relationships

Exploring negative thermal expansion materials with bulk framework structures and their relevant scaling relationships through multi-step machine learning

Mater. Horiz., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D3MH01509B, Communication
Yu Cai, Chunyan Wang, Huanli Yuan, Yuan Guo, Jun-Hyung Cho, Xianran Xing, Yu Jia
We uses the multi-step ML method to mine 1000 potential NTE materials from ICSD, MPD and COD databases, and the presented phase diagram can serve as a preliminary criterion for judging and designing new NTE materials.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




relationships

Advances, opportunities, and challenges in methods for interrogating the structure activity relationships of natural products

Nat. Prod. Rep., 2024, 41,1543-1578
DOI: 10.1039/D4NP00009A, Review Article
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Christine Mae F. Ancajas, Abiodun S. Oyedele, Caitlin M. Butt, Allison S. Walker
This review highlights methods for studying structure activity relationships of natural products and proposes that these methods are complementary and could be used to build an iterative computational-experimental workflow.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




relationships

Sidechain structure–activity relationships of cyclobutane-based small molecule αvβ3 antagonists

RSC Med. Chem., 2024, 15,3616-3624
DOI: 10.1039/D4MD00306C, Research Article
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Adam Throup, Manar Saleh Zraikat, Andrew Gordon, Shohreh Jafarinejad Soumehsaraei, Kathrin D. Haase, Laurence H. Patterson, Patricia A. Cooper, Katherine Hanlon, Paul M. Loadman, Mark Sutherland, Steven D. Shnyder, Helen M. Sheldrake
Cyclobutanes provide a versatile scaffold for the synthesis of small molecule integrin antagonists with good metabolic stability and in vivo tolerability.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




relationships

3-Thio-3,4,5-Trisubstituted-1,2,4-Triazoles: High Affinity Somatostatin Receptor-4 Agonist Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships

RSC Med. Chem., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4MD00597J, Research Article
Albert Michael Crider, Audrey Hospital, Karin Sandoval, William Neumann, Stephen Kukielski, Lejla Garic, Kristen Ingold, Matthew Dunahoo, Khush Srabony, Rafael Frare, Olivia Slater, Nathan Peel, Maria Kontoyianni, Ken Witt
Somatostatin receptor-4 (SST4) is a therapeutic target for several conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, neuropsychiatric disorders, and pain. Our previous work on 1,2,4-triazole derivatives led to enhanced SST4 binding affinity,...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




relationships

Relationships of dietary habits with prostate cancer risk: results from Mendelian randomization analyses and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Food Funct., 2024, 15,10823-10837
DOI: 10.1039/D4FO03859B, Paper
Zhen Zhou, Jin Xu, Yang Zhao, Yuanjie Niu
Prior investigations identified correlations between dietary habits and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa); however, the causative dynamics are unclear.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




relationships

Social relationships help vampire bats facilitate their unusual blood diets

At home in the tropical forests of Central and South America, vampire bats feed on various animals, including tapirs, mountain lions, penguins and livestock.




relationships

We grow as human beings because of the relationships we nourish, foster




relationships

Supporting positive relationships for children and young people who have experience of care




relationships

Worms farm germs: Discovery illuminates complex natural relationships

Princeton University researchers have found that the roundworms Caenorhabditis elegans have a sure-fire method of ensuring a steady supply of a bacteria they eat — they grow their own. The worms carry the bacteria Escherichia coli along with them, and drop bacteria along the way to create thriving new bacterial colonies that the worms later return to "harvest" and eat.




relationships

Intentional relationships open doors

Three boys who sell fish become “men of peace” for the DreamAsia+ team in three of the poorest Muslim communities in the Philippines.




relationships

So, are these relationships in times of Covid-19?

There was a vague idea to chat with Justine but it did not involve going out because my brother would soon be returning home




relationships

Securing live-in relationships


The Maharashtra government recently approved a proposal where a woman in a live-in relationship for a "reasonable period" of time would get the status of a "wife". Ramesh Menon has more.




relationships

Symmetry-mode analysis for intuitive observation of structure–property relationships in the lead-free antiferroelectric (1−x)AgNbO3–xLiTaO3

Functional materials are of critical importance to electronic and smart devices. A deep understanding of the structure–property relationship is essential for designing new materials. In this work, instead of utilizing conventional atomic coordinates, a symmetry-mode approach is successfully used to conduct structure refinement of the neutron powder diffraction data of (1−x)AgNbO3–xLiTaO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) ceramics. This provides rich structural information that not only clarifies the controversial symmetry assigned to pure AgNbO3 but also explains well the detailed structural evolution of (1−x)AgNbO3–xLiTaO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) ceramics, and builds a comprehensive and straightforward relationship between structural distortion and electrical properties. It is concluded that there are four relatively large-amplitude major modes that dominate the distorted Pmc21 structure of pure AgNbO3, namely a Λ3 antiferroelectric mode, a T4+ a−a−c0 octahedral tilting mode, an H2 a0a0c+/a0a0c− octahedral tilting mode and a Γ4− ferroelectric mode. The H2 and Λ3 modes become progressively inactive with increasing x and their destabilization is the driving force behind the composition-driven phase transition between the Pmc21 and R3c phases. This structural variation is consistent with the trend observed in the measured temperature-dependent dielectric properties and polarization–electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops. The mode crystallography applied in this study provides a strategy for optimizing related properties by tuning the amplitudes of the corresponding modes in these novel AgNbO3-based (anti)ferroelectric materials.




relationships

Relationships, Rigor, and Relevance - The Three Rs of Engaging Students in Urban High Schools

High schools that successfully engage students in learning have many things in common.




relationships

Relationships with family members, but not friends, decrease likelihood of death

For older adults, having more or closer family members in one's social network decreases his or her likelihood of death, but having a larger or closer group of friends does not, finds a new study that will be presented at the 111th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA).

read more



  • Psychology & Sociology

relationships

Relationships between energy consumption and economic growth investigated

Renewable energy plays an important role in economic development, according to a recent study which investigated the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption in Europe.




relationships

Long-distance relationships more meaningful than conventional ones, study finds

Research suggests that long-distance relationships encourage more communication and that couples try harder.



  • Fitness & Well-Being

relationships

Growing up: Wounds and Traumas Draw Unhealthy Relationships

Relationships are like physical magnets. That is why you find that most people who enter into a relationship are alike.




relationships

Addictions In Relationships: Addiction to Alcohol

There is no relationship that can breed more frustration and unhappiness than a relationship where one of the partners is an alcoholic.




relationships

B+E CEO Camille Renshaw to speak at Tampa ICSC panel on "Women in Leadership: The Future of Relationships and Branding"

B+E CEO Camille Renshaw will speak at the ICSC West Florida Idea Exchange panel on "Women in Leadership: The Future of Relationships and Branding," on Wednesday, March 25, at the Tampa Convention Center.




relationships

What It Takes To Build Relationships That Transform Lives

Everyone agrees that building relationships with kids is important. But how do you know if you're doing it right?




relationships

Gittelson Jewelers Celebrates Their 34th Anniversary In The Minneapolis Downtown Skyway With A Continued Focus on Generational Relationships

A tiny skyway shop with big sparkle, this family-run Minneapolis jewelry store celebrates 34 years in business serving a colorful history of Minnesota clients.




relationships

Maintaining Relationships with Family and Friends After TBI and PTSD

Adam talks frankly about his challenges keeping up with family and friends since his injury; he has good intentions but following through remains difficult.




relationships

User interfaces for displaying relationships between cells in a grid

User interfaces for displaying relationships between cells in a grid. In one example embodiment, a user interface includes a grid including rows and columns and a plurality of cells each having a specific position in the grid. A first one of the cells is related to a second one of the cells. The grid is configured to display, upon selection of the first cell or second cell, a visual representation of the relationship between the first cell and the second cell.




relationships

METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM FOR VISUALIZING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PAIRS OF COLUMNS

An apparatus, computer-readable medium, and computer-implemented method for visualizing relationships between pairs of columns, comprising identifying a relationship classification corresponding to two columns in a plurality of columns based on a data type of each column in the two columns, applying one or more statistical measures to data in the two columns to generate association data quantifying a plurality of relationships between data values in a first column of the two columns and data values in a second column of the two columns, wherein the one or more statistical measures are determined based at least in part on the relationship classification, and transforming the association data into a visualization, wherein the visualization comprises one or more indicators corresponding to one or more relationships in the plurality of relationships and wherein a layout of the visualization is determined based on the relationship classification.




relationships

What effect has the pandemic had on your relationships?

Family dynamics, relationships and dating have all been upended by self-isolation and stay-indoors orders during the COVID-19 lockdown.



  • Radio/Cross Country Checkup

relationships

Emotions, relationships & technology

Our emotions are being manipulated, hacked and shared like never before. So what does this mean for their future, our relationships and the technology that's reading them?




relationships

Rose Tattoo guitarist helps kids explore issues in Love Bites sex and relationships education program

A stalwart of rock band Rose Tattoo retrains for a role that will help him give back to the community.




relationships

Influencing policy: relationships matter

The newly qualified social worker conference titled, Shaping our future: relationships matter, was held on 31 May 2019 in at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. 

Iona Colvin, Chief Social Work Adviser at Scottish Government, spoke about the importance of relationships at strategic level, within and across government, and how the role of social work has changed to be located within organisational partnerships with the aim of delivering more seamless services for people.

She also talks about the unique contribution of social work as a holistic relationship-based profession, what they are doing with others to raise its profile, plan for the future and support newly qualified social workers.

Transcript of episode

Music Credit: Make your dream a reality by Scott Holmes.




relationships

Influencing practice: relationships matter

The newly qualified social worker conference titled, Shaping our future: relationships matter, was held on 31 May 2019 in at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow.

Jackie Irvine, Chief Social Work Officer at Edinburgh City Council and past President of social work Scotland, takes some time to reflect on how the practice environment in which social work operates has changed. She provides advice on making the most of relationships at work, as well as self-care strategies.

Transcript of episode

Music Credit: Make your dream a reality by Scott Holmes.




relationships

The story of Relationships Matter

Today, we've published the story of the Relationships Matter project. The two-year project was facilitated by Iriss and led by the Relationships Matter Collective, a group of inspirational practitioners and young people who were brave enough to challenge, and confident enough to promote, continued relationships between practitioners and young people as they leave care.

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relationships

Staf to manage Relationships Matter website

Relationships Matter was a project led by the Relationships Matter Collective, a group of inspirational practitioners and young people who were brave enough to challenge, and confident enough to promote, continued relationships between practitioners and young people as they leave care.

read more



  • looked after children

relationships

grammar is relationships


This is not a post about American versus British English. I hope you’ll indulge me. It's come out of some Twitter conversations this afternoon.

It started when I read this sentence in James Pennebaker’s book The Secret Life of Pronouns:
Function words require social skills to use properly.

And I wondered how it had got(ten) past a copyeditor. So I did a Twitter poll to see if other people were happy with the sentence. The poll looked like this: 


So, 25% of more than 300 people thought it sounded fine. 75% felt there was something weird about it. Given how I phrased the question, it's possible that the 75% had 100 different reasons for thinking it weird. But considering some of the tweet-replies I had, I know that at least some people had the same reaction that I did. 

The problem with the sentence for me is that there is no reasonable subject for the verb to use. Compare it to this sentence with the same kinds of parts in the same order:  
 The law requires every driver to drive safely.

In that case, the subject of the infinitive to drive is every driver—every driver is to drive safely. So, what you've got is:
  • Main verb: requires
  • Subject of main verb: the law
  • Object of main verb = infinitive clause: every driver to drive safely

But that doesn't work for Pennebaker's sentence. Social skills to use properly is not a complete clause because (a) there's no object of the verb to use (to use what properly?), and (b) social skills is in a position where it could be the subject of to use (as in the driving example), but it's not.  The sentence could be "fixed" in a number of ways that involve making it clearer that function words are the things being used.
  1. Make the infinitive into a passive, so it's clear that function words is the object of use: Function words require social skills to be used properly.
  2. Move use closer to function words so that it's clear how they relate to each other: To use function words properly requires social skills. (Or Using function words properly requires social skills.)
  3. Move function words closer to useIt takes social skills to use function words properly.
Number 1 is a little ambiguous (it sounds a bit like function words are bossing social skills around), so I'd prefer 2 or 3, where it's really clear that function words is the object of use

But there are sentences with require that do work more like Pennebaker's sentence:
Crops require water to grow.

Here, it's not the water that's growing, it's the crops. So it doesn't work like the driving sentence—the object of require is not water to grow. In both sentences, I've put the object of require in blue, so you can see that the sentences have different structures. Another way that you can tell they're different structures is that you can replace to with in order to in one and not the other and can rephrase one with that and no to, but not the other.
The law requires every passenger in order to drive safely.
Crops require water in order to grow.
 The law requires that every driver drive safely. [or drives if you're not a subjunctive user]

Crops require that water grow.

So one of the reasons I wanted to write this post is to make this big point:
Grammar isn't just where words go in a sentence, it's how they relate to each other.
The fact that the crops sentence is the same shape as Pennebaker's sentence doesn't mean that Pennebaker's sentence is grammatical, because it still has the problem that there is no subject for to use. Notice that it can't be rephrased in either of the ways that the other two can:
Function words require social skills in order to use properly
Function words require that social skills use properly
The last possibility is to interpret use as being in middle voice (as opposed to active or passive voice). This is when the verb acts kind of like a passive (where what would have been the active object becomes the subject), but doesn't get the passive be +past participle form. English has some verbs that work this way.
I cut the bread easily. (active voice: subject is the cutter)
The bread is cut easily. (passive voice: subject is what's cut)
The bread cuts easily. (middle voice: subject is what's cut)
Grammar Girl has a podcast and post on middle voice in English if you're interested. English has more of a 'middlish' voice than a 'middle', as we're really limited in how we can use it and it doesn't have a special verb form, as it does in some other languages. As Grammar Girl notes:
[English] middle-voice sentences usually include some adverbial meaning, negation, or a modal verb, or a combination of the three. “The spearheads didn’t cast very well” has both negation (“didn’t”) and an adverb phrase (“very well”). “The screw screwed in more easily than I thought it would” has the adverb phrase “more easily than I thought it would.”
While Pennebaker's sentence does have an adverb, properly, it's not one that I'm super-comfortable using with a middle construction (?The bread cuts properly), but maybe some people would like it better than I do. (Proper is used more as an adjective and adverb of intensity in some colloquial BrEs than in my AmE.)

So, are the 25% who like the sentence reading it as having middle voice? I'm not totally convinced, because I think that the English middle doesn't do well with fancier sentence constructions as with require:
?That bread requires a good knife to cut easily.
?That bread requires a steady hand to cut easily.
Putting an object between requires and to makes it confusing—is it the bread or the knife/hand that is cutting easily? If it's the knife or hand, then the sentence would usually require an it to stand for the bread: The bread requires a good knife to cut it easily. 

So, anyhow, when I put the Pennebaker sentence up, some people wondered if it was like this dialect phenomenon, found in some parts of the US (particularly western Pennsylvania) and some parts of the UK (particularly Scotland):
The car needs washed.
It was natural for them to make that connection because both Pennebaker's sentence and the needs washed sentence would work in other dialects if the final verb were made passive. But note that what needs to be added to the sentences to create a passive is different in the two cases. In needs washed, the washed is in the past participle needed for a passive. But in Pennebaker's sentence the infinitive verb is not in any way in passive form.
The car needs to be washed.
The function words require social skills to be used properly.

So, I asked the 25% who accepted the sentence to write back and tell me where they were from. And it turns out they're from anywhere.... New Jersey, California, New England, southeastern US, eastern and western Canada, up and down the UK, the Caribbean. That makes it look like it's not a dialect feature. 

An interesting thing about the 25%, though, was that a few got in touch to say: "I clicked that the sentence was fine for me, but once I started thinking about it, I was less sure."

After the dialect idea didn't pan out, I joked that the next step was to give personality tests to people who didn't like the sentence. And while it was a joke, I think there is probably something to the idea  that some people read for meaning and don't get the grammatical 'clang' that I got because getting the meaning is good enough. If they can get the meaning without a deep look at the grammar, the grammar is irrelevant. I'd wonder if people who get a 'clang' with this sentence are also more likely to also notice misplaced modifiers and dangling participles. A lot of us who notice these things notice them because we've been trained in looking at language analytically, or we're just very literal readers. Had I heard Pennebaker's sentence, I probably wouldn't have noticed that there was no workable subject for the verb use. I would have just understood it and gone merrily on my way. But in reading, CLANG.


Anyhow, the main reason I wanted to blog this was to make that point that Grammar is how words relate to each other. That two sentences with the same shape can be working in very different ways. And on that note, I'll leave you with an experiment that Carol Chomsky did way back when. She gave children a doll with a blindfold over its eyes and asked them if this sentence was true—and if not, to make the sentence true.
The doll is easy to see. 
Notice how that sentence doesn't work like this sentence:
The doll is eager to see.
In the first, the doll is being seen. We can paraphrase it as The doll is easy for me to see. In the second, the doll is who will do the seeing. We can't paraphrase it as The doll is eager for me to see, because it means The doll is eager for the doll to see. The words easy and eager determine how we interpret the relations of the other words in the sentence. In linguistic terms, they license different relationships in the sentence. (In these sentences it's adjectives doing that relationship-determining, but in most sentences, it's the verbs. In our requires sentences above, we can see that require licenses a range of possible sentence structures—words do that too.)

Understanding that a blindfolded doll is easy to see is something that most kids don't master till they're into their school years. When asked to make the doll easy to see, the younger kids take off the doll's blindfold. This shows us that kids take a while to fully take account of the grammar, not just the words, in sentences.

Hope you didn't mind my little grammatical foray...
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relationships

Covid-19 impacting 'well-being and relationships'

The Covid-19 outbreak is having a negative impact on personal relationships and well-being, while it has also led to an increase in the consumption of alcohol.




relationships

Oscar-nominated animation shorts tackle relationships, connection and disconnection

The Oscar-nominated animation shorts often share emotional themes, but they are a creatively diverse collection.




relationships

Coronavirus: Making relationships work during lockdown

Three couples reveal how the coronavirus has affected their relationships.




relationships

How Can We Take Advantage of Reading–Writing Relationships?

Teacher question: Everyone says reading and writing are connected. But our school focuses on only reading. We have a reading program (we don’t have a writing program). We test the students three times a year in reading, but never in writing. Writing isn’t even on our report card, though I guess it is part of Language Arts. What should we be doing with writing? Shanahan's response: You came to the right place. I think your school is making a big mistake not giving sufficient attention to writing.




relationships

How Can We Take Advantage of Reading–Writing Relationships?

Teacher question: Everyone says reading and writing are connected. But our school focuses on only reading. We have a reading program (we don’t have a writing program). We test the students three times a year in reading, but never in writing. Writing isn’t even on our report card, though I guess it is part of Language Arts. What should we be doing with writing? Shanahan's response: You came to the right place. I think your school is making a big mistake not giving sufficient attention to writing.




relationships

Special relationships in flux: Brexit and the future of the US– EU and US–UK relationships

6 May 2016 , Volume 92, Number 3

A British exit from the EU would add to growing strains on the United States’relations with Britain and the rest of Europe, but by itself would not lead to a breakdown in transatlantic relations. It would, however, add to pressures on the US that could change the direction of the transatlantic relationship. From the perspective of Washington, Britain risks becoming an awkward inbetweener.

Tim Oliver and Michael John Williams

A British exit from the EU would add to growing strains on the United States’ relations with Britain and the rest of Europe, but by itself would not lead to a breakdown in transatlantic relations due to the scale of shared ideas and interests, institutional links, international pressures and commitments by individual leaders. It would, however, add to pressures on the US that could change the direction of the transatlantic relationship. From the perspective of Washington, Britain risks becoming an awkward inbetweener, beholden more than ever before to a wider transatlantic relationship where the US and EU are navigating the challenges of an emerging multipolar world. The article outlines developments in the UK, EU, Europe and the US in order to explain what Brexit could mean for the United States’ approaches to transatlantic relations. By doing so the article moves beyond a narrow view of Brexit and transatlantic relations that focuses on the future of UK–US relations. In the conclusion we map out several ways in which US views of the transatlantic relationship could be changed.




relationships

Building Therapeutic Relationships: Choosing Words That Put People First

Jane K. Dickinson
Jan 1, 2017; 35:51-54
Commentary




relationships

Forthcoming in HHS: Homosexual Aversion Therapy, Comte on Organism-Environment Relationships

Two forthcoming pieces in History of the Human Sciences may be of interest to AHP readers. Full details below. “Cold War Pavlov: Homosexual aversion therapy in the 1960s,” by Kate Davison. Abstract: Homosexual aversion therapy enjoyed two brief but intense periods of clinical experimentation: between 1950 and 1962 in Czechoslovakia, and between 1962 and 1975 … Continue reading Forthcoming in HHS: Homosexual Aversion Therapy, Comte on Organism-Environment Relationships




relationships

Intimacy vs Isolation: Why Do Some People Struggle to Form Intimate Relationships?

Loneliness is a surprisingly common phenomenon in the 21st century. In 2018, a survey conducted by The Economist and the Kaiser Family Foundation revealed that 22% of adults in the United States and 23% of adults in the United Kingdom often or always feel lonely or left out. Interestingly, many people who describe themselves as […]




relationships

Seeking Participants for a Study on How COVID-19 is Affecting Sex and Relationships

The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic is causing a number of societal changes that are new to nearly all of us, with governments around the world locking down cities and countries in an attempt to slow the spread of the virus. This situation is pushing some people together, but pulling others apart—and we’ve never seen anything quite like it in the modern era. Countless media articles have been written about the ways in which this is affecting people’s sex lives and relationships; however, most of them are purely speculative. This led some of my colleagues at the Kinsey Institute and I to wonder what’s really happening—and we’ve designed a study to help us better understand how emergency situations like this affect people’s sexual and romantic lives, which may help us to better plan and prepare for similar events in the future.



  • Professional Issues in Psychology

relationships

Aspiring To Be Rich May Damage Your Relationships

By Emily Reynolds. Participants whose self-esteem was based on financial success felt more lonely and disconnected from others.




relationships

The legal implications of registering a relationship pursuant to the Relationships Register Act 2016 (SA) / presented by Julie Redman and Annie Luppino, Alderman Redman.




relationships

Diseases in animals (tick fever) : progress report on teh reproductive forms of the micro-organism of tick fever, with some observations on the relationships and nomenclature of that disease (16th December, 1897) / by J. Sidney Hunt.

[Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], [1897?]




relationships

Structure-activity relationships of the cannabinoids / editors, Rao S. Rapaka, Alexandros Makriyannis.

Rockville, Maryland : National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1987.




relationships

Causal Discovery Toolbox: Uncovering causal relationships in Python

This paper presents a new open source Python framework for causal discovery from observational data and domain background knowledge, aimed at causal graph and causal mechanism modeling. The cdt package implements an end-to-end approach, recovering the direct dependencies (the skeleton of the causal graph) and the causal relationships between variables. It includes algorithms from the `Bnlearn' and `Pcalg' packages, together with algorithms for pairwise causal discovery such as ANM.




relationships

Multi-scale analysis of lead-lag relationships in high-frequency financial markets. (arXiv:1708.03992v3 [stat.ME] UPDATED)

We propose a novel estimation procedure for scale-by-scale lead-lag relationships of financial assets observed at high-frequency in a non-synchronous manner. The proposed estimation procedure does not require any interpolation processing of original datasets and is applicable to those with highest time resolution available. Consistency of the proposed estimators is shown under the continuous-time framework that has been developed in our previous work Hayashi and Koike (2018). An empirical application to a quote dataset of the NASDAQ-100 assets identifies two types of lead-lag relationships at different time scales.




relationships

A hierarchical Bayesian model for predicting ecological interactions using scaled evolutionary relationships

Mohamad Elmasri, Maxwell J. Farrell, T. Jonathan Davies, David A. Stephens.

Source: The Annals of Applied Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 221--240.

Abstract:
Identifying undocumented or potential future interactions among species is a challenge facing modern ecologists. Recent link prediction methods rely on trait data; however, large species interaction databases are typically sparse and covariates are limited to only a fraction of species. On the other hand, evolutionary relationships, encoded as phylogenetic trees, can act as proxies for underlying traits and historical patterns of parasite sharing among hosts. We show that, using a network-based conditional model, phylogenetic information provides strong predictive power in a recently published global database of host-parasite interactions. By scaling the phylogeny using an evolutionary model, our method allows for biological interpretation often missing from latent variable models. To further improve on the phylogeny-only model, we combine a hierarchical Bayesian latent score framework for bipartite graphs that accounts for the number of interactions per species with host dependence informed by phylogeny. Combining the two information sources yields significant improvement in predictive accuracy over each of the submodels alone. As many interaction networks are constructed from presence-only data, we extend the model by integrating a correction mechanism for missing interactions which proves valuable in reducing uncertainty in unobserved interactions.