Designed By: Patti, Jewelry Designer, Exclusively for Fire Mountain Gems and Beads®

Designed By: Patti, Jewelry Designer, Exclusively for Fire Mountain Gems and Beads®

The turn of events altered the medal standings, upgrading the silver medal of India’s Navdeep Singh to gold.

Jiang Yuyan breaks the Paralympic world record in the women's 100m backstroke

If you follow the Cinema team riders like Chad Kerley, Garrett Reynolds or Nathan William on Instagram, you may have already seen one or the other BMX part from Cinema in gold. With the new delivery of Cinema BMX that reached us recently, the new "Colorway" is finally available in our shop.

Yes, 2022 is here and we wish you a happy new year. The year starts well, because we have a few deliveries like the new Kink 2022 BMX bikes, the new Dan Lacey Slip On from Vans and the golden BMX parts from Cinema.

MCE2025: Gold Alumni Special - 3 Payments of $449USD billed 30 days apart

Price: $449.00

MCE2025: Gold Guest Alumni Special - 3 Payments of $449USD billed 30 days apart

Price: $449.00

MCE2025: Gold Plus Registration- 3 Payments of $449USD billed 30 days apart

Price: $449.00

MCE2025: Gold Plus Guest Registration- 3 Payments of $449USD billed 30 days apart

Price: $449.00

Gold Plus Monthly Membership

Price: $198.00

Description: To receive Gold, Gold Plus, Diamond, or Titanium membership you must first apply and be accepted to the program and then purchase the 'Home Study System' for 3 payments of $499 USD (30 days apart). With your Home Study System you receive 3 free months of Gold Membership. *Do not purchase any MASS products without first applying to become a member at:?https://www.musicacademysuccess.com/apply/
If you purchase memberships without having your application approved, you will not be allowed to join the program.

Gold + monthly coaching members receive:

GOLD + MEMBERSHIP (Includes all Gold level benefits also, listed below)

A. Live monthly Gold and bi-monthly Gold Plus member group coaching call where you can ask me questions about your business.

B. Audio archive of our monthly Q&A calls

C. CDs of the call of the month.

D. The MASS Resource Directory. Full of important info for Academy owners.

E. Special MASS members only monthly newsletter and special reports mailed to your home.

F. Chance to compete in the MASS School of the Year contest and win $1,000 in cash and a full day consultation visit with Marty Fort.

G. Members only Facebook page.

H.?Unlimited MP3 downloads of the Gold and Gold Plus audio archive, including Office Staff Training calls.

I. Block out four of your most hated competitors.

J. Get a reduced rate for annual conference registrations.

K.? Monthly Office Staff Training call where you and your staff can ask questions of Marty Fort and his office staff.

L.??Wholesale printing and shipping pricing of the MASS manuals as they are updated for as long as you are a current member.

The MASS Gold, Gold +, Diamond & Titanium membership fees are non refundable.

Gold Monthly Membership

Price: $99.00

To receive Gold, Gold +, Diamond, or Titanium membership you must first apply and be accepted to the program and then purchase the 'Home Study System' for 3 payments of $499 USD (30 days apart). With your Home Study System you receive 3 free months of Gold Membership. *Do not purchase any MASS products without first applying to become a member at:?https://www.musicacademysuccess.com/apply/
If you purchase memberships without having your application approved, you will not be allowed to join the program.

Gold monthly coaching members receive:

GOLD MEMBERSHIP

A. Live monthly Gold, Gold Plus, Diamond and Titanium member call where you can ask me questions about your business.

B. Audio archive of our monthly Q&A calls

C. CDs of the call of the month.

D. The MASS resource directory. Full of important info for Academy owners.

E. Special MASS members only monthly newsletter and special reports mailed to your home.

F. Chance to compete in the MASS School of the Year contest and win $1,000 in cash and a full day consultation visit with Marty Fort.

G. Members only Facebook page where you can network with fellow members in a safe, non-selling environment.

H.??Wholesale printing and shipping pricing of the MASS manuals as they are updated for as long as you are a current member.

The MASS Gold, Gold +, Diamond & Titanium membership fees are non refundable.

San Francisco third baseman Matt Chapman won his fifth Gold Glove and Kansas City shortstop Bobby Witt Jr. was among 14 first-time winners of baseball's most famous fielding honor.

The Milwaukee Brewers are adding to their fraternity of Gold Glove winners, and it's not a very long list. Here are the Brewers who previously won.

Honeywell Global Corporate Headquarters at Legacy Union in Charlotte, North Carolina, is recognized as one of the most sustainable and technologically advanced office buildings.

Home Automation Inc. (HAI), New Orleans, a manufacturer of integrated security and home automation products since 1985, announced that its wireless energy management suite was certified as a golden unit for ZigBee® Smart Energy Profile 1.1.

Adopting Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) in the security industry enhances scalability, flexibility, and business opportunities for installers while generating recurring revenue and offering greater value beyond traditional security solutions.

Everon has been honored with the 2024 HIRE Vets Medallion Award for its exceptional efforts in recruiting, hiring, and retaining military veterans.

Raleigh, NC — Some people may believe that colleagues who step away from their desks are avoiding work, but the results of a recent study conducted by researchers from North Carolina State University show short breaks actually can help boost productivity and manage energy.

Available in three flavors — Lemonade, Blue Raspberry and Venice Punch, a tropical pineapple-guava blend — this full-spectrum supplement addresses four key performance categories with fully dosed, high-quality ingredients.

Campbell’s extends popular Goldfish platform with “mash-up” of crackers and potato chips.

The sofi Gold Award-winning products represent the best of the best in each of 48 specialty food and beverage categories, from Appetizers & Snacks to Meat & Poultry to Water & Functional Beverages. 

The prestigious recognition stands as a testament to GTLF's commitment to zero waste practices and sustainable operations, a commitment that resulted in the company securing a TRUE award-winning waste diversion rate. 

The engineered wood collection bridges contemporary and traditional design through eight colors. 

Calico Wallpaper and educator Janene Ping collaborate on two natural-dye wall mural collections: Alchemy and Enchantment.

GoldenTree Asset Management, Vista Investments of Florida, more | downtown West Palm Beach  Steve Ross scored new tenants and lease renewals at his downtown West Palm Beach office towers.  New York-based global asset manager GoldenTree  Asset Management, founded by Steven A. Tananbaum; Chicago-based Vista Investments of Florida, founded by Tom Tisbo; and New York-based private equity […]

The post Lease roundup: Steve Ross lands GoldenTree, Amerant Bank at his downtown West Palm towers appeared first on The Real Deal.

I’d first driven by this land en route to elsewhere. When I saw the bunkers—over a thousand set upon the desert—I was so stunned by the terrain’s alien disfigurement that I stopped at an overpass to absorb the view. To my eye, the concrete bunkers were dystopian in their sum and structure and sprawl—scarring nine […]

The post A Golden Land? Questioning Frontiers, Fantasies and Fulfillment in the Pacific Northwest was curated by information for practice.

For some, m aple sugaring is a perennial ritual, painstakingly completed as we usher out the bitter wisps of winter, and embrace balmier, brighter days of early spring. And whether you’re producing maple syrup with just a few buckets, or if you’ve expanded operations with a full-blown sugar shack … you know this much to be true: 1) S ugaring is an art 2) Sugaring is a science 3) And a great excuse to be outdoors, with family and friends. This week on Something Wild, we check in with novice maple-sugar farmer Phil Brown, Director of Land Management for New Hampshire Audubon, to discuss the unexpected joys of maple season. Most maple seasons last about 4 to 6 weeks, and b ecause sugaring is so dependent on the weather—we never know just how long optimal conditions will last. B y optimal conditions, we’re talking daytime temperatures that reach into the 40’s and overnight lows that land in the 20’s. This “goldilocks zone” is juuust right for maple sap runs, because temperature fluctuation

Ohio State prepares for its second game this week against Tulsa.

In 2023, central banks around the world purchased significant amounts of gold. China's activity in this area was particularly noticeable as the nation's gold reserves increased by 225 tons over the year. An article published on Chinese Internet platform Baijiahao says that Russia actively participated in the gold rush to increase its precious metals reserves. As a result, Russia's gold reserves reached a record 2.36 thousand tons. Russia is thus ranked fifth following the USA, Germany, Italy and France.

Russia's gold reserves have become the "magic wand” with the help of which Russia easily survived the "hellish” sanctions of the West and achieved economic growth. The West admires Russia's policy of pegging the ruble to gold The Russian economy showed unprecedented growth of 3.6 percent in 2023 against the backdrop of more than 16,000 sanctions, as well as huge expenses for carrying out the special military operation in Ukraine. Russia's GDP is to grow by another 2.6 percent in 2024, the IMF said. Russia has been able to achieve that with the help of its "gold strategy,” The Conversation. com website said. The strategy is about pegging the ruble to gold and liberalising gold trade.

Russia's gold reserves reached a new record in August as they amounted to $188.8 billion. Their share in international assets exceeded 30 percent for the first time in almost 25 years, the Central Bank of Russia said. As of September 1, 2024, Russia's international reserves grew to $613.7 billion, up from $602.05 billion as of August 1. In August, Russia increased its gold investments by 5.1 percent, bringing them to a record $188.8 billion. The previous record was set a month earlier at $179.5 billion.

More than 100 tons of gold were found on Sovinoye deposit in Chukotka (a region in the Far East of Russia). This is the largest deposit to have been discovered since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Atomredmetzoloto Company (ARMZ), a mining division of Rosatom state corporation said. Drilling operations were carried under continuous permafrost conditions all the year round, the company said. In just three years, 123 wells were drilled (more than 32 km in total). At the moment, all prospecting, topographic-geodetic, geological-geochemical and geophysical works on the deposit have been completed. Rosatom invested more than 1 billion rubles to create a mining cluster based on the Sovinoye deposit. The project provides for the creation of an industrial complex for the extraction and processing of gold ores with the further production of alloyed gold bars.

In October, Russian companies delivered 2.16 tons of gold worth $124.6 million to China — a record amount since 2016. Yet, Russia remains a marginal supplier in the Chinese market that is primarily dominated by suppliers from Switzerland and Canada. Russia's gold exports to China doubled in physical terms in October compared to the same period last year, having reached 2.16 tons, the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China said, RBC reports. It goes about raw or semi-finished forms of gold. Supplies in monetary terms also doubled up to $124.6 million. Judging by China's monthly statistics, these are the largest supplies since 2016.

Supply chain agility critical to success in biggest retail golden quarter for years. Chris Clowes, executive director at global supply chain and logistics consultancy, SCALA, discusses how the agility of supply chain and logistics operations will be critical for businesses looking to make the most of this year’s golden quarter...

Russians should start selling dollars and buy euros, yuan and gold instead, businessman Oleg Deripaska believes. In his recent post on Telegram, Deripaska reacted to the statement from the author of the best-selling book "Rich Dad Poor Dad" Robert Kiyosaki about the future economic crisis in the United States. Kiyosaki, who predicted the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, encouraged investors to buy more gold, silver and bitcoin. In his post, Deripaska published a link to Kiyosaki's interview with Fox Business.

Gold prices rose to a record high on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) on April 1, RBC reports with reference to data from the trading platform. June contracts for the supply of gold rose in price by 2.14 percent, to $2,286 per ounce. The price neared the level of $2,300 and reached a new all-time high. Gold is rising in price amid expectations for the US Federal Reserve to cut the rate in June, Warren Patterson, head of commodity strategy at ING Groep NV said.

Checkout finance provider, Divido, has launched two new product capabilities ‘Divido Analytics’ and ‘Split Capability’, allowing merchants to have greater understanding and flexibility over their checkout finance experience.

As the peak festive sales season approaches, retailers face greater cybersecurity risk during the fourth quarter than any other time of year. Last year the average cost of a data breach jumped up 10% between 2023 and 2024. For retailers the cost has increased beyond the global annual average and sits at an 18% YoY increase ($2.96m).

[Sports] :
Kim Young-gun won the gold medal in men's table tennis at the Paris Paralympics, bringing the sixth gold to South Korea. Kim, ranked second in the world, grabbed the gold on Saturday after beating top-ranked Wanchai Chaiwut of Thailand three to two in the final of the men's singles MS4 event at ...

[more...]

[International] :
The U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs has projected higher tariffs as a result of Donald Trump’s U.S. election victory, not only for China but also for South Korea, Taiwan and other Asian countries. According to the U.S. broadcaster CBNC on Monday, Andrew Tilton, Goldman’s chief Asia-Pacific economist, ...

[more...]

Actor Yoo Teo has been included in the 2024 version of Gold House's 'The A100' list.The list, announced every May, nominates 100 of the world's most impactful Asian Pacific leaders in American culture...

[more...]

A pressure-induced triclinic-to-monoclinic phase transition has been caught `in the act' over a wider series of high-pressure synchrotron diffraction experiments conducted on a large, photoluminescent organo-gold(I) compound. Here, we describe the mechanism of this single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition, the onset of which occurs at ∼0.6 GPa, and we report a high-quality structure of the new monoclinic phase, refined using aspherical atomic scattering factors. Our case illustrates how conducting a fast series of diffraction experiments, enabled by modern equipment at synchrotron facilities, can lead to overestimation of the actual pressure of a phase transition due to slow transformation kinetics.

The compounds bis­(morpholine-κN)gold(I) chloride, [Au(C4H9NO)2]Cl, 1, and bis­(morpholine-κN)gold(I) bromide, [Au(C4H9NO)2]Br, 2, crystallize isotypically in space group C2/c with Z = 4. The gold atoms, which are axially positioned at the morpholine rings, lie on inversion centres (so that the N—Au—N coordination is exactly linear) and the halide anions on twofold axes. The residues are connected by a classical hydrogen bond N—H⋯halide and by a short gold⋯halide contact to form a layer structure parallel to the bc plane. The morpholine oxygen atom is not involved in classical hydrogen bonding.

The structures of 16 phosphane chalcogenide complexes of gold(I) halides, with the general formula R13-nR2nPEAuX (R1 = t-butyl; R2 = isopropyl; n = 0 to 3; E = S or Se; X = Cl, Br or I), are presented. The eight possible chlorido derivatives are: 1a, n = 3, E = S; 2a, n = 2, E = S; 3a, n = 1, E = S; 4a, n = 0, E = S; 5a, n = 3, E = Se; 6a, n = 2, E = Se; 7a, n = 1, E = Se; and 8a, n = 0, E = Se, and the corresponding bromido derivatives are 1b–8b in the same order. However, 2a and 2b were badly disordered and 8a was not obtained. The iodido derivatives are 2c, 6c and 7c (numbered as for the series a and b). All structures are solvent-free and all have Z' = 1 except for 6b and 6c (Z' = 2). All mol­ecules show the expected linear geometry at gold and approximately tetra­hedral angles P—E—Au. The presence of bulky ligands forces some short intra­molecular contacts, in particular H⋯Au and H⋯E. The Au—E bond lengths have a slight but consistent tendency to be longer when trans to a softer X ligand, and vice versa. The five compounds 1a, 5a, 6a, 1b and 5b form an isotypic set, despite the different alkyl groups in 6a. Compounds 3a/3b, 4b/8b and 6b/6c form isotypic pairs. The crystal packing can be analysed in terms of various types of secondary inter­actions, of which the most frequent are `weak' hydrogen bonds from methine hydrogen atoms to the halogenido ligands. For the structure type 1a, H⋯X and H⋯E contacts combine to form a layer structure. For 3a/3b, the packing is almost featureless, but can be described in terms of a double-layer structure involving borderline H⋯Cl/Br and H⋯S contacts. In 4a and 4b/8b, which lack methine groups, Cmeth­yl—H⋯X contacts combine to form layer structures. In 7a/7b, short C—H⋯X inter­actions form chains of mol­ecules that are further linked by association of short Au⋯Se contacts to form a layer structure. The packing of compound 6b/6c can conveniently be analysed for each independent mol­ecule separately, because they occupy different regions of the cell. Mol­ecule 1 forms chains in which the mol­ecules are linked by a Cmethine⋯Au contact. The mol­ecules 2 associate via a short Se⋯Se contact and a short H⋯X contact to form a layer structure. The packing of compound 2c can be described in terms of two short Cmethine—H⋯I contacts, which combine to form a corrugated ribbon structure. Compound 7c is the only compound in this paper to feature Au⋯Au contacts, which lead to twofold-symmetric dimers. Apart from this, the packing is almost featureless, consisting of layers with only translation symmetry except for two very borderline Au⋯H contacts.

The title complex, [Au(NCO)(C27H36N2)], was synthesized by ligand metathesis from [1,3-bis­(2,6-diiso­propyl­phen­yl)imidazol-2-yl­idene]gold(I) chloride and sodium cyanate in anhydrous tetra­hydro­furan and crystallized from toluene at 233 K in the ortho­rhom­bic space group P212121, as a neutral complex with the central Au atom di-coordinated by an N-heterocyclic carbene [Au—C = 1.963 (2) Å] and an iso­cyanate [Au—N 1.999 (2) Å] ligands, with a linear CAuNCO moiety. The crystal packing is consolidated by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The structures of ten phosphane chalcogenide complexes of gold(III) halides, with general formula R13–nR2nPEAuX3 (R1 = t-butyl; R2 = i-propyl; n = 0 to 3; E = S or Se; X = Cl or Br) are presented. The eight possible chlorido derivatives are: 9a, n = 3, E = S; 10a, n = 2, E = S; 11a, n = 1, E = S; 12a, n = 0, E = S; 13a, n = 3, E = Se; 14a, n = 2, E = Se; 15a, n = 1, E = Se; and 16a, n = 0, E = Se, and the corresponding bromido derivatives are 9b–16b in the same order. Structures were obtained for 9a, 10a (and a second polymorph 10aa), 11a (and its deutero­chloro­form monosolvate 11aa), 12a (as its di­chloro­methane monosolvate), 14a, 15a (as its deutero­chloro­form monosolvate 15aa, in which the solvent mol­ecule is disordered over two positions), 9b, 11b, 13b and 15b. The structures of 11a, 15a, 11b and 15b form an isotypic set, and those of compounds 10aa and 14a form an isotypic pair. All structures have Z' = 1. The gold(III) centres show square-planar coordination geometry and the chalcogenide atoms show approximately tetra­hedral angles (except for the very wide angle in 12a, probably associated with the bulky t-butyl groups). The bond lengths at the gold atoms are lengthened with respect to the known gold(I) derivatives, and demonstrate a considerable trans influence of S and Se donor atoms on a trans Au—Cl bond. Each compound with an isopropyl group shows a short intra­molecular contact of the type C—Hmethine⋯Xcis; these may be regarded as intra­molecular ‘weak’ hydrogen bonds, and they determine the orientation of the AuX3 groups. The mol­ecular packing is analysed in terms of various short contacts such as weak hydrogen bonds C—H⋯X and contacts between the heavier atoms, such as X⋯X (9a, 10aa, 11aa, 15aa and 9b), S⋯S (10aa, 11a and 12a) and S⋯Cl (10a). The packing of the polymorphs 10a and 10aa is thus quite different. The solvent mol­ecules take part in C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds; for 15aa, a disordered solvent region at z ≃ 0 is observed. Structure 13b involves unusual inversion-symmetric dimers with Se⋯Au and Se⋯Br contacts, further connected by Br⋯Br contacts.

Tri­chlorido­(4-methyl­piperidine)­gold(III), [AuCl3(C6H13N)], 1, crystallizes in Pbca with Z = 8. Tri­bromido­(4-methyl­piperidine)­gold(III), [AuBr3(C6H13N)], 2, crystallizes as two polymorphs, 2a in Pnma with Z = 4 (imposed mirror symmetry) and 2b, which is isotypic to 1. The Au—N bonds trans to Cl are somewhat shorter than those trans to Br, and the Au—Cl bonds trans to N are longer than those cis to N, whereas the Au—Br bonds trans to N are slightly shorter than the cis bonds. The methyl and AuX3 groups (X = halogen) occupy equatorial positions at the six-membered ring. The packing of all three structures involves chains of mol­ecules with offset stacking of the AuX3 moieties associated with short Au⋯X contacts; for 1 and 2b these are reinforced by N—H⋯X hydrogen bonds, whereas for 2a there are no classical hydrogen bonds and the chains are inter­connected by Br⋯Br contacts.

Bis(2-methyl­pyridine)­gold(I) di­bromido­aurate(I), [Au(C6H7N)2][AuBr2], (1), crystallizes in space group C2/c with Z = 4. Both gold atoms lie on twofold axes and are connected by an aurophilic contact. A second aurophilic contact leads to infinite chains of alternating cations and anions parallel to the b axis, and the residues are further connected by a short H⋯Au contact and a borderline Br⋯Br contact. Bis(3-methyl­pyridine)­gold(I) di­bromido­aurate(I), [Au(C6H7N)2][AuBr2], (2), crystallizes in space group C2/m with Z = 2. Both gold atoms lie on special positions with symmetry 2/m and are connected by an aurophilic contact; all other atoms except for one methyl hydrogen lie in mirror planes. The extended structure is closely analogous to that of 1, although the structures are formally not isotypic. Bis(3,5-di­methyl­pyridine)­gold(I) di­chlor­ido­aurate(I), [Au(C7H9N)2][AuCl2], (3) crystallizes in space group Poverline{1} with Z = 2. The cation lies on a general position, and there are two independent anions in which the gold atoms lie on inversion centres. The cation and one anion associate via three short H⋯Cl contacts to form a ribbon structure parallel to the b axis; aurophilic contacts link adjacent ribbons. Bis(3,5-di­methyl­pyridine)­gold(I) di­bromido­aurate(I), [Au(C7H9N)2][AuBr2], (4) is isotypic to 3. Attempts to make similar compounds involving 2-bromo­pyridine led instead to 2-bromopyridinium di­bromido­aurate(I)–2-bromo­pyridine (1/1), (C5H5BrN)[AuBr2]·C5H4BrN, (5), which crystallizes in space group Poverline{1} with Z = 2; all atoms lie on general positions. The 2-bromo­pyridinium cation is linked to the 2-bromo­pyridine mol­ecule by an N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. Two formula units aggregate to form inversion-symmetric dimers involving Br⋯Br, Au⋯Br and H⋯Br contacts.

The structures of seven gold(III) halide derivatives of general formula LAuX3 (L = methyl­pyridines or di­methyl­pyridines, X = Cl or Br) are presented: tri­chlorido­(2-methyl­pyridine)­gold(III), [AuCl3(C6H7N)], 1 (as two polymorphs 1a and 1b); tri­bromido­(2-methyl­pyridine)­gold(III), [AuBr3(C6H7N)], 2; tri­bromido­(3-methyl­pyridine)­gold(III), [AuBr3(C6H7N)], 3; tri­bromido­(2,4-di­meth­yl­pyridine)­gold(III), [AuBr3(C7H9N)], 4; tri­chlorido­(3,5-di­methylpyridine)­gold(III), [AuCl3(C7H9N)], 5; tri­bromido­(3,5-di­methyl­pyridine)­gold(III), [AuBr3(C7H9N)], 6, and tri­chlorido­(2,6-di­methyl­pyridine)­gold(III), [AuCl3(C7H9N)], 7. Additionally, the structure of 8, the 1:1 adduct of 2 and 6, [AuBr3(C6H7N)]·[AuBr3(C7H9N)], is included. All the structures crystallize solvent-free, and all have Z' = 1 except for 5 and 7, which display crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry, and 4, which has Z' = 2. 1a and 2 are isotypic. The coordination geometry at the gold(III) atoms is, as expected, square-planar. Four of the crystals (1a, 1b, 2 and 8) were non-merohedral twins, and these structures were refined using the ‘HKLF 5’ method. The largest inter­planar angles between the pyridine ring and the coordination plane are observed for those structures with a 2-methyl substituent of the pyridine ring. The Au—N bonds are consistently longer trans to Br (average 2.059 Å) than trans to Cl (average 2.036 Å). In the crystal packing, a frequent feature is the offset-stacked and approximately rectangular dimeric moiety (Au—X)2, with anti­parallel Au—X bonds linked by Au⋯X contacts at the vacant positions axial to the coordination plane. The dimers are connected by further secondary inter­actions (Au⋯X or X⋯X contacts, `weak' C—H⋯X hydrogen bonds) to form chain, double chain (`ladder') or layer structures, and in several cases linked again in the third dimension. Only 1b and 7 contain no offset dimers; these structures instead involve C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds combined with Cl⋯Cl contacts (1b) or Cl⋯π contacts (7). The packing patterns of seven further complexes LAuX3 involving simple pyridines (taken from the Cambridge Structural Database) are compared with those of 1–8.