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Rad53 limits CMG helicase uncoupling from DNA synthesis at replication forks




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CDK11 is required for transcription of replication-dependent histone genes




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Innovations in dialysis membranes for improved kidney replacement therapy




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Poll shows American views on Muslims and the Middle East are deeply polarized

A recent public opinion survey conducted by Brookings non-resident senior fellow Shibley Telhami sparked headlines focused on its conclusion that American views of Muslims and Islam have become favorable. However, the survey offered another important finding that is particularly relevant in this political season: evidence that the cleavages between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, respectively, on Muslims, Islam, and the Israeli-Palestinians peace process are much deeper than on most other issues.

      
 
 




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Replacing the Affordable Care Act

THE ISSUE: As Congress considers the new House Republican-backed replacement for the Affordable Care Act (ACA), they must ensure that it accomplishes a set of specific goals that are crucial for providing broad, affordable coverage to U.S. citizens. https://youtu.be/xqe4kBcyQC4 The ability to evolve has to be a key part of the ACA replacement. THE THINGS YOU…

      




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Why replacing the ACA has Republicans in a tizzy

Recently, President Trump correctly described health care policy making as “unbelievably complex”—although his comment that “nobody knew that” must have been a surprise to the many analysts and lawmakers who for decades have worked on health care reform. Health care policy making is technically complex, of course. But it is also complex in that the…

      




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It’s time for the multilateral development banks to fix their concessional resource replenishment process


The replenishment process for concessional resources of the multilateral development banks is broken. We have come to this conclusion after a review of the experience with recent replenishments of multilateral development funds. We also base it on first-hand observation, since one of us was responsible for the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) replenishment consultations 20 years ago and recently served as the external chair for the last two replenishment consultations of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), which closely follow the common multilateral development bank (MDB) practice. As many of the banks and their donors are preparing for midterm reviews as a first step toward the next round of replenishment consultations, this is a good time to take stock and consider what needs to be done to fix the replenishment process.

So what’s the problem?

Most of all, the replenishment process does not serve its key intended function of setting overall operational strategy for the development funds and holding the institutions accountable for effectively implementing the strategy. Instead, the replenishment consultations have turned into a time-consuming and costly process in which donor representatives from their capitals get bogged down in the minutiae of institutional management that are better left to the boards of directors and the managements of the MDBs. There are other problems, including lack of adequate engagement of recipient countries in donors’ deliberations, the lack of full participation of the donors’ representatives on the boards of the institutions in the process, and inflexible governance structures that serve as a disincentive for non-traditional donors (from emerging countries and from private foundations) to contribute.

But let’s focus on the consultation process. What does it look like? Typically, donor representatives from capitals assemble every three years (or four, in the case of the Asian Development Bank) for a year-long consultation round, consisting of four two-day meetings (including the meeting devoted to the midterm review of the ongoing replenishment and to setting the agenda for the next consultation process). For these meetings, MDB staff prepare, per consultation round, some 20 substantive documents that are intended to delve into operational and institutional performance in great detail. Each consultation round produces a long list of specific commitments (around 40 commitments is not uncommon), which management is required to implement and monitor, and report on in the midterm review. In effect, however, this review covers only half the replenishment cycle, which leads to the reporting, monitoring, and accountability being limited to the delivery of committed outputs (e.g., a specific sector strategy) with little attention paid to implementation, let alone outcomes.

The process is eerily reminiscent of the much maligned “Christmas tree” approach of the World Bank’s structural adjustment loans in the 1980s and 1990s, with their detailed matrixes of conditionality; lack of strategic selectivity and country ownership; focus on inputs rather than outcomes; and lack of consideration of the borrowers’ capacity and costs of implementing the Bank-imposed measures. Ironically, the donors successfully pushed the MDBs to give up on such conditionality (without ownership of the recipient countries) in their loans, but they impose the same kind of conditionality (without full ownership of the recipient countries and institutions) on the MDBs themselves—replenishment after replenishment.

Aside from lack of selectivity, strategic focus, and ownership of the commitments, the consultation process is also burdensome and costly in terms of the MDBs’ senior management and staff time as well as time spent by ministerial staff in donor capitals, with literally thousands of management and staff hours spent on producing and reviewing documentation. And the recent innovation of having donor representatives meet between consultation rounds as working groups dealing with long-term strategic issues, while welcome in principle, has imposed further costs on the MDBs and capitals in terms of preparing documentation and meetings.

It doesn’t have to be that way. Twenty years ago the process was much simpler and less costly. Even today, recent MDB capital increases, which mobilized resources for the non-concessional windows of the MDBs, were achieved with much simpler processes, and the replenishment consultations for special purpose funds, such as the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and for the GAVI Alliance, are more streamlined than those of the MDBs.

So what’s to be done?

We recommend the following measures to fix the replenishment consultation process:

  1. Focus on a few strategic issues and reduce the number of commitments with an explicit consideration of the costs and capacity requirements they imply. Shift the balance of monitoring and accountability from delivery of outputs to implementation and outcomes.
  2. Prepare no more than five documents for the consultation process: (i) a midterm review on the implementation of the previous replenishment and key issues for the future; (ii) a corporate strategy or strategy update; (iii) the substantive report on how the replenishment resources will contribute to achieve the strategy; (iv) a financial outlook and strategy document; and (v) the legal document of the replenishment resolution.
  3. Reduce the number of meetings for each replenishment round to no more than three and lengthen the replenishment period from three to four years or more.
  4. Use the newly established working group meetings between replenishment consultation rounds to focus on one or two long-term, strategic issues, including how to fix the replenishment process.

The initiative for such changes lies with the donor representatives in the capitals, and from our interviews with donor representatives we understand that many of them broadly share our concerns. So this is a good time—indeed it is high time!—for them to act.

Authors

      
 
 




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Poll shows American views on Muslims and the Middle East are deeply polarized

A recent public opinion survey conducted by Brookings non-resident senior fellow Shibley Telhami sparked headlines focused on its conclusion that American views of Muslims and Islam have become favorable. However, the survey offered another important finding that is particularly relevant in this political season: evidence that the cleavages between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, respectively, on Muslims, Islam, and the Israeli-Palestinians peace process are much deeper than on most other issues.

      
 
 




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PG&E; Replacing 1,600 Smart Meters with a Rare Defect Affecting Customers' Billing

Pacific Gas & Electric, a California-based utility, has been plagued with issues during their major push to get smart meters installed in every household in their area, from complaints about possible health




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Competition to Find a New Design to Replace the Electrical Pylons

It's an icon that has been part of our lives forever... The electricity pylon was invented, in this design, in the '20's and since then it has been marching across the fields and highways of our mind




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Temporary bamboo bridge replaces tourist attraction in Thailand

floating bridge is described as "a magnificent piece of engineering."




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Ozone Depletion Contributes to Ocean Acidification in the Southern Ocean

Forty percent: That is the share of annual oceanic carbon dioxide uptake accounted for by the Southern Ocean. Given that oceans comprise Earth's largest carbon sink, that is not an insignificant figure;




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The Montreal Protocol on ozone-depleting substances is already saving your skin

Hopefully someday we can say the same thing about an effective effort to combat greenhouse gas emissions.




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Kids suffer deeply when playtime is not prioritized

Children's lives during summer vacation have been likened to that of battery hens, confined unnaturally and cruelly for long periods of time.




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The car must die. But let’s get the reasons and the replacement right.

Cars kill thousands every day, wreck our cities, and spout CO2. What should we do about it?




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Sustainable Wheel Replacements

Not many details on this one, so I'm not sure if it's a genuine modification, a weird advertising campaign or even an art installation. Anything’s possible. I like to think though, that it's a Hungarian motorist who places sustainability as a higher




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Could wool fibers replace glass fibers in FRP?

In New Zealand, surfboard maker Paul Barron has developed a new wild and wooly composite.




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65 reef balls deployed to honor 65 sunken US subs

This undersea memorial will honor all the US subs and their crews lost since 1900, while creating new habitat for marine life.




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Solar blocks could replace solar panels on buildings

The blocks could be part of the architecture of a building, generating more power than just rooftop panels.




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Should green homes have gas stoves and wood fireplaces?

One Passive House architect gives his clients what they want.




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Team of super vultures deployed in Peru to battle polluters

Outfitted with GoPros and solar-powered GPS trackers, the crew of carrion-loving vigilantes is sniffing out illegal dumps in Lima.




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Not the Stair of the Week, soon to be replaced by "Vertical Walking"

Why go diagonally when you can go straight up?




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'NaturePlay' film reveals Scandinavia's amazing nature-based education system

This new award-winning documentary reveals the stark contrasts between America's obsession with standardized tests, at the cost of everything else, and Scandinavia's embrace of all things nature-based. It's clear which is the more successful approach.




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Plant-derived food additive touted as replacement for overuse of antibiotics

Is this carrot-based animal feed additive something worth crowing about?




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Priest in Brazil Replaces Prayer With Tree-Planting

Planting trees may be a great way to help save the environment, but thanks to one Catholic diocese in Brazil, it's having a similar effect on parishioners' immortal souls. In an effort to bring a bit of green back




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Heart-Powered Pacemakers to Eliminate Battery Replacement Surgery

Researchers propose using the vibrations of the heart to keep pacemakers going, eliminating the need to replace batteries.




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Could Michigan replace lost manufacturing jobs with solar jobs?

It wouldn't solve everything, but becoming a solar power hub could give a new spark to the area.




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If you want your city to replace parking spots with bike lanes, use perspective

One of the biggest challenges of making cities more bike friendly is that most of the road space is already "used up." Adding bike lanes means removing something. That's when a bit of perspective comes in handy.




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Europeans want to repair, not replace, their appliances

The Right to Repair movement is rapidly growing – and it can't come soon enough.




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How many books is your social media habit replacing?

The number is probably far higher than you think.




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What happens when insect fat replaces butter in Belgian waffles?

A taste-test between the two kinds of fat had a surprising outcome.




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E-Cargo bike from EAV could replace vans for deliveries

The electric quadracycle is clad in a composite made from hemp and cashews.




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4 reasons to repair instead of recycling or replacing

It's to time to jump off the consumption train and embrace the art of repair.




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Recycling is broken: California's rePlanet shuts all its recycling centers

We have long called for deposits on everything. California shows that even that is not enough.




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BPA replacements aren't safe either, study finds

Scientists have found that the chemicals used to replace BPA over the past 20 years have the same damaging effects.




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Alaska SeaLife Center replaces fossil fuels with sea water power

The aquarium and wildlife rescue center uses a unique heat pump system to cover 98% of its heating needs.




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Wood that wows: Teeple Architects' Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum

It's all about the amazing connections.




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Matthew Mazzotta replaces blighted wreck with a theater in a box

In York, Alabama they now have public space where before they had a collapsing house.




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12 houseplants for everyone on your gift list

Cat lover? New plant parent? Fortune seeker? Traveler? We've got the perfect plant for all.




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How to water houseplants correctly

Watering problems are the leading cause of poor health for houseplants; here’s how to give them what they need.




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10 most popular houseplants on Instagram

Need some houseplant inspiration? These are the plants getting the most love on Instagram.




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Should you mist your houseplants?

Some houseplants love mist, others not so much. Here's what to know.




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8 of the easiest houseplants to care for

Looking for indoor plants that are hard to kill? These green troopers are resilient and don't demand too much from their keepers.




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6 houseplants to boost well-being

From improving sleep and indoor air quality to reducing anxiety and fatigue ... houseplants are powerful allies.




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8 houseplants to avoid if you have allergies

Learn which indoor plants are capable of causing allergic reactions.




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10 houseplants that aren't your usual houseplants

Think outside of the houseplant box with these unique ways to bring some green indoors.




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This terrarium table lets you fill furniture with houseplants

BloomingTables are a lovely solution for saving space ... and keeping indoor plants away from kids and pets.




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Get houseplants delivered straight from the greenhouse

If you don't have an independent plant shop nearby, Bloomscape is the next best thing.




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Doctors are prescribing houseplants for anxiety, depression, and loneliness

A medical practice in Manchester, England is giving patients indoor plants to help boost wellness.




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Why succulents make such good houseplants

Learn about the advantages of indoor succulents, plus everything you need to know about their light and watering needs.