Chances are good, few habits need more of an overhaul right now than your sleep routine. You probably picked up a few bad sleep habits during the cold, dark winter and any additional stress you're facing is helping the situation, says Brown University associate professor and medical doctor Katherine Sharkey.

complete article

When it comes to turning business challenges into opportunities, small business owners are quick, nimble, and creative. With state governments around the country shuttering all non-essential businesses to combat COVID-19 still in full swing, this is truer than ever.

But, unlike years past, where such an unprecedented closure would have put many small businesses out of business permanently, today they’re turning to mobility and connectivity in large numbers to keep their doors open—if only virtually.

Small businesses could soon see a rollback of several universally loathed measures attached to the original Paycheck Protection Program, the $669 billion loan and grant initiative aimed at helping small businesses keep employees on the payroll.

When the House convenes next Wednesday, it is expected to vote on the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act, a standalone bill that would, among other things, lengthen the time businesses may spend the funds from their PPP loans. The bill would also eliminate the requirement that 75 percent of a loan's proceeds must be spent on employee pay and benefits. The measure was originally proposed on May 15 in the House by representatives Dean Phillips (D., Minn.) and Chip Roy (R., Texas).  

The CEOs of Apple, Amazon, Google, and Facebook faced the House Judiciary Committee virtually today, where they fielded questions about whether their respective tech companies take advantage of their dominant positions in the market to enhance their bottom lines.

Spoiler: They all said they do not.

Rep. Cicilline said House Judiciary will publish a report on the Antitrust Subcommittees finding, which will propose solutions. but his hearing has made one fact clear to me: These companies as they exist today have monopoly power. Some need to be broken up. All need to be properly regulated and held accountable, he concluded.

1. Focus on the positive
2. Hit the reset button
3. Never give up
4. Network

The former vice president won the top job, but undoing Trumps discordant legacy will not be easy.

Many of the elements of Trumps biggest legislative achievement--the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017--are set to expire in the next few years. To name two: the research and development tax credit, which in 2022 requires businesses to amortize expenses over five years rather than doing so immediately, as is the current case. And full expensing for short-term business investments will begin phasing out in 2023.

The Internal Revenue Service is planning to ramp up audits of smaller businesses and their investors by about 50 percent next year, following years of persistently low examination rates, an agency official said Tuesday.

The result could be a surge in audits of companies ranging from mom-and-pop retail stores and technology startups to investment funds that have historically faced only infrequent checks thanks to the time and effort required at the IRS.

Every business was considered small at some point in its history. Some go big, but some stay small and do quite well. The size of a business in common measurements (revenue, employees, locations) is less relevant than the size of your customer base and the corresponding loyalty of customers.

Sooner or later, I'll get around to writing a proper review, but for now I'll just suggest that you run...

Work in clojure for any length of time, and you must get used to the idea that data structures are immutable. For programmers coming from imperative languages this can be jarring, (no loop counters? recursion? wtf?) but after a while, you start to get it, then you start to like it, then you start to rely on it - or at least I have.

To such an extent that it's jarring not to have them. After a recent javascript coding session, I tweeted: "clojure's immutability has forever spoiled me - destructive operations in other langs feel like bugs now."

This prompted Joshua Kerevsky to ask me via email to elaborate, as he has been talking about safety in programming lately. This is a revision of my answer...

Clojure¹ is safer (in this sense) because there are never any side-effects when working with data. Languages with side-effects on data (i.e. pretty much every other language I've used) require the programmer to keep a mental model of application state and/or adopt defensive programming styles to avoid bugs caused by them.

The idea is illustrated by these two examples (I used chrome console and the leiningen repl to run them):

javascript:

clojure:

Javascript arrays are mostly (but not always) manipulated via destructive operations such as sort(), while in clojure, the js array's closest analogue (a vector) is never changed by functions that consume it. It's this "mostly" vs "never" distinction that gives rise to a paranoid feeling that I might be breaking things if I forget something in javascript. I also need to learn more "tricks" to get things to work as I expect. To get the javascript version to behave like the clojure one, we must explicitly copy the array e.g. like this:

(bonus: try leaving the var off in front of the concat expression and see how "safe" this version is)

One could argue that it is simply bad form to write javascript and expect it to behave like clojure, but entire books have been written to explain to programmers how to avoid side-effect pitfalls in javascript - and the language is almost unusable without them.

In clojure, there's much less need² for this kind of "meta language documentation" - and none for protecting data. It's guaranteed not to change. In the example above, the most likely thing to trip up a programmer new to clojure is the need for doall (leave it out and nothing prints since map is lazy - in the repl you'll need to assign the output to see the difference - e.g. (def foo (listFruits fruits)). This is still a bug, but it's one limited to the function in question, not the entire code base.

So my conclusion is that clojure is safer because it has fewer (and much less dangerous) gotchas, the impact of mistakes is limited to the scope of the offending line of code (which will likely be a function or even a let block) and you never³ have to keep a mental model of how state is changing as the instruction pointer advances. It's all right there in front of you.

We all make mistakes, but in clojure, mistakes are limited to the context of the function and never due to implicitly mucking about with application state. This adds confidence when making changes, that is simply not there in languages that cannot make such guarantees.

^[1]Clojure is not the only language that features immutability of course - it just happens to be one I use a lot, and like programming in; nor is js alone in having side-effects; i.e. this isn't about championing clojure (or bashing js) it's about immutability, so feel free to substitute your [least] favorite languages as you see fit.

^[2] So far at least. Clojure is still young yet, but I don't expect it'll gain this kind of cruft, if for no other reason than because it won't share javascript's experience of being in the front-line of the browser wars.

^[3] Wanton use of clojure constructs such as ref, atoms & agents can of course lead to such an environment; however even so, clojure provides well-defined protocols for managing change. If the programmer still creates a state-management hell, that's on the coder - as are most problems in coding; no language can enforce safety, only make it easier or harder.

All requested features delivered. Speculation avoided. Mindful of our tendency toward completeness, necessary code is added, unnecessary code is removed. Refactored.

Implementations incomplete - shadows of the their real-world counterparts, yet precisely the functions and properties required. The desire to add more, tempered by the satisfaction of not doing so.

Technique and knowledge are increased to decrease their application.

Simplicity.

I posted that on the WabiSabi page of the c2 wiki on or about October 28th, 2002.

I typically feel the same about my old writing and my old code ("what was I thinking?"), but I like this (even if it is a bit pretentious); especially the line about Technique and Knowledge. It cover many of the forces that need to balanced to ship software consistently.

Happy Friday.

Web Goblin here.

Two years and five blog posts ago, we were introduced to the 25th Anniversary edition of Little, Big or, The Fairies' Parliament, by John Crowley, with art by Peter Milton.

At the time, there were 300 numbered editions, all of which had been pre-sold some dozen years earlier. Deep Vellum has since managed to produce another 65 copies of which around 40 are available for purchase.

Additionally, around 200 copies of the trade hardcover are still available. This is the "green edition" featuring a dust jacket containing an essay by Mr. G.

Deep Vellum is offering a 10% discount code, "littlebig40", which can be used for the trade edition, numbered edition, and/or for a poster between now and the equinox, September 21.

More details here.

Title: metronidazole antibiotic
Category: Medications
Created: 12/31/1997 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/23/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Oral Health: 19 Habits That Cause Bad Teeth
Category: Slideshows
Created: 1/27/2012 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/8/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Probiotics
Category: Health and Living
Created: 8/13/2007 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/14/2022 12:00:00 AM

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