Interview with Lee M. Jampol, MD, author of Panretinal Photocoagulation vs Intravitreous Ranibizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Thomas L. Schwenk, MD, author of Resident Depression: The Tip of a Graduate Medical Education Iceberg

Interview with John H. Sampson, MD, PhD, MHSc, MBA, author of Alternating Electric Fields for the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Community acquired pneumonia accounts for 600,000 hospital admissions a year. Many patients with this disease are quite ill and have a very high mortality. To save lives, the appropriate antibiotics should be given in a timely basis, but it is not clear what the best antibiotics are and how long they should be given. In this podcast we interview the author of a JAMA review on community acquired pneumonia, Dr Jonathan Lee, author of Antibiotic Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, who performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the best way to treat community acquired pneumonia.

Interview with Clifford Deutschman, MD, MS, Mervyn Singer, MD and Derek Angus, MD, MPH, authors of The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)

Polypharmacy is a rapidly worsening problem that hits elderly patients particularly hard.  As patients grow older, they need more medications but at the same time become less capable of managing the complexity of drug treatments.  In order to simplify treatment regimens for older patients, it is necessary to consider the evidence supporting treatment of various conditions and when the evidence is not particularly strong, reduce or eliminate medications accordingly.  Diabetes management in the elderly is highlighted in this podcast with specific attention given to deintensifying diabetes treatment in the elderly.

Articles discussed in this episode:

• Polypharmacy in the Aging Patient: Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review (Kasia J. Lipska, MD, MHS)
• Evaluation and Treatment of Older Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Clinical Review (Timo E. Strandberg, MD, PhD)
• Trends in Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in the United States From 1999-2012 (Elizabeth D. Kantor, PhD, MPH)

Interview with Daniel C. Cherkin, PhD, author of Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Usual Care on Back Pain and Functional Limitations in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Wendy C. King, PhD, author of Change in Pain and Physical Function Following Bariatric Surgery for Severe Obesity

Interview with William R. Phillips, MD, MPH, author of Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Kiros Berhane, PhD, author of Association of Changes in Air Quality With Bronchitic Symptoms in Children in California, 1993-2012

Interview with Pascal Hammel, MD, author of Effect of Chemoradiotherapy vs Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Controlled After 4 Months of Gemcitabine With or Without Erlotinib: The LAP07 Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Douglas B. White, MD, MAS, author of Prevalence of and Factors Related to Discordance About Prognosis Between Physicians and Surrogate Decision Makers of Critically Ill Patients

Drs Stuart Spechler and Peter Kahrilis discuss GERD and esophagitis--how they occur and how they are treated. Dr Spechler also discusses a new hypothesis regarding how reflux esophagitis is caused that differs from the traditional teaching that acid and pepsin reflux into the esophagus and burn the mucosa layers.

Related articles:
Association of Acute Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With Esophageal Histologic Changes
Turning the Pathogenesis of Acute Peptic Esophagitis Inside Out

Interview with Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, author of Attitudes and Practices of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide in the United States, Canada, and Europe

Interview with Axel Linke, MD, author of Effect of a Cerebral Protection Device on Brain Lesions Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: The CLEAN-TAVI Randomized Clinical Trial

Introducing a new series of JAMA articles on professionalism, discussed from the perspective of how clinicians should address challenging clinical situations and adverse events in their medical practice. In the first episode of the accompanying podcast, JAMA Professionalism: Best Practice, we interview Wendy Levinson, MD, and Jensen Yeung, MD, authors of Disclosure of Medical Error, which appeared in the August 16, 2016 issue of JAMA, as well as Thomas H. Gallagher, MD.

Drug prices continue to rise in the US. Many solutions have been proposed but few have been implemented. Drs. Janet Woodcock from the FDA and Aaron Kesselheim, author of The High Cost of Prescription Drugs in the United States from the Harvard Medical School discuss the role of brand name drugs and generics and how they influence the cost of pharmaceuticals.

Also see The Cost of US Pharmaceutical Price Reductions: A Financial Simulation Model of R&D Decisions by Thomas A. Abbott and John A. Vernon.

Interview with Jeffrey L Saver, M.D., author of Time to Treatment With Endovascular Thrombectomy and Outcomes From Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis

When managing septic shock, passive leg raising is the best test to determine if a patient is likely to respond to a fluid bolus, better than CVP lines or even bedside ultrasound. Dr Najib Ayas, Associate professor of Critical Care Medicine at the University of British Columbia, discusses shock management from the context of his Rational Clinical examination article in the September 27, 2016 issue of JAMA, entitled “Will This Hemodynamically Unstable Patient Respond to a Bolus of Intravenous Fluids?”

In this episode of JAMA Professionalism: Best Practice, Edward H. Livingston, MD looks at the case of a physician requesting prescription medication from a colleague to examine professional boundaries between physicians and options for managing those boundaries. Shiphra Ginsburg, MD and Wendy Levinson, MD, authors of the related article, join Dr Livingston to discuss the best options for handling this challenging situation. Arthur S. Hengerer, MD, chair of the Federation of State Medical Boards discusses the legal and licensure ramifications of physicians prescribing for other clinicians and Kate E. Engelhardt, MD, and D. Brock Hewitt, MD, MPH, practicing physicians, relate their experience with other clinicians asking them to prescribe medications.

This Medical News podcast discusses the Human Genome Project-write with Harvard geneticist, George Church, PhD.

Medicare recently developed a star rating system to help consumers determine the quality of care delivered at various hospitals. This rating system was considered controversial by many. In this podcast we discuss the rating system with one of its critics, Karl Y. Bilimoria, MD, MS, and with Kate Goodrich, MD, the Director of the Center for Clinical Standards and Quality at Medicare.

Article discussed in this episode:

The New CMS Hospital Quality Star Ratings: The Stars Are Not Aligned

Interview with Roger L. Zemek, MD, author of Association Between Early Participation in Physical Activity Following Acute Concussion and Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Interview with Ann E. Kurth, PhD, RN, MSN, MPH, author of Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Between 8% and 10% of the population will have a seizure at one point in life. It's important to distinguish seizures from other entities that can look like them and, once a diagnosis of a seizure is established, know how to treat them. In this JAMA Clinical Review podcast, we discuss seizures and epilepsy with Jay Gavvala, MD, author of New-Onset Seizure in Adults and Adolescents: A Review.

Article discussed in this episode:

New-Onset Seizure in Adults and Adolescents: A Review

Interview with Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS, Task Force member and co-author of Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Maureen G. Phipps, MD, MPH, Task Force member and co-author of Screening for Gynecologic Conditions With Pelvic Examination: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

This podcast discusses the latest research into the workings of the lung microbiome and how it will affect future diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. Related article: The Lung Microbiome: Key to Respiratory Ills?

Interview with Gail Hayward, MA (Oxon) D.Phil MRCP MRCGP, author of Effect of Oral Dexamethasone Without Immediate Antibiotics vs Placebo on Acute Sore Throat in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Whole-genome sequencing is now easily done for very little cost. It is not known how to interpret the results of this testing. Healthy individuals should not have this performed. If someone has a reason to suspect a particular disease with a known genetic association, then whole-genome or targeted sequencing is reasonable to pursue.

Interview with Timothy E. McAlindon, MD,MPH, author of Effect of Intra-articular Triamcinolone vs Saline on Knee Cartilage Volume and Pain in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Ann C. McKee, M.D., author of Clinicopathological Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Players of American Football

Interview with Stuart M. Butler, PhD, MA, BSc, author of State Flexibility for Medicaid: How Much?

Interview with JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH, author of Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-Term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials

Interview with Alex R Kemper, MD, MPH, MS, Task Force member and co-author of Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Carol M Mangione, MD MSPH, Task Force member and co-author of Screening for Cervical Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Sonoo Thadaney-Israni, MBA, and Abraham Verghese, MD, MACP, authors of Humanizing Artificial Intelligence

Interview with Kevin A. Schulman, MD, author of The Implications of “Medicare for All” for US Hospitals

Interview with Benjamin Tolchin, MD, MS, author of Treatment of Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Attacks

Interview with Robert M. Wachter, MD, author of Restricting the Number of Open Patient Records in the Electronic Health Record: Is the Record Half Open or Half Closed?

Interview with Alan Leshner, PhD, author of Medication-Based Treatment to Address Opioid Use Disorder

Interview with Marissa A. Hendrickson, MD, author of The Review of Systems, the Electronic Health Record, and Billing

Interview with John W Epling, MD, MSEd, Task Force member and co-author of Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with S. Claiborne Johnston, MD, PhD, author of Academic Medical Centers: Too Large for Their Own Health?

Interview with Randall S. Stafford, MD, PhD, MHS, author of A Practical Approach to Low-Dose Aspirin for Primary Prevention

Interview with Jennifer L. Swails, MD, author of The Conundrum of the United States Medical Licensing Examination Score Reporting Structure

Interview with Michael Nurok, MBChB, PhD, author of Relative Value Units and the Measurement of Physician Performance

Interview with Chyke A Doubeni, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement

Interview with Gary H. Gibbons, M.D., author of Accelerating the Science of SCD Therapies—Is a Cure Possible?

Interview with Alexandra K. Glazier, JD, MPH, author of Success of Opt-In Organ Donation Policy in the United States