit Abortion Access

As much of the U.S. remains on lockdown, abortion rights are under attack nationwide. We get an update on the fight for abortion access with Alexis McGill Johnson, acting president and CEO of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. "Our bodies have literally been deemed essential," she says, "and yet the control of our bodies and the right to control our own bodies has not."




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"Never Rarely Sometimes Always": New Film Follows Teenager's Perilous Journey to Access Abortion

As multiple states have moved to further restrict access to abortions during the pandemic, a powerful new dramatic film follows a 17-year-old girl as she travels from her small town in Pennsylvania to New York City to get an abortion without having to notify her parents. "Never Rarely Sometimes Always" director and writer Eliza Hittman joins us to discuss the making of the film, which is being distributed online while cinemas remain closed in most states due to the pandemic.




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Education Crisis: From Pre-K to Higher Ed, Students Face Unequal Access During Coronavirus Shutdown

We look at the impact of the pandemic on schools, universities, students, parents, teachers and professors — and who is at the table to shape what happens next. "We now have an economic crisis on top of the public health crisis, and the ways that we're choosing to educate children is simply unequal and is going to lead to an educational crisis,” says education scholar and Cornell University professor Noliwe Rooks, author of "Cutting School: Privatization, Segregation, and the End of Public Education."




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Profiting from the Pandemic: Will Pharmaceutical Giants Use Patents to Limit Access to COVID Drugs?

As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide approaches 4 million and the pandemic could be with us for months or years, we look at who can access drugs like remdesivir, being developed by pharmaceutical giant Gilead, which has the patent for the drug and is poised to make massive profits. We look at how much drugs like remdesivir will cost, and who can access them, with writer Achal Prabhala, coordinator of the AccessIBSA project, which campaigns for access to medicines in India, Brazil and South Africa.




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Abortion Access Improves Children’s Lives

Last month marked the 46th anniversary of Roe v. Wade, the landmark Supreme Court decision that affirmed the constitutional right to safe, legal abortion. Almost fifty years later, despite near constant attacks on abortion access, and a largely anti-reproductive health SCOTUS and White House, Americans still overwhelmingly support the decision and an individual’s right to […]




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A panel on accessibility, design inclusion and ethics, hiring and retaining diverse talent, and landing a job in UX.

It’s one thing to seek diverse talent to add to your team, another to retain the people you’ve hired. Why do so many folks we bring in to add depth and breadth of experience to our design and business decision-making process end up leaving? Hear thoughtful, useful answers to this question and other mysteries of […]

The post A panel on accessibility, design inclusion and ethics, hiring and retaining diverse talent, and landing a job in UX. appeared first on Zeldman on Web & Interaction Design.




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Tax-News.com: Russia Clarifies Tax Treaty Access Rules For Non-Res Holding Companies

In a letter dated August 8, 2019, the Russian Federal Tax Service amended the rules for non-resident holding companies to be considered as the beneficial owner of Russia-sourced income.




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CEA partners with IWMI to improve Colombo’s municipal waste management and farmers’ access to organic fertilizers

Colombo, December 10, 2013. At the request of the Colombo Municipal Council (CMC), the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), in collaboration with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), organized a stakeholder meeting to discuss improvements that can be made to the management of municipal waste in the City of Colombo. The meeting was held at the […]




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Press Release: IWMI project enables fast access to petabytes of analysis-ready water data in Africa

A new IWMI partnership with Digital Earth Africa (DEA) will leverage state of the art remote-sensing and data management technologies to enhance the ability of African Governments, communities and companies to better manage their water.




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Business Ghana: IWMI project enables fast access to petabytes of analysis-ready water data in Africa

A new International Water Management Institute (IWMI) partnership with Digital Earth Africa (DEA [1]) will leverage state of the art remote-sensing and data management technologies to enhance the ability of African Governments, communities and companies to better manage their water.




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Press Release: IWMI project enables fast access to petabytes of analysis-ready water data in Africa

A new IWMI partnership with Digital Earth Africa (DEA) will leverage state of the art remote-sensing and data management technologies to enhance the ability of African Governments, communities and companies to better manage their water.




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Business Ghana: IWMI project enables fast access to petabytes of analysis-ready water data in Africa

A new International Water Management Institute (IWMI) partnership with Digital Earth Africa (DEA [1]) will leverage state of the art remote-sensing and data management technologies to enhance the ability of African Governments, communities and companies to better manage their water.




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Texas Laws Limit Access to Abortions and Create Grave Risk to the Public Health

Texas laws require that physicians who provide abortions in clinics also have hospital admitting privileges; and that abortion clinics meet strict building




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Reducing Access to Firearms can Lower Suicide Rates in United States

In 2014, of the more than 33,500 firearm deaths in the United States, over 21,000 were the result of suicide. About 38% of US households own at least




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Text Messaging: An Effective Tool to Promote Access to Prenatal Health Information

Using text messaging could help improve access to prenatal health information among urban African American and immigrant Afro-Caribbean women, reports a new study.




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Statement by the OECD regarding the status of the accession process with Russia & co-operation with Ukraine

Further to a meeting of its governing Council on 12 March 2014, the OECD has postponed activities related to the accession process of the Russian Federation to the OECD for the time being.




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Canada Exports Clothing, Footwear And Accessories

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Small business access to alternative finance increasing as new bank lending declines

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly turning to alternative sources of financing, while new bank lending is declining in a number of countries. Many SMEs remain over-reliant on bank credit, however, and the take-up of instruments other than straight debt varies greatly from one country to another, according to a new OECD report.




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Most Asia/Pacific countries need to improve affordable access to healthcare, says OECD

Countries in the Asia/Pacific region need to step up their efforts to give more people access to affordable, quality health care. Too many people, especially women, cannot get the medical treatment they need due to high costs, difficulties in getting permission to see a doctor or a lack of health care providers in rural areas, according to a new OECD report.




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Inequalities in health and access to quality care persist in Europe, shows a new OECD/EC report

Today, Europeans enjoy a much longer life expectancy than the previous generation, but large inequalities in health remain across and within countries. These are largely due to disparities in access to and quality of care, as well as individual lifestyles and behaviours, according to a new joint OECD/European Commission report.




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Sustainable access to innovative therapies - Online consultation

The OECD is launching an online consultation: tell us how we can improve sustainable access to innovative therapies!




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Limited access to employment services hurts vulnerable laid-off workers in Australia

Australia should provide early access to more intensive employment services for disadvantaged laid-off workers to help them find a new job more quickly, according to a new OECD report.




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Small business access to alternative finance increasing as new bank lending declines

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly turning to alternative sources of financing, while new bank lending is declining in a number of countries. Many SMEs remain over-reliant on bank credit, however, and the take-up of instruments other than straight debt varies greatly from one country to another, according to a new OECD report.




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Water in Latin America and the Caribbean: better governance can improve access

In Latin American and Caribbean countries the population is growing faster than the world average, intensifying land use and increasing urbanisation. The region is also prone to the negative impact of climate change and natural disasters, putting further pressure on natural resources.




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Water in Latin America and the Caribbean: better governance can improve access

In Latin American and Caribbean countries the population is growing faster than the world average, intensifying land use and increasing urbanisation. The region is also prone to the negative impact of climate change and natural disasters, putting further pressure on natural resources.




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Workshop: Accessibility to services in regions and cities - Measures and policies

This workshop is to discuss the policy relevance of inequalities in the access to services in regions and cities, including the institutional and territorial organization for service delivery.




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Conference on improving women's access to leadership: What works?

Paris, 8 March 2016: Organised on International Women's Day, the OECD hosted a conference to consider policy approaches to closing leadership gender gaps in the public and corporate sectors.




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Delivering Access to Justice for All, OECD-OSF high-level event

Through measurement, reviews, the identification of good practices and policy dialogue, the OECD seeks to better understand, track and help to improve access to justice.




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Conference on improving women's access to leadership: What works?

Paris, 8 March 2016: Organised on International Women's Day, the OECD hosted a conference to consider policy approaches to closing leadership gender gaps in the public and corporate sectors.




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Brazil Exports (Fob): Motor Cars,Tractor Parts & Accessories

Exports (Fob): Mfc Prds - Motor Cars,Tractor Parts & Accessories in Brazil decreased to 63 USD Million in April from 132 USD Million in March of 2020. Exports (Fob): Mfc Prds - Motor Cars,Tractor Parts in Brazil averaged 160.64 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 393.86 USD Million in August of 2011 and a record low of 26.81 USD Million in February of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Exports of : Mfc Prds - Motor Cars,tractor P.




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United Kingdom Imports Intra Eu - Vehicles Not Railway & Tram Accessories

Imports Intra Eu - Vehicles Not Railway & Tram Accessories in the United Kingdom increased to 4015.90 GBP Million in February from 3364.44 GBP Million in January of 2020. Imports Intra Eu - Vehicles Not Railway & Tram Acc in the United Kingdom averaged 2585.07 GBP Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5317.31 GBP Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 912.87 GBP Million in August of 1996. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Imports of Intra EU - Vehicles Not Railway & Tram.




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United Kingdom Imports Intra Eu - Musical Instruments & Related Accessories

Imports Intra Eu - Musical Instruments & Related Accessories in the United Kingdom decreased to 9.57 GBP Million in February from 10.59 GBP Million in January of 2020. Imports Intra Eu - Musical Instruments & Related A in the United Kingdom averaged 5.43 GBP Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 14.11 GBP Million in April of 2013 and a record low of 1.03 GBP Million in July of 1996. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Imports of Intra EU - Musical Instruments & Relat.




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United Kingdom Imports - Vehicles Not Railway, Tram, Parts & Accessories

Imports - Vehicles Not Railway, Tram, Parts & Accessories in the United Kingdom increased to 4729.23 GBP Million in February from 4148.90 GBP Million in January of 2020. Imports - Vehicles Not Railway, Tram, Parts & Acce in the United Kingdom averaged 3305.86 GBP Million from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6305.14 GBP Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 1541.38 GBP Million in December of 2000. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Imports of Vehicles Not Railway, Tram, Parts & Ac.




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Singapore Imports of Parts & Accessories

Imports of Parts & Accessories in Singapore decreased to 702.76 SGD Million in March from 755.70 SGD Million in February of 2020. Imports of Parts & Accessories in Singapore averaged 690.04 SGD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 947.45 SGD Million in April of 2019 and a record low of 519.84 SGD Million in January of 2020. This page includes a chart with historical data for Singapore Imports of Parts & Accessories.