Australia, author, issuing body

According to Congress sources, in the series of Rahul Gandhi's talks with experts, the will be a conversation with German virologist and several personalities from other fields on Covid-19

This week, we chat about what it means if a monkey can learn to recognize itself in a mirror, injecting people with live malaria parasites as a vaccine strategy, and insect-inspired wind turbines with Online News Editor David Grimm. And Joleah Lamb joins Alexa Billow to discuss how seagrass can greatly reduce harmful microbes in the ocean—protecting people and corals from disease. Read the research.   Listen to previous podcasts.   [Image: peters99/iStock; Music: Jeffrey Cook]

Dewey Library - HD30.28.C3479 2019

Dewey Library - HD30.255.S869 2020

Dewey Library - HD30.28.Z425 2018

Dewey Library - HD30.28.G84 2018

This report presents the findings from Mathematica’s cumulative review of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation’s Maternal Health Quality of Care (MHQoC) strategy in India.

Dewey Library - U162.P39 2018

Levy, Jared, 1976-

Online Resource

If you’re using HTML5 elements then you’re probably also using a JavaScript shiv to help make it possible to style those elements in versions of Internet Explorer prior to IE9. But when JavaScript is disabled the accessibility of the content may be affected in these versions of IE. This is one way to provide a more accessible fallback.

The concept is to ensure that all modern browsers are served the default style sheet(s) and that people using older versions of IE only download them if JavaScript is enabled. When JavaScript is not enabled, people using those browsers can be served either no styles at all (as Yahoo! suggests for browsers receiving C-Grade support) or simple fallback styles.

Client-side method: conditional comments

Doing this on the client-side comes at the cost of having to litter your code with proprietary conditional comments. First, it’s necessary to comment out the default style sheet(s) from versions of IE earlier than IE9. All other browsers will be able to read the file(s).

<!--[if ! lt IE 9]><!-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/default.css">
<!--<![endif]-->

For earlier versions of IE, an HTML5 shiv is included and the necessary link elements are created and added to the DOM using JavaScript. This means that when JavaScript is not enabled in IE7 or IE8 the style sheet will not be present, resulting in an unstyled HTML page. In this example, IE6 won’t be served CSS at all.

<!--[if (IE 7)|(IE 8)]>
<script src="/js/html5.js"></script>
<script>
   (function() {
      var link = document.createElement("link");
      link.rel = "stylesheet";
      link.href = "/css/default.css";
      document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link);
   }());
</script>
<![endif]-->

To support multiple style sheets, an array and for loop can be used.

<!--[if (IE 7)|(IE 8)]>
<script src="/js/html5.js"></script>
<script>
   (function() {
      var css = [
         '/css/default.css',
         '/css/section.css',
         '/css/custom.css'
      ];
      var i;
      var link = document.createElement('link');
      var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
      var tmp;

      link.rel = 'stylesheet';

      for(i = 0; i < css.length; i++){
         tmp = link.cloneNode(true);
         tmp.href = css[i];
         head.appendChild(tmp);
      }
   }());
</script>
<![endif]-->

Thanks to Remy Sharp and Mathias Bynens for helping me to improve this script. Fork it.

Rather than serving unstyled content, it may be preferable to provide some simple fallback styles. This can be done by linking to a separate style sheet wrapped in noscript tags. In this example, IE6 will always use these legacy styles while IE7 and IE8 will do so only when JavaScript is disabled.

<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<noscript>
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/legacy.css">
</noscript>
<![endif]-->

You may wish to use a generic style sheet, such as “Universal IE6 CSS”, or spend a few minutes crafting your own and ensuring that the typography and colours approximate those in the default style sheet.

The complete example code is as follows:

<!--[if ! lt IE 9]><!-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/default.css">
<!--<![endif]-->

<!--[if (IE 7)|(IE 8)]>
<script src="/js/html5.js"></script>
<script>
   (function() {
      var link = document.createElement("link");
      link.rel = "stylesheet";
      link.href = "/css/default.css";
      document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link);
   }());
</script>
<![endif]-->

<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<noscript>
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/legacy.css">
</noscript>
<![endif]-->

Server-side method: user-agent string detection

The drawbacks of current client-side approaches to IE fallbacks is that they are IE-specific, make extensive use of conditional comments, and have to use JavaScript to create or rewrite link elements. This blog makes use of an alternative approach: server-side user-agent detection. It was inspired by Yahoo!’s Graded Browser Support strategy – created by Nate Koechley – which recommends that all CSS and JavaScript is withheld from legacy browsers (not limited to IE).

The source code in the head of this blog changes when viewed in modern browsers, IE8, and legacy browsers that are incapable of styling HTML5 elements (e.g. Firefox 2) or lack adequate CSS2.1 support (e.g. IE7).

Browsers are assumed to be capable; there is no need to update the script every time a new browser is released. Only when a browser is deemed to be severely incapable is it added to a “blacklist” and served simple styles to ensure that the accessibility of the content is maintained. This is the method I prefer, although it does require more time upfront.

This is how I am deploying the build of my static website to staging and production domains. It requires basic use of the CLI, Git, and SSH. But once you’re set up, a single command will build and deploy.

TL;DR: Push the static build to a remote, bare repository that has a detached working directory (on the same server). A post-receive hook checks out the files in the public directory.

Prerequisites

• A remote web server to host your site.
• SSH access to your remote server.
• Git installed on your remote server (check with git --version).
• Generate an SSH key if you need one.

On the server

Set up password-less SSH access

First, you need to SSH into your server, and provide the password if prompted.

ssh user@hostname

If there is no ~/.ssh directory in your user’s home directory, create one: mkdir ~/.ssh.

Next, you need to copy your public SSH key (see “Generate an SSH key” above) to the server. This allows you to connect via SSH without having to enter a password each time.

From your local machine – assuming your public key can be found at ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub – enter the following command, with the correct user and hostname. It will append your public key to the authorized_keys file on the remote server.

ssh user@hostname 'cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

If you close the connection, and then attempt to establish SSH access, you should no longer be prompted for a password.

Create the remote directories

You need to have 2 directories for each domain you want to host. One for the Git repository, and one to contain the checked out build.

For example, if your domain were example.com and you also wanted a staging environment, you’d create these directories on the server:

mkdir ~/example.com ~/example.git

mkdir ~/staging.example.com ~/staging.example.git

Initialize the bare Git repository

Create a bare Git repository on the server. This is where you will push the build assets to, from your local machine. But you don’t want the files served here, which is why it’s a bare repository.

cd ~/example.git
git init --bare

Repeat this step for the staging domain, if you want.

Write a post-receive hook

A post-receive hook allows you to run commands after the Git repository has received commits. In this case, you can use it to change Git’s working directory from example.git to example.com, and check out a copy of the build into the example.com directory.

The location of the working directory can be set on a per-command basis using GIT_WORK_TREE, one of Git’s environment variables, or the --work-tree option.

cat > hooks/post-receive
#!/bin/sh
WEB_DIR=/path/to/example.com

# remove any untracked files and directories
git --work-tree=${WEB_DIR} clean -fd

# force checkout of the latest deploy
git --work-tree=${WEB_DIR} checkout --force

Make sure the file permissions on the hook are correct.

chmod +x hooks/post-receive

If you need to exclude some files from being cleaned out by Git (e.g., a .htpasswd file), you can do that using the --exclude option. This requires Git 1.7.3 or above to be installed on your server.

git --work-tree=${WEB_DIR} clean -fd --exclude=<pattern>

Repeat this step for the staging domain, if you want.

On your local machine

Now that the server configuration is complete, you want to deploy the build assets (not the source code) for the static site.

The build and deploy tasks

I’m using a Makefile, but use whatever you feel comfortable with. What follows is the basic workflow I wanted to automate.

1. Build the production version of the static site.

   make build
   

2. Initialize a new Git repo in the build directory. I don’t want to try and merge the new build into previous deploys, especially for the staging domain.

   git init ./build
   

3. Add the remote to use for the deploy.

   cd ./build
   git remote add origin ssh://user@hostname/~/example.git
   

4. Commit everything in the build repo.

   cd ./build
   git add -A
   git commit -m "Release"
   

5. Force-replace the remote master branch, creating it if missing.

   cd ./build
   git push -f origin +master:refs/heads/master
   

6. Tag the checked-out commit SHA in the source repo, so I can see which SHA’s were last deployed.

   git tag -f production
   

Using a Makefile:

BUILD_DIR := ./build
STAGING_REPO = ssh://user@hostname/~/staging.example.git
PROD_REPO = ssh://user@hostname/~/example.git

install:
    npm install

# Deploy tasks

staging: build git-staging deploy
    @ git tag -f staging
    @ echo "Staging deploy complete"

prod: build git-prod deploy
    @ git tag -f production
    @ echo "Production deploy complete"

# Build tasks

build: clean
    # whatever your build step is

# Sub-tasks

clean:
    @ rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)

git-prod:
    @ cd $(BUILD_DIR) && 
    git init && 
    git remote add origin $(PROD_REPO)

git-staging:
    @ cd $(BUILD_DIR) && 
    git init && 
    git remote add origin $(STAGING_REPO)

deploy:
    @ cd $(BUILD_DIR) && 
    git add -A && 
    git commit -m "Release" && 
    git push -f origin +master:refs/heads/master

.PHONY: install build clean deploy git-prod git-staging prod staging

To deploy to staging:

make staging

To deploy to production:

make prod

Using Make, it’s a little bit more hairy than usual to force push to master, because the cd commands take place in a sub-process. You have to make sure subsequent commands are on the same line. For example, the deploy task would force push to your source code’s remote master branch if you failed to join the commands with && or ;!

I push my site’s source code to a private repository on BitBucket. One of the nice things about BitBucket is that it gives you the option to prevent deletions or history re-writes of branches.

If you have any suggested improvements, let me know on Twitter.

Plenert, Gerhard Johannes, author

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Crainer, Stuart

Crainer, Stuart

Crainer, Stuart

Primary trend of the stock is positive where stock price is trading above its 200-day SMA

Lenoir, Timothy, 1948- author

Dewey Library - KF8925.E5 E583 2019

Shekhar, Vibhanshu, author

Ford, Eugene, author

By going with ETFs, you eliminate decision-making, and emotional biases that come into play when picking active funds

Experts favour passive funds up to 40% in core and a bunch of active funds in satellite portfolio

Interview with Simon Thom, MB,BS, MD, author of Effects of a Fixed-Dose Combination Strategy on Adherence and Risk Factors in Patients With or at High Risk of CVD: The UMPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial

Online Resource

Online Resource

Barker Library - TL725.3.M2 S53 2019

Rotch Library - DT107.G49 2020