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Evasive balancing: India's unviable Indo-Pacific strategy

8 January 2020 , Volume 96, Number 1

Rajesh Rajagopalan

India has adopted the Indo-Pacific concept with uncharacteristic speed. This article examines India's Indo-Pacific strategy, which evolved out of its earlier ‘Look East’ and ‘Act East’ policies but is much more focused on strategic concerns than on trade or connectivity. As such, the strategy is subset of its China policy, and includes contradictory elements of balancing China by building partnerships with the United States as well as with regional powers, while simultaneously pursuing a reassurance strategy to convince Beijing that India is not really balancing China. The combination of these contradictory elements is characterized as evasive balancing, which is a more useful concept than either pure balancing or hedging for understanding the policies of India and of many other countries in the region that are trying to manage China's rise. However, reassurance strategies rarely work and the combination of balancing and reassurance is even less likely to be viable.




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Outcomes of the Meeting of the Friends of the Co-Chairs on liability and redress, Bonn, 7-10 May 2008.

Outcomes of the Meeting of the Friends of the Co-Chairs on liability and redress, Bonn, 7-10 May 2008




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Press release: Agreement reached to work towards a legally binding instrument on Liability and Redress with regard to GMOs.




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Report of the Group of the Friends of the Co-Chairs on Liability and Redress in the Context of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety on the Work of its First Meeting.




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Report of the Group of the Friends of the Co-Chairs on Liability and Redress in the Context of The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety on the Work of Its Second Meeting




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Report of the Group of the Friends of the Co-Chairs on Liability and Redress in the Context of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety on the Work of its Third Meeting




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An Introductory Note in Preparation for Signature and Ratification of the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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The Nagoya - Kula Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety opens for signature at the United Nations Headquarters, New York.




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New Publication: The Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. English Version.




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The Nagoya - Kula Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety will be opened for signature on 7 March 2011, at the United Nations Headquarters, New York.




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Report of the African Regional Workshop on the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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Report of the Asia-Pacific Regional Workshop on the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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Report of the Inter-Regional Workshop on Capacity Needs for the Implementation of the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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Germany ratified the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress on 27 August 2013.




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A downloadable/printable poster and a new factsheet are now available for the celebration of the entry into force of the Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress, 5 March 2018




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Democratic People's Republic of Korea acceded to the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety on 1 October 2019.




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CBD Press Release: The Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Protocol on Liability and Redress for Damage Resulting from Living Modified Organisms born in Nagoya




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CBD Communique: Panama and Peru sign the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress.




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CBD Communiqué: Benin becomes sixty-sixth signatory of the Nagoya Protocol and the thirty-sixth signatory of the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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CBD Press Release: Latvia becomes the first country to ratify the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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CBD News: The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety closed for signature yesterday with a total of 51 signatories.




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CBD News: Ireland ratified the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress on 14 January 2013.




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CBD Communiqué: European Union approves Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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CBD News: Germany and Cambodia, on 27 and 30 August 2013 respectively, became the most recent countries to ratify/accede to the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.




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CBD News: The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress reaches the halfway mark to entry into force with ratification by Hungary.




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CBD News: With Denmark's ratification on 25 February, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety has received 75% of the necessary ratifications, with only 11 more ratifications neede




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CBD News: With Slovakia's ratification on 29 April 2015, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety needs only nine more ratifications to enter into force.




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CBD News: The World Health Organization's objective of scaling up the prevention, care, and surveillance of diabetes on World Health Day 2016 provides a timely opportunity to reflect upon the profound impacts of biodiversity loss and its consequences




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CBD News: Montreal, 25 May 2016 - With Congo's accession on 16 May 2016, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety needs only six more ratifications to enter into force.




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CBD News: With Swaziland's accession on 21 September 2016, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety needs only four more ratifications to enter into force.




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CBD News: Cuba deposited its instrument of accession to the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety on 26 April 2017. Thus only three more ratifications are required for the Supplementa




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CBD News: Central African Republic deposited its instrument of ratification to the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety on 15 June 2017.




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CBD News: With the Democratic Republic of the Congo depositing its instrument of accession on 4 October 2017, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety needs only one more instrument of




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CBD News: The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, following the deposit of the instrument of acceptance by Japan on 5 December 2017, will enter into force on 5 March 2018.




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CBD News: The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety enters into force today, 5 March 2018.




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Stability of Semi-Lagrangian schemes of arbitrary odd degree under constant and variable advection speed

Roberto Ferretti and Michel Mehrenberger
Math. Comp. 89 (2019), 1783-1805.
Abstract, references and article information





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