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Foreign minister disputes U.S. accusations of Iranian plot to kill Trump

Iran's foreign minister is denying the U.S. Justice Department's accusation that Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was behind an effort to kill President-elect Donald Trump.




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Aid groups say Israel misses U.S. deadline to boost humanitarian help for Gaza

Israel has failed to meet U.S. demands to allow greater humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip, where conditions are worse than at any point in the 13-month-old war, international aid organizations said Tuesday.




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Advanced Academy 2024 Additional Titanium guest charge, 2 pmts of $499 USD per person, charged 30 days apart

Advanced Academy 2024 Additional Titanium guest charge, 2 pmts of $499 USD per person, charged 30 days apart

Price: $499.00




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Advanced Academy 2024 Additional Titanium Guest Wednesday night Only one payment of $299 USD

Advanced Academy 2024 Additional Titanium Guest Wednesday night Only one payment of $299 USD

Price: $299.00




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MCE2025: Titanium Faculty Coach Alumni Special - 3 Payments of $232.50 USD billed 30 days apart

MCE2025: Titanium Faculty Coach Alumni Special - 3 Payments of $232.50 USD billed 30 days apart

Price: $232.50




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Billie Jean King Cup and Davis Cup encourage donations for Spanish flood recovery efforts

With the finals of the Billie Jean King Cup and Davis Cup set to be played in Malaga, Spain, this month, the International Tennis Federation is making a donation to the Spanish Red Cross to support relief and recovery efforts for the recent catastrophic flooding in the country.




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Titanium Monthly Membershp (ID: MASS Titanium Monthly Membership)

Titanium Monthly Membershp

Price: $1,296.00

Description: To receive Gold, Gold Plus, Diamond, or Titanium membership you must first apply and be accepted to the program and then purchase the 'Home Study System' for 3 payments of $499 USD (30 days apart). With your Home Study System you receive 3 free months of Gold Membership. *Do not purchase any MASS products without first applying to become a member at:?https://www.musicacademysuccess.com/apply/
If you purchase memberships without having your application approved, you will not be allowed to join the program.

Required For Titanium Membership: Must gross at least $25,000 USD per month to apply.

?

  • All the benefits of Gold AND Gold Plus AND Diamond membership (listed below) PLUS:
  • Group Zoom video coaching with Marty Fort every?3 weeks discussing high level music academy?concepts and business ventures outside of the?music academy industry. Seven-figure sessions for seven-figure (& aspiring seven-figure) thinkers!
  • Block out two ZIP CODES as long as you’re a Titanium member.?
  • One free seat at the annual Advanced Academy (sometimes as presenter, sometimes as auditor). ?No need to participate in contests or pay full rate. Bring guest for discounted rate of 4 payments of $199, each 30 days apart.
  • Elite Closed / Private Titanium Facebook Group with DIRECT answers to some questions from Marty (not his staff).
  • Two 911 Fifteen minute calls with Marty every year.


Titanium members ALSO receive all Diamond, Gold Plus, and Gold level benefits:

A. Live monthly Gold and bi-monthly Gold Plus member group coaching call where you can ask me questions about your business.

B. Audio archive of our monthly Q&A calls

C. CDs of the call of the month.

D. The MASS Resource Directory. Full of important info for Academy owners.

E. Special MASS members only monthly newsletter and special reports mailed to your home.

F. Chance to compete in the MASS School of the Year contest and win $1,000 in cash and a full day consultation visit with Marty Fort.

G. Members only Facebook page.

H.?Unlimited MP3 downloads of the Gold and Gold Plus audio archive, including Office Staff Training calls.

I. Block out seven of your most hated competitors.

J. Get an even more reduced rate for annual conference registrations.

K.? Monthly Office Staff Training call where you and your staff can ask questions of Marty Fort and his office staff.

L.? One monthly semi-private (2-3 schools) coaching call with Marty Fort to get personalized coaching for your school.

M.? Closed Diamond Facebook page just for Diamond members to discuss advanced topics.

N.? Wholesale printing and shipping pricing of the MASS manuals as they are updated for as long as you are a current member.


The MASS Gold, Gold +, Diamond & Titanium membership fees are non refundable.




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Iranian dissident leader sees troubled regime entering 'its final stages'

Maryam Rajavi, president-elect of the world's largest Iranian dissident organization, says in an exclusive interview that the Tehran theocratic regime is on its last legs and warns there can be no real peace in the Middle East so long as the mullahs remain in power.




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Sissy & Shaniqua, Then & Now

We first met Okhui ‘Sissy’ Benlein & Shaniqua McCready on the 1900 block of Pennsylvania Avenue back in 2018. This episode, we reunite with Sissy & Shaniqua, we listen back together to their original recordings, and we ask them, “How’s life changed in the past three years?”




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NASCAR levies $600,000 in fines, suspends nine team members for race manipulation

Drama continued to encompass NASCAR ahead of its championship-deciding season finale as the sanctioning body issued $600,000 in fines and suspended nine team members from three different teams on Tuesday for alleged race manipulation at Martinsville Speedway.




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Commanders QB Jayden Daniels' jersey reaches Top 5 in sales at NFL Shop

Washington Commanders rookie quarterback Jayden Daniels has repeatedly said he doesn't see himself as a superstar, but the latest data from the NFL Shop would disagree. The No. 2 pick in this year's draft ranked fifth in jersey sales from April 1 through Oct. 31.




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Ohtani, Dodgers celebrate World Series victory with parade and stadium celebration

The Los Angeles Dodgers, including Shohei Ohtani and his dog, celebrated their eighth World Series championship with a downtown parade on Friday.




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World Series averaged a record 12.9 million viewers in Japan with Ohtani and Yamamoto playing

With Shohei Ohtani and Yoshinobu Yamamoto making their first appearance, the World Series averaged 12.9 million viewers in Japan, making it the most-watched Fall Classic in the nation's history.




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Dodgers star Shohei Ohtani has surgery to repair labrum tear in shoulder after World Series injury

Shohei Ohtani had arthroscopic surgery on Tuesday to repair a labrum tear in his left shoulder, following an injury the Los Angeles Dodgers star suffered during Game 2 of the World Series on Oct. 26.




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Ohtani, Lindor and Marte are NL MVP finalists; Judge, Witt and Soto contend for AL honor

Los Angeles Dodgers star Shohei Ohtani is a finalist for his first National League MVP award after winning the AL honor twice, joined among the top three in NL voting by New York Mets shortstop Francisco Lindor and Arizona second baseman Ketel Marte.




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Indiana hires Stephanie White as coach to lead Caitlin Clark and the Fever

The Indiana Fever hired Stephanie White as coach on Friday, putting her in charge of a team led by WNBA Rookie of the Year Caitlin Clark.





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CONSENTITE AI CATALANI DI VOTARE

Questo è il manifesto firmato da 6 premi Nobel e altre 50 personalità come Yoko Ono Lennon, Peter Gabriel, Andrea Camilleri, Éric Cantonà.
 
Foto: Andrea Camilleri



LETCATALANSVOTE.ORG
 
24-07-2017.-
 
Una grande maggioranza di catalani ha manifestato, ripetutamente e in diverse forme, il desiderio di esercitare il diritto democratico a votare sul proprio futuro politico.

Questa ferma richiesta di votare discende da una lunga serie di contrasti tra i governi di Catalogna e di Spagna sul grado di autonomia culturale, politica e finanziaria che deve essere garantita ai catalani, nonostante i numerosi tentativi di giungere ad una soluzione accettabile condivisa.
Come dimostrano i precedenti del Québec e della Scozia, il modo migliore di risolvere i legittimi contrasti interni è il ricorso agli strumenti della democrazia.

Impedire ai catalani di votare appare in contrasto con i principi ispiratori delle società democratiche.

Pertanto, rivolgiamo un appello al governo spagnolo e alle altre istituzioni statali, così come alle omologhe istituzioni catalane, a lavorare congiuntamente per far sì che la cittadinanza catalana possa votare sul proprio futuro politico e affinché successivamente, sulla base del risultato, si aprano negoziati secondo il principio di buona fede.
 




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La Germania divisa tra etica e diritto

È giusto considerare Puigdemont alla stregua di un terrorista o di un ladro, perché di questo si tratta, consegnandolo nelle braccia di un sistema che potrebbe condannarlo a 30 anni di carcere?



CORRIERE DELLA SERA
26-03-2018
 
PAOLO VALENTINO
 
È una classica contraddizione weberiana, tra etica dei valori e etica della responsabilità, quella che si trova a fronteggiare la Germania, con l’arresto del leader catalano Puigdemont, in esecuzione di un mandato di cattura europeo emesso dalle autorità spagnole. La Repubblica federale, come tutti i Paesi della Ue, ha sottoscritto un meccanismo basato sulla reciproca fiducia, in grado di rendere più semplici le procedure di estradizione all’interno dello spazio comunitario. Come spiega oggi nell’intervista al Corriere il professor Martin Heger, il mandato di cattura europeo implica che ogni Paese si fidi dello Stato di diritto di un altro e viceversa. Per questo, quando viene emesso per una delle 32 categorie di reati gravi previste, comporta una procedura squisitamente giuridica, priva cioè di influenze politiche.

Responsabilità dei giudici dello Schleswig-Hollstein, il Land dove il leader secessionista è stato intercettato su segnalazione dei servizi spagnoli e fermato, è dunque di verificare che i reati contestati dai colleghi madrileni a Puigdemont siano compatibili con quelli previsti dal codice penale tedesco e se del caso concedere l’estradizione. È poco probabile però, secondo gli esperti, che questa venga decisa sulla base dell’accusa di ribellione, visto che il reato analogo in Germania, quello di «alto tradimento», è legato indissolubilmente alla violenza o all’incitazione alla violenza. Puigdemont non ha mai lanciato alcun appello alle armi, a meno di non considerare tale l’appello al voto. È invece più verosimile, ancorché ugualmente controverso, che l’accusa buona per estradarlo si riveli alla fine quella di appropriazione indebita di denaro pubblico, usato dall’ex presidente catalano per organizzare una consultazione considerata illegale e in violazione dell’ordine costituzionale spagnolo.
 
Fin qui l’etica della responsabilità, appunto, cui difficilmente la Germania potrà sottrarsi nel rispetto delle regole europee liberamente sottoscritte e della fiducia dovuta ai partner. «La Spagna è uno Stato di diritto», ha ribadito ieri il portavoce del governo tedesco, Steffen Seibert. I valori sono un’altra cosa, specialmente per un Paese ad altissima sensibilità democratica e garantista come in ragione della sua storia è la Repubblica Federale. Forse con una punta di esagerazione, la Sueddeutsche Zeitung ha toccato il nervo scoperto di questa vicenda, definendo Puigdemont il «primo prigioniero politico» della Germania.

Sarà possibile per il governo tedesco ignorare questa semplice verità e trincerarsi dietro la procedura tecnica? È giusto considerare Puigdemont alla stregua di un terrorista o di un ladro, perché di questo si tratta, consegnandolo nelle braccia di un sistema che potrebbe condannarlo a 30 anni di carcere? «Il mandato di cattura europeo non è uno strumento per regolare questioni di politica interna con l’aiuto di pubblici ministeri stranieri», commenta Wolfgang Janisch sul giornale bavarese. Né la fiducia reciproca su cui si fonda l’intero costrutto può essere cieca, ignorando il sospetto di persecuzione politica che accompagna l’azione delle autorità centrali spagnole contro i leader del movimento catalano. Perché se è vero che la secessione catalana non è legale, né costituzionale, è difficile per la Germania come per ogni altro Paese accettare che Madrid tenti di sconfiggere un movimento di massa democratico solo con la forza o il codice penale esteso all’intero territorio comunitario grazie al mandato di cattura europeo. Quanto sia sanabile la contraddizione weberiana tra responsabilità e principi è impossibile dire. Forse non lo è. E questo pone il nuovo governo tedesco in una posizione molto complicata, tanto più alla luce degli ottimi rapporti da sempre intercorsi tra Angela Merkel e Mariano Rajoy. Il caso è già politico. I Verdi suggeriscono che Berlino promuova un negoziato tra il governo di Madrid e i leader catalani, affidando la mediazione alla Commissione europea.

Una cosa certa. Nella sua improbabilità, Puigdemont ha internazionalizzato la vicenda catalana, confermando che nella Ue non esistono più crisi locali, che ogni battito d’ali provoca ripercussioni profonde e che farebbe bene l’Europa a prenderne atto.
 




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The Future of Botanical Monography: Report from an international workshop, 12–16 March 2012, Smolenice, Slovak Republic

Monographs are fundamental for progress in systematic  botany. They are the vehicles for circumscribing and naming taxa, determining distributions and ecology,  assessing  relationships for formal classification, and interpreting long-term  and short-term  dimensions of the evolutionary process. Despite their importance, fewer monographs are now being prepared by the newer generation  of systematic  botanists, who are understandably involved principally with DNA data and analysis, especially for answering  phylogenetic, biogeographic, and population  genetic questions.  As monographs provide  hypotheses regarding species  boundaries and plant relationships, new insights  in many plant groups  are urgently  needed.  Increasing  pressures  on biodiversity, especially in tropical and developing regions of the world, emphasize this point. The results from a workshop (with 21 participants) reaffirm  the central role that monographs play in systematic  botany. But, rather than advocating abbreviated models  for monographic products,  we recommend a full presentation of relevant  information. Electronic  publication offers numerous  means of illustration of taxa, habitats, characters, and statistical and phylogenetic analyses, which previously  would have been prohibitively costly. Open Access and semantically enhanced  linked electronic  publications provide instant access to content from anywhere  in the world, and at the same time link this content to all underlying data and digital resources  used in the work.  Resources  in support  of monography, especially  databases  and widely  and easily  accessible  digital  literature and specimens, are now more powerful  than ever before, but interfacing and interoperability of databases  are much needed. Priorities  for new resources  to be developed  include an index of type collections and an online global chromosome database. Funding  for sabbaticals for monographers to work uninterrupted on major projects  is strongly  encouraged. We recommend that doctoral  students  be assigned  smaller  genera,  or natural  portions  of larger  ones (subgenera, sections,  etc.), to gain the necessary expertise for producing a monograph, including training in a broad array of data collection (e.g., morphology, anatomy, palynology, cytogenetics, DNA techniques, ecology, biogeography), data analysis (e.g., statistics,  phylogenetics, models), and nomenclature. Training programs, supported by institutes, associations, and agencies, provide means for passing on procedures and perspectives of challenging botanical  monography to the next generation  of young systematists.

Source: Crespo, A., Crisci, J.V., Dorr, L.J., Ferencová, Z., Frodin, D., Geltman, D.V., Kilian, N., Linder, H.P., Lohmann, L.G., Oberprieler, C., Penev, L., Smith, G.F., Thomas, W., Tulig, M., Turland, N. & Zhang, X.-C. 2013. The Future of Botanical Monography: Report from an international workshop, 12–16 March 2012, Smolenice, Slovak Republic. Taxon 62: 4–20.




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A new generation database to help ecological research on marine organisms

Ecosystem functioning, or the role which organisms play in an ecosystem, is becoming increasingly important in marine ecological and conservation. To facilitate such studies an international team of scientists lead by S. Faulwetter from the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HMRC) present the Polytraitsdatabase that aims to provide re-usable, and accessible data on marine bristle worms. The paper describing the new database was published in the innovative Biodiversity Data Journal, a pioneer in the publication of integrated biological data.

Benthic organisms participate in a number of biological processes in world water basins. Their functional diversity is an important community property demonstrating the role organisms have in the ecosystem and helping to understand how the community reacts to environmental changes. Polychaetes, or bristle worms, are marine worms famous for their peculiar shapes and often vivid coloration. More than 10,000 species are described in the class worldwide, most of which living in the shelf zone of the seas and oceans, burrowing in the sediment or swimming among the plankton.

At present, the Polytraits database contains almost 20,000 records on morphological, behavioural and reproductive characteristics of more than 1,000 species, all referenced by literature sources. All data on these engaging organisms can be freely accessed through the project website in different ways and formats, both human-readable and machine-readable. The new database presents a rich and easy to use collection, which cover morphological, reproductive and behavioural characteristics of polychaetes, as well as information on environmental preferences in an attempt to facilitate ecological research and conservation studies.

The researchers also provide a leading-edge approach to accessing, integrating and re-using the data. Through programming interfaces, the life-cycle information is automatically integrated into the Polychaetes Scratchpads, together with other data on polychaetes. Scratchpads are easy to use, adaptable, and provide powerful tools for managing biodiversity data. This taxon-centric virtual research environment allows browsing the taxonomic classification and retrieving various kinds of relevant information for each taxon, among which are also the collected biological traits.

Furthermore, the data are also accessible through Encyclopedia of Life's TraitBank which currently features over 3 million records related to more than 250 attributes for 272,720 taxa, including the Polytraits data. TraitBank serves as a provider for aggregated species trait data. All data uploaded there are archived and integrated with trait information from other sources to address issues of standardization of scientific data. This is the first complex database for marine organisms to be published in such an innovative way and demonstrates yet another example of collaboration between the data publisher Pensoft and Encyclopedia of Life.

 





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Article Alert: Scientific names of organisms: attribution, rights, and licensing

Background: As biological disciplines extend into the ‘big data’ world, they will need a names-based infrastructure toindex and interconnect distributed data. The infrastructure must have access to all names of all organisms if it is to manage all information. Those who compile lists of species hold different views as to the intellectual property rights that apply to the lists. This creates uncertainty that impedes the development of a much-needed infrastructure for sharing biological data in the digital world.
 
Findings: The laws in the United States of America and European Union are consistent with the position that scientific names of organisms and their compilation in checklists, classifications or taxonomic revisions are not subject to copyright. Compilations of names, such as classifications or checklists, are not creative in the sense of copyright law. Many content providers desire credit for their efforts.
 
Conclusions: A ‘blue list’ identifies elements of checklists, classifications and monographs to which intellectual property rights do not apply. To promote sharing, authors of taxonomic content, compilers, intermediaries, and aggregators should receive citable recognition for their contributions, with the greatest recognition being given to the originating authors. Mechanisms for achieving this are discussed.
 
Original Source:  Patterson et al. Scientific names of organisms: attribution, rights, and licensing, BMC Research Notes 2014, 7:79. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-S15-S1 

Full article available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-S15-S1 

 





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Article Alert: Indirect interactions among tropical tree species through shared rodent seed predators: a novel mechanism of tree species coexistence

A new aticle published in Ecology Letters  looks into the indirect interactions among tropical tree species through shared rodent seed predators. The reasearch is part of the work of EU BON postdoc Carol X. Garzon-Lopez.

Abstract: The coexistence of numerous tree species in tropical forests is commonly explained by negative dependence of recruitment on the conspecific seed and tree density due to specialist natural enemies that attack seeds and seedlings (‘Janzen–Connell’ effects). Less known is whether guilds of shared seed predators can induce a negative dependence of recruitment on the density of different species of the same plant functional group. We studied 54 plots in tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, with contrasting mature tree densities of three coexisting large seeded tree species with shared seed predators. Levels of seed predation were far better explained by incorporating seed densities of all three focal species than by conspecific seed density alone. Both positive and negative density dependencies were observed for different species combinations. Thus, indirect interactions via shared seed predators can either promote or reduce the coexistence of different plant functional groups in tropical forest.

Carol X. Garzon-Lopez et. al. (2015) Indirect interactions among tropical tree species through shared rodent seed predators: a novel mechanism of tree species coexistence. Ecology Letters. doi: 10.1111/ele.12452





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Museum für Naturkunde & the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum are hosting two events in June, 2016

The Museum für Naturkunde and the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum are honored to be hosting the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (SPNHC) as well as the 2nd International Conference on Biodiversity Biobanking of the Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) in Berlin from June, 20 to June, 25, 2016. The conferences will be held in parallel at the andel’s Hotel Berlin, Landsberger Allee.

The registration for both conferences is now open. Please check the conference web sites for information on the conference program, field trips, social events, accommodation, registration and abstract submission. All social events and field trips as well as the opening session on Tuesday are joint events for attendees of both conferences. During lunch and coffee breaks one will have the chance to visit the vendor booths and chat with attendees of both conferences. The sessions of both conferences cover complementary topics to avoid duplications.

 





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SUSTAIN-EU-ASEAN cluster meting: organic and non-organic resourches & climate actions and cities

SUSTAIN-EU-ASEAN organises the first bi-regional cluster meeting during which projects from both Southeast Asia and Europe can meet in person! This cluster meeting will take place in Bogor, Indonesia on 19 Aug 2014, in parallel with the ASEAN Science and Technology Week (ASTW). The two tematic clusters are:
  • Climate Action and Cities: this cluster brings together a number of projects dealing with the effects of climate change on urban space (also referring to issues like water management, etc.)
  • Organic and Non-Organic Resources: this cluster contains projects that deal with a range of resources and materials problems crucial for economic and social well-being in Southeast Asia
Purpose of the meeting/Goals:
 
  • Meet and get to know fellow projects working on similar topics of relevance to ASEAN
  • Discuss results and synergies, exchange on methodologies, plan for joint events, applications, publications, etc. or simply see what's going on in the other region in this topic.
  • Plan concrete next joint steps with projects in the cluster.
  • Benefit from SUSTAIN EU-ASEAN support (e.g. in your dissemination, exploitation and development activities) and inputs (on the funding environment)
  • Share your views on thematic gaps in current research - SUSTAIN is mandated to carry the message to the European Commission
Find more information in the attached brochure.

 

 





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Distributed European School of Taxonomy (DEST): Botanical Nomenclature training course

Distributed European School of Taxonomy (DEST) is organizing a Botanical Nomenclature training course targeted at MSc students, PhD students, early career researchers,  professional systematists/taxonomists and anyone who is interested in the philosophy of Biological Systematics. The course has a duration of one week and will take place between 26-30 January 2015 at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Deadline for registrationis 10 October 2014. Participants will receive notification by 24 October 2014 whether accepted to the course. To register and to learn more about the course visit the official webpage: http://www.taxonomytraining.eu/content/botanical-nomenclature-3

Course description
This in-depth course will teach the principles of plant nomenclature according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN) so that participants can apply good nomenclatural practice when undertaking taxonomic revisions, compiling checklists etc. This will be achieved by lectures illustrated with examples from the ICN, workshop sessions applying what has been learned to "real life" cases, and by encouraging participants to discuss nomenclatural problems they have encountered.

Participants will have time to pursue their own research interests using the collections at Kew, with the emphasis on identifying and solving nomenclatural problems.
Short seminars will give participants the opportunity to present nomenclatural problems relevant to their own research.

 







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Katalanische Politiker treten in unbefristeten Hungerstreik

Zwei der inhaftierten Anführer der katalanischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung sind am Wochenende in den Hungerstreik getreten. Der ehemalige Minister Jordi Turull und der Aktivist Jordi Sánchez wollten damit nicht nur auf ihr Schicksal aufmerksam machen.

Ein Foto der zum Teil seit mehr als einem Jahr inhaftierten Katalanen im Innenhof des Gefängnisses Lledoners. Der erste und dritte von links sind in einen Hungerstreik getreten: Jordi Sànchez, Oriol Junqueras, Jordi Turull, Joaquim Forn, Jordi Cuixart, Josep Rull and Raul Romeva (v.l.n.r.).
©Maria Vernet / Omnium Cultural
AFP


STERN
 
2-12-2018
 
Wenige Wochen vor dem Beginn eines Prozesses gegen 18 führende Personen der katalanischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung sind zwei der Angeklagten in einen unbefristeten Hungerstreik getreten. Die im katalanischen Gefängnis von Lledoners unweit von Barcelona einsitzenden Abgeordneten Jordi Sànchez und Jordi Turull gaben am Samstag den Beginn ihrer Aktion bekannt.

In einer Erklärung warfen der ehemalige Minister Jordi Turull, der im März 2018 verhaftet wurde, und Jordi Sànchez, der Ex-Vorsitzende der Assemblea Nacional Catalana, dem spanischen Verfassungsgericht vor, ihr Berufungsverfahren vor dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (EGMR) zu blockieren. Außerdem verwehre die spanische Justiz mehrere Verfassungsbeschwerden, wie sie auf Twitter mitteilten.

Den Politikern drohen 25 Jahre Haft

Ende Oktober hatte das Oberste Gericht in Madrid nach einjährigen Ermittlungen die Eröffnung eines Verfahrens gegen den früheren katalanischen Vizepräsidenten Oriol Junqueras, Turull, Sànchez und 15 weitere Separatisten wegen Rebellion, Ungehorsams und Unterschlagung angeordnet. Ein Termin für die Prozesseröffnung wurde noch nicht genannt. Nach Medieneinschätzung werden die Katalanen erst Anfang 2019 erstmals auf der Anklagebank sitzen. Die Anklage fordert bis zu 25 Jahre Haft für die katalanischen Unabhängigkeitspolitiker.
 
Nach dem Unabhängigkeitsreferendum vom 1. Oktober 2017, das die Madrider Regierung für illegal erklärt hatte, und einem anschließenden Mehrheitsbeschluss des katalanischen Parlaments hatte die spanische Regierung unter dem damaligen Ministerpräsidenten Mariano Rajoy den Regionalpräsident Carles Puigdemont und sein Kabinett abgesetzt. Madrid stellte die autonome Region unter Zwangsverwaltung.

Seit mehr als einem Jahr sitzen zahlreiche Politiker der damaligen Regionalregierung und Aktivisten der Unabhängigkeitsbewegung in U-Haft. Mehrere katalanische Politiker, darunter der abgesetzte Regionalpräsident Carles Puigdemont, flohen ins Exil. Puigdemont war im März 2018 in Deutschland auf der Durchreise von Finnland nach Belgien festgenommen worden. Das Schleswig-Holsteinische Oberlandesgericht hielt den Auslieferungsantrag der Spanier wegen des Vorwurfs der Rebellion für unbegründet.

Bei den von Madrid kurzfristig einberufenen Neuwahlen im Dezember 2017 setzten sich aber erneut die Parteien durch, die eine Trennung von Spanien fordern. Turull und Sànchez wurden ungeachtet ihrer U-Haft ins Parlament von Barcelona gewählt.
 
+++ Lesen Sie auch den Hintergrundartikel: "Warum Katalonien so vehement die Unabhängigkeit fordert" +++
 




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Spaniens Richter tanzen nach der Pfeife der Politiker

Wegen fragwürdiger Anklagen, Urteile und Ernennungen gerät die spanische Justiz zunehmend ins Zwielicht. Die politischen Parteien haben zu grossen Einfluss auf die Ernennung der Richter.


«Gerechtigkeit!» Spaniens Justiz gerät ins Zwielicht, etwa durch die Kehrtwende des obersten Gerichts im Fall der Grundbuchgebühren. (Bild: Susana Vera / Reuters)


NZZ

Ute Müller
13.12.2018.
 

Dass die spanische Justiz langsam arbeitet und völlig überlastet ist, ist allseits bekannt. Dass aber die politischen Parteien Einfluss bis in die obersten Richtergremien haben, war den Bürgern lange Zeit nur wenig bewusst. Doch das änderte sich jüngst mit der Ernennung des Vorsitzenden des Generalrats der Justiz (Consejo General del Poder Judicial). Das Gremium entscheidet über die Besetzung der wichtigsten Richterposten im Land.

Kaum war bekanntgeworden, dass Manuel Marchena, ein konservativer Richter an Spaniens oberstem Gerichtshof, zum Vorsitzenden dieses Rats gekürt werden sollte, drang Jubel aus dem Senat. Ignacio Cosido, der Sprecher der konservativen Fraktion in der kleinen Parlamentskammer, liess seine 146 Amtskollegen per Whatsapp wissen, dass man mit Marchenas Ernennung Einfluss auf die Prozesse gegen korrupte Politiker in den eigenen Reihen erlangen werde, denn man könne jetzt die Strafkammer des obersten Gerichts «von hinten kontrollieren». Die Textnachricht wurde der Zeitung «El Español» zugespielt, ein Aufschrei ging durch die gesamte Medienlandschaft.
 
Kuhhandel zwischen Parteien

Auch aus den Reihen der Richter wurde Kritik laut. Ramón Trillo, ehemaliger Vorsitzender einer der Kammern des obersten Gerichtshofs, rügte, dass die Richter immer mehr am Gängelband der Politik geführt würden. Die Verflechtung zwischen Richtern und Parteien beeinträchtige das Ansehen der Justiz. In der Tat ist die Auswahl der 20 Richter des Generalrats der Justiz eine Art Kuhhandel zwischen den führenden Parteien. Wenn das rechte Lager den Präsidenten stellen darf, dann dürfen die Linken die Mehrheit, nämlich 11 der Richter, ernennen und umgekehrt. So stand es klipp und klar in der Textnachricht von Cosido.

Marchena blieb nichts anderes übrig, als seine Ernennung zum Präsidenten des Generalrats der Justiz abzulehnen. Dafür will er nun an seinem brisantesten Fall weiterarbeiten, nämlich am Prozess gegen den ehemaligen katalanischen Vizeregierungschef Oriol Junqueras und 17 weitere katalanische Separatisten. Der Prozess soll im Januar beginnen.

Junqueras, der seit über einem Jahr in Untersuchungshaft sitzt, liess bereits über seinen Anwalt mitteilen, dass er Marchena wegen Befangenheit ablehnen werde. Eine Gruppe von vier Mitangeklagten folgte diesem Schritt. Marchena sei der Protagonist eines Paktes, der darauf abziele, die spanische Justiz zu kontrollieren, hiess es zur Begründung. Die offenkundige Nähe zu einer bestimmten politischen Gruppierung lasse Zweifel an seiner Neutralität bei diesem Prozess aufkommen. Die Angeklagten stützten ihren Befangenheitsantrag unter anderem auf die Textnachricht von Cosido.
 
Umstrittener Vorwurf der Rebellion

Für die inhaftierten Katalanen sieht es nicht günstig aus. In der Anklageschrift von Pablo Llarena, ebenfalls einem konservativen Magistraten des obersten Gerichtshofs, wird der Vorwurf erhoben, die katalanischen Politiker hätten eine «Rebellion» angezettelt, um die Unabhängigkeit ihrer Region zu erreichen. Llarena wirft ihnen im Weiteren zivilen Ungehorsam und die Veruntreuung öffentlicher Mittel bei der Durchführung der illegalen Volksabstimmung für die Loslösung Kataloniens von Spanien vor. Im Ausland hat man keine «Rebellion» erkannt. Die Behörden in vier europäischen Ländern haben Auslieferungsgesuche der spanischen Justiz gegen den ehemaligen katalanischen Regierungschef Carles Puigdemont und einige seiner Getreuen deshalb abgelehnt.
 
Auch in Spanien regt sich Unmut über die Art, wie die Justiz den Katalonien-Konflikt behandelt. Vor einigen Tagen unterzeichneten 300 namhafte spanische Juristen und Verfassungsrechtler ein Manifest, in dem sie einen Prozess wegen «Rebellion» gegen die katalanischen Unabhängigkeitsbefürworter als «Irrtum» bezeichneten und die Freilassung der katalanischen Politiker verlangten. Der Untersuchungsrichter und die Staatsanwaltschaft hätten sich bei ihren Anschuldigungen auf den Artikel 472 des Strafgesetzbuchs gestützt, der die Anwendung von Gewalt mit Einsatz von Feuerwaffen oder Sprengstoff voraussetze. Dies sei aber mitnichten der Fall gewesen.
 
«In dubio pro banco»

Für grösste Empörung sorgte kürzlich auch ein umstrittenes Urteil beziehungsweise eine abrupte Kehrtwende des obersten Gerichtshofs. Ein Entscheid zu den Grundbuchgebühren bei Hypothekarverträgen fiel zuerst zugunsten der Bankkunden aus, kurz darauf wurde er ins Gegenteil korrigiert. Den Banken wurden damit Rückzahlungen an die Kunden in Höhe von mehreren Milliarden Euro erspart. «In dubio pro banco» (im Zweifel für die Bank), höhnten die Medien. «Mit diesem Urteil stehen wir da, als ob wir nach der Pfeife der Banken tanzen würden», räumte Nicolás Maurandi ein, einer der 28 Richter am obersten Gerichtshof.
 
Blamiert hat sich Spaniens Rechtsprechung auch im Ausland. So urteilte der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte in Strassburg im November, dass der baskische Politiker Arnaldo Otegi, der einst als Anwalt für Mitglieder der baskischen Terrororganisation ETA arbeitete, keinen fairen Prozess erhalten habe. Die spanische Justiz muss nun ein gegen ihn verhängtes Berufsverbot überprüfen. Spanien ist allerdings nicht das einzige Land, dessen Urteile von europäischen Gerichten kassiert werden.

Das gleiche Gericht verhängte eine Geldbusse von 14 400 Euro gegen Spanien, weil spanische Richter zwei jugendliche Katalanen zu einer Gefängnisstrafe verurteilt hatten; die beiden hatten bei einer Demonstration ein Bild des früheren Königs Juan Carlos verbrannt. Die belgischen Behörden wiederum nahmen einen mallorquinischen Rapper namens Josep Miquel Arenas in Schutz, weil er wegen Majestätsbeleidigung sowie der «Verherrlichung» von ETA-Verbrechen für drei Jahre hinter Gitter gehen sollte. Der unter dem Künstlernamen Valtonyc bekannte 25-Jährige kann weiterhin nicht nach Spanien reisen, ohne festgenommen zu werden.
 
Unabhängigkeit nicht gewährleistet

Die Staatengruppe gegen Korruption (Greco), eine Unterorganisation des Europarats, monierte in ihrem letzten Bericht die undurchsichtigen politischen Geschäfte bei der Ernennung von Richtern. Sie empfahl, mindestens die Hälfte der Richter sollte von den Kollegen ernannt werden und nicht vom Parlament oder vom Senat. Die unselige Praxis reiche bis in die Provinzen Spaniens und müsse dringend korrigiert werden.

Die Greco vermisst auch objektive Kriterien bei der Kandidatenauswahl. Die zwölf Mitglieder des spanischen Verfassungsgerichts müssen nicht einmal Richter sein, es genügt, dass sie eine juristische Laufbahn eingeschlagen haben. Vier der Mitglieder des Verfassungsgerichts, das sich mit den heikelsten gesellschaftlichen Themen befasst, werden vom Parlament ernannt, vier vom Senat, zwei von der Regierung und nur zwei vom obersten Richtergremium. Es verwundert nicht, dass Spanien bei den jährlichen Umfragen über die Unabhängigkeit der Justiz immer einen der hintersten Ränge belegt.
 
 




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An Automatic Weighting System for Wild Animals Based in an Artificial Neural Network: How to Weigh Wild Animals without Causing Stress





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EMODnet Workshop on mechanisms and guidelines to mobilise historical data into biogeographic databases




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Characterisation of false-positive observations in botanical surveys






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Untold Afghanistan

In the early 2000’s the US helped fund Afghanistan's first private university. It was part of an effort to help rebuild Afghanistan's education system. Over time, the American University of Afghanistan has become a symbol of hope for many young Afghan men and women who dream about higher education. But that very hope has also made those students, and their campus in Kabul, targets for extremists.

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(Two years after the attack on the American University in Kabul, school officials have stepped up security. That means the campus has the look and feel of a military compound. Credit: Farzanah Wahidy/PRI)





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Trump chooses New York Rep. Elise Stefanik as ambassador to United Nations

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Netanyahu Says He and Trump 'Eye to Eye' on Iranian Threat; Israel Warns Europe After Anti-Jewish Attack




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Human identity cannot be separated from our nonhuman kin. From forest ecology to the human microbiome, emerging research suggests that being human is a complicated journey made possible only by the good graces of our many companions. In partnership with the Center for Humans and Nature and with support from the Kalliopeia Foundation, To The Best Of Our Knowledge is exploring this theme of "kinship" in a special radio series.

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"The Disruptive Eye" by Gavin Van Horn"6 a.m. on LaSalle Street" by Katherine Cummings"Salmon Speak ~ Why Not Earth?" by Bron Taylor"The Eyes of an Owl" by Greg Ripley"From Bestiary" by Elise Paschen




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By the time I got to the chorus, my voice was completely gone. Suddenly, I was painfully aware of the lights, and the countless faces staring up at me. And how the song kept going even though when I opened my mouth to sing—barely a whisper came out.  I panicked. I’m not ashamed to admit it. On a team of people, and in front of the entire church, I felt completely alone. Isolated in my embarrassment. Drowning in my confusion. Almost as if a wave had exploded through the front doors of the...