Cells continually degrade and replace damaged proteins. However, the high energetic demand of protein turnover generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that compromise the long-term health of the proteome. Thus, the relationship between aging, protein turnover and energetic demand remains unclear. Here, we used a proteomic approach to measure rates of protein turnover within primary fibroblasts isolated from a number of species with diverse lifespans including the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale. We show that organismal lifespan is negatively correlated with turnover rates of highly abundant proteins. In comparison to mice, cells from long-lived naked mole rats have slower rates of protein turnover, lower levels of ATP production and reduced ROS levels. Despite having slower rates of protein turnover, naked mole rat cells tolerate protein misfolding stress more effectively than mouse cells. We suggest that in lieu of rapid constitutive turnover, long-lived species may have evolved more energetically efficient mechanisms for selective detection and clearance of damaged proteins.

High performance liquid chromatography has been employed for decades to enhance detection sensitivity and quantification of complex analytes within biological mixtures. Among these analytes, glycans released from glycoproteins and glycolipids have been characterized as underivatized or fluorescently tagged derivatives by HPLC coupled to various detection methods. These approaches have proven extremely useful for profiling the structural diversity of glycoprotein and glycolipid glycosylation but require the availability of glycan standards and secondary orthogonal degradation strategies to validate structural assignments. A robust method for HPLC separation of glycans as their permethylated derivatives, coupled with in-line MSn fragmentation to assign structural features independent of standards, would significantly enhance the depth of knowledge obtainable from biological samples. Here, we report an optimized workflow for LC-MS analysis of permethylated glycans that includes sample preparation, mobile phase optimization, and MSn method development to resolve structural isomers on-the-fly. We report baseline separation and MSn fragmentation of isomeric N- and O-glycan structures, aided by supplementing mobile phases with Li+, which simplifies adduct heterogeneity and facilitates cross-ring fragmentation to obtain valuable monosaccharide linkage information. Our workflow has been adapted from standard proteomics-based workflows and, therefore, provides opportunities for laboratories with expertise in proteomics to acquire glycomic data with minimal deviation from existing buffer systems, chromatography media, and instrument configurations. Furthermore, our workflow does not require a mass spectrometer with high-resolution/accurate mass capabilities. The rapidly evolving appreciation of the biological significance of glycans for human health and disease requires the implementation of high-throughput methods to identify and quantify glycans harvested from sample sets of sufficient size to achieve appropriately powered statistical significance. The LC-MSn approach we report generates glycan isomeric separations, robust structural characterization, and is amenable to auto-sampling with associated throughput enhancements.

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute phase glycoprotein in blood, which is primarily synthetized in the liver and whose biological role is not completely understood. It consists of 45% carbohydrates that are present in the form of five N-linked complex glycans. AGP N-glycosylation was shown to be changed in many different diseases and some changes appear to be disease-specific, thus it has a great diagnostic and prognostic potential. However, AGP glycosylation was mainly analyzed in small cohorts and without detailed site-specific glycan information. Here, we developed a cost-effective method for a high-throughput and site-specific N-glycosylation LC-MS analysis of AGP which can be applied on large cohorts, aid in search for novel disease biomarkers and enable better understanding of AGP’s role and function in health and disease. The method does not require isolation of AGP with antibodies and affinity chromatography, but AGP is enriched by acid precipitation from 5 μl of bloodplasma in a 96 well format. After trypsinization, AGP glycopeptides are purified using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography based solid-phase extraction and analyzed by RP-LC-ESI-MS. We used our method to show for the first time that AGP N-glycan profile is stable in healthy individuals (14 individuals in 3 time points), which is a requirement for evaluation of its diagnostic potential. Furthermore, we tested our method on a population including individuals with registered hyperglycemia in critical illness (59 cases and 49 controls), which represents a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Individuals at higher risk of diabetes presented increased N-glycan branching on AGP’s second glycosylation site and lower sialylation of N-glycans on AGP’s third and AGP1’s fourth glycosylation site. Although this should be confirmed on a larger prospective cohort, it indicates that site-specific AGP N-glycan profile could help distinguish individuals who are at risk of type 2 diabetes.

Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) disease is a zoonosis with a-infection rate affecting the general population of the world. Despite the constant possibility of damage due to their own metabolism, G. lamblia have survived and evolved to adapt to various environments. However, research on energy-metabolism conversion in G. lamblia is limited. This study aimed to reveal the dynamic metabolism-conversion mechanism in G. lamblia under sugar starvation by detecting global lysine acetylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation sites combined with quantitative proteome analyses. A total of 2999 acetylation sites on 956 proteins and 8877 2-hydroxyisobutyryl sites on 1546 proteins were quantified under sugar starvation. Integrated Kac and Khib data revealed that modified proteins were associated with arginine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. These findings suggested that lysine acetylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation were ubiquitous and provided deep insight into the metabolism-conversion mechanism in G. lamblia under sugar starvation. Overall, these results can help understand the biology of G. lamblia infections and reveal the evolution rule from prokaryote to eukaryote.

Recent advances in MS-based proteomics have vastly increased the quality and scope of biological information that can be derived from human samples. These advances have rendered current workflows increasingly applicable in biomedical and clinical contexts. As proteomics is poised to take an important role in the clinic, associated ethical responsibilities increase in tandem with the impact on the health, privacy, and well-being of individuals. Here we conducted and report a systematic literature review of ethical issues in clinical proteomics. We add our perspectives from a background of bioethics, the results of our accompanying paper extracting individual-sensitive results from patient samples, and the literature addressing similar issues in genomics. The spectrum of potential issues ranges from patient re-identification to incidental findings of clinical significance. The latter can be divided into actionable and unactionable findings. Some of these have the potential to be employed in discriminatory or privacy-infringing ways. However, incidental findings may also have great positive potential. A plasma proteome profile, for instance, could inform on the general health or disease status of an individual regardless of the narrow diagnostic question that prompted it. We suggest that early discussion of ethical issues in clinical proteomics is important to ensure that eventual regulations reflect the considered judgment of the community as well as to anticipate opportunities and problems that may arise as the technology matures further.

New research on 21st-century conflict 25 April 2022 — 5:00PM TO 6:00PM Anonymous (not verified) 11 April 2022 Online

This International Affairs webinar shares research on US special operations, urban warfare, and digital activism in recent conflicts.

Given the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, and continuing conflicts in Myanmar, Yemen, and other countries, it is important to understand the changing nature of conflict in the 21st century.

In this webinar, authors from the March 2022 issue of International Affairs share research on the transformation of Western special forces, the impact of army size in urban warfare, and the use of social media and online activism in war.

The speakers in this event drew on the following research:

• US Special Forces transformation: post-Fordism and the limits of networked warfare (https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab213)
• Urban insurgency in the twenty-first century: smaller militaries and increased conflict in cities (https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac007)
• Diasporas as cyberwarriors: infopolitics, participatory warfare and the 2020 Karabakh war (https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac015)

International Affairs was started at Chatham House in 1922 to communicate research to members who could not attend in person. Over the past 100 years, it has transformed into a journal that publishes academically rigorous and policy-relevant research. It is published for Chatham House by Oxford University Press. Read the latest issue here.

An additional five rhesus macaque monkeys that escaped from a South Carolina research facility last week have been recovered, meaning about a dozen of the rhesus macaque primates remain at large.

This is a Remote Eligible open rank research software engineer position. The OIT (Office of Information Technology) department, Home | Office of Information Technology (oit.gatech.edu) at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia invites applications for Partnership for Advanced Computing Environment (PACE) (pace.gatech.edu). This is a research faculty position, applications will be considered at all ranks. We seek a highly skilled and innovative Research Scientist to join our research software engineer team. The successful candidate will lead software lifecycle management with security and compliance efforts in PACE, in collaboration with other researchers, play a key role in supporting sensitive/regulated research projects while ensuring compliance with applicable regulations and security requirements. This position will also be responsible for the PACE software vulnerability management program. This role will closely work with the Research Facilitation and Cyberinfrastructure Teams to bring support to GT faculty on regulated research projects and evaluate underlying technologies. This role requires strong software engineering expertise, excellent communication skills, and the ability to bring innovative solutions to researchers’ projects and implement them to deliverable. Responsibilities • Define and implement standard operating procedures to incorporate software vulnerability management • Coordinate with other cyber security and research security personnel to satisfy software audit and compliance requirements • Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) management, identify and address software vulnerability for the PACE software stack • Take responsibility for the audit and compliance of restricted software/code (e.g. RSICC/NASA) • Provide domain expertise on CUI (Controlled Unclassified Information) and regulated software • Provide support on commercial/licensed software in the regulated environment • Work in partnership with other GT Colleges’ IT groups to support the deployment of HPC scientific applications and workflows for researchers on PACE systems • Closely work with other internal PACE units, including the Research Computing Facilitation (RCF) and Cyberinfrastructure (CI) teams, to address researchers’ needs • Coordinate review and software access processes with other research cyber security personnel • Implement best practices around research computing software vulnerability management • Research and evaluate any new technologies in software vulnerability and closely monitor NIST regulations • Author and publish scientific papers, reports, and presentations to communicate research results and findings to internal and external audiences

Large-scale scientific research labs and academic institutions are utilizing high performance computing to accelerate sequencing, simulations, and analytics for research, learning, and discovery.  File data volumes are growing rapidly, and […]

The post Accelerating Research Innovation with Qumulo’s File Data Platform appeared first on HPCwire.

BOSTON, Oct. 25, 2024 — QuEra Computing, a leader in neutral-atom quantum computing, today announced that on September 6th, it signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the National Institute of […]

The post QuEra and AIST Partner on Quantum-HPC Integration for Research and Industry appeared first on HPCwire.

The Globus user conference, now in its 22nd year, brought together over 180 researchers, system administrators, developers, and IT leaders from 55 top research computing centers, national labs, federal agencies, […]

The post Highlights from GlobusWorld 2024: The Conference for Reimagining Research IT appeared first on HPCwire.

RENO, Nev., Aug. 28, 2024 — Individual researchers focused on performing critical work in science and innovation can now converge on world-changing discoveries faster, owing to capabilities released today by […]

The post CIQ Empowers Researchers to Innovate Faster with Fuzzball appeared first on HPCwire.

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Nov. 7, 2024 — Alexander Hoover, an assistant professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Cleveland State University, has always been fascinated by marine organisms—the way […]

The post OSC Advances Marine Movement Research with Computational Tools for Bio-Inspired Robotics appeared first on HPCwire.

Nov. 11, 2024 — Forschungszentrum Jülich and its partners in the QSolid project have begun operating Germany’s first prototype quantum computer featuring optimized qubit quality. This prototype lays the groundwork […]

The post Jülich Leads QSolid Quantum Prototype Toward Hybrid HPC Integration for Industry and Research appeared first on HPCwire.

From meditation to smiling, researchers take a second look at studies claiming to reveal what makes us happy

A grassroots online movement has helped shift the way scientists think about asexuality. But much is still unknown.

IBM and NASA have developed a new AI foundation model for a wide range of climate and weather applications, with contributions from the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory. […]

The post IBM and NASA Launch Open-Source AI Model for Advanced Climate and Weather Research appeared first on HPCwire.

It’s a wrap! The Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at UT Austin welcomed more than 100 participants for the 7th annual TACC Symposium for Texas Researchers (TACCSTER). The event exists […]

The post Research Insights, HPC Expertise, Meaningful Collaborations Abound at TACCSTER 2024 appeared first on HPCwire.

March 20, 2024 — The Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre invites Australian-based research groups to join the Pawsey Uptake Project call. This initiative will provide teams with access to dedicated Pawsey […]

The post Pawsey Invites Australian Researchers to Advance Scientific Innovation Through the Pawsey Uptake Project appeared first on HPCwire.

MILAN, Nov. 6, 2024 — ENEA, Italy’s National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, has selected Lenovo for the installation of an HPC system at the Portici […]

The post ENEA Chooses Lenovo for Supercomputer to Accelerate Sustainable Energy Research appeared first on HPCwire.

An additional five rhesus macaque monkeys that escaped from a South Carolina research facility last week have been recovered, meaning about a dozen of the rhesus macaque primates remain at large.

Background: Faced with the limits of synthetic antipyretic substances, in particular their involvement in the occurrence of numerous and often serious adverse effects; the challenge is in search of new antipyretics especially from the African traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic activity of an aqueous extract and a formulation of Ceiba pentandra, with a view to designing an herbal antipyretic drug. Methods: Trials of formulation of an antipyretic syrup with leaves extract of Ceiba pentandra were carried out. The antipyretic activity was investigated by the bewer's yeast induced pyrexia. Physicochemical and microbiological stability tests were carried out on the syrup. Results: It was found with the extract an antipyretic activity at doses of 125 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. The effect was greater for the 125 mg/kg dose with inhibition percentages ranging from 27.58% to 71.25%. This antipyretic activity was early (from 30 minutes) and was preserved during the four hours of the experiment. The syrup dosed at 125 mg/kg gave an activity similar to that of the extract by significantly reducing the hyperthermia in the rats. Regarding the stability tests, the syrup remained stable both physico-chemically and microbiologically throughout the study period (28 days) both when exposed to low temperature (5 °±3 ° C) and at high temperature (40°±2° C). Conclusions: Ceiba pentandra leaves have antipyretic activity and could be used for the development of an herbal antipyretic drug.

NASA engineers fired the engines on the X-59 research aircraft in advance of planned test flights to determine if the aircraft can reduce sonic booms and make supersonic flight over land quieter.

A new report from NPR publishes a letter from The Hartford describing data they gave to Dan Ariely as having been fraudulently manipulated in a paper based on that data.

The post Honesty Research May Be… Dishonest appeared first on Neuromarketing.

Yale scientists used brain imaging to compare face-to-face meetings with virtual sessions.

The post Your Brain on Zoom Calls: New Research appeared first on Neuromarketing.

After a summer of protests over racial injustice, school districts are embracing anti-bias programs. The problem is: Few studies show they work.

Previous studies can provide a window into why math learning is taking a big hit during the pandemic, and what educators can do about it.

Wen Grace Chen
Nov 9, 2022; 42:8498-8507
Symposium and Mini-Symposium

A recent release on the “Ranking Web of Research Centers” site ranks FAO as fourth among 8000 global research institutions in 2016 for use of its online information. [...]

See how researchers at Smithsonian's National Zoo are trying to glean insight into elephant foraging behavior and more.

The 12,000 year old skeleton of a teenage girl was found in Hoyo Negro, an underwater cave system on the Yucatan Peninsula.

Teeth are key to identifying elderly remains

A melting glacier caused a mountain in Greenland to collapse into a narrow fjord, setting off an oscillating wave that rattled seismic detectors around the world

The technology, enabled by thorium atoms, could keep time more accurately than atomic clocks and enable new discoveries about gravity, gravitational waves and dark matter

A new analysis suggests that the piece was created by several artists working in the Italian Renaissance painter's studio—and that Botticelli himself may have worked on important details

Authorities have not yet identified the cause of death for the 12.5-foot-long shark, which was named Koala

Once the first primate made a break, the 42 others followed suit in a simple case of monkey-see, monkey-do

A researcher studying the rise of extremism in Atlantic Canada warns Ku Klux Klan Halloween costumes are just one example of an insidious effort by far-right groups to normalize hateful attitudes.

The Northern Tornadoes Project at Western University has confirmed a tornado touched down in Fergus, Ont., on Sunday night.

California

SolidWorks Education Edition prepares students for engineering careers with SolidWorks 3D mechanical design and COSMOS analysis software

Researchers from the Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Food Science at Penn State have recently received $420,000 in funding from the McCormick Science Institute to study the use of herbs and spices in school lunch recipes over the next two years.

Lisa Gatzke-Kopp, professor of human development and family studies, recently was named president-elect of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. The presidential role spans three years, over which she will serve as president-elect, president and past-president, each for a one-year period.

Without rigorous research that accurately reflects the current population, early education won't deliver for all students, write two education researchers.

A recent study found that one organization's instructional-leadership professional development had no impact. Could it be because the topic of instructional leadership needs to be expanded?

When students are overwhelmed, their schoolwork suffers. But two growth-mindset researchers, Jamie M. Carroll and David Yeager, say teachers can help increase kids' resilience.

Anivesh Sinha is one of the graduate research assistants working with a team of faculty and students from five Commonwealth Campuses, with funding from a University Presidential Public Impact Research Award, to help Pennsylvania nonprofit organizations improve their cybersecurity practices.

When the brain experiences an injury, it can be difficult to definitively diagnose a concussion as the trauma is often limited to inside the skull and cannot be accurately assessed, according Reuben Kraft, a professor of mechanical engineering at Penn State. Kraft's research team is using computational methods and tools — such as custom mouthguard sensors — to model and predict injury in the human brain. 

Faculty, staff and students from across Penn State and especially in the College of Engineering and Materials Research Institute are mourning the loss of Russ Messier, graduate alumnus and professor emeritus of engineering science and mechanics, who died on Oct. 11 at age 80 in Nashua, New Hampshire.