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Electrone Americas Releases Touch Free Printer For Hygenic Labelling in Contamination-Sensitive Environments

Florida-based company will release new no-contact printer aimed at commercial kitchens and laboratories.




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Connectivity Solutions Direct Introduces N+1, a High-Density Cabling Platform for Data Centers, at BICSI Fall Conference and Exhibition

N+1 platform features 8 and 12 port fiber cassettes and leading 96 port density per rack unit




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Zero-Emission Strategies for Harbour, Port and Transit Operations Unlocked at Canada's f-cell+HFC Impulse Summit

Two Workshops designed specifically for maritime, trucking and transit leaders




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Deadly Irving crash highlights risks of bus travel and other mass transit

A fatal bus accident outside Irving, Texas, has brought national attention to the safety of buses and other mass transit.




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Aqua Transitions Opens Their Pet Aquamation Facility

Pet Aquamation is a gentle, environmentally-friendly alternative to cremation and burial.




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Fiori: The Networking App Helping Trans People Pay For Their Transition

The developers at Fiori take the needs of trans and non-binary people seriously. That's why they're the first networking app to help fund people's gender transition goals.




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Be Ready To Transition To Summer In No Time!

Get the best eyewear deals in the transition of September.




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Don't Dread The First Morning Mirror Closeup With Skin 2 Skin's Anti-Wrinkle Night Recovery. Not Just A Night Cream But A Multitasking Dry Sensitive Skin Changer Within The First Five Days

With advanced volumizing wrinkle reducing, firming, peptide ChroNoLine with more than 30 antioxidants (mostly from botanicals), 200 skin nutrients, the most intriguing is Euk-134 (Eukarinon-134), a superoxide dismutase that is a radical scavenger




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Clifford Beaumont - UK Scores Brexit Transition Deal

Clifford Beaumont - EU agrees to 21 month Brexit transition period on the condition that the UK accepts Northern Ireland solution.




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Pattillo Industrial Real Estate Announces Transition of Leadership

Current CEO set to retire after leading company for over 30 years.




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Transitioning Your Summer Style into Autumn

5 trendy tips to help you keep your summer outfits last a little longer




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Be Ready to Transition from Summer to Fall in NO TIME!

With seasons changing as well we need to change our fashion. Don't forget to add key pieces such as: ankle boots, jacket, scarf and transition glasses.




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Research Roundup: More Transit = More Jobs, Congestion Trends & Statistics, Managing Increased Ridership

The Transportation Equity Network (TEN) has released More Transit = More Jobs: The Impact Of Increasing Funding For Public Transit (31p. PDF). TEN is a coalition of more than 350 grassroots organizations in 41 states that has worked since 1997 to build a more just, prosperous, and connected America.

This study asks two key questions:

What would be the effect on jobs in each metropolitan area of shifting 50% of the money spent on highways to public transit?

How many jobs would be created in each metro area if we increased funding on public transit at the rate indicated by the Transportation For America proposal for the next transportation authorization act?

The report highlights several statistics in answering those questions based on data from Transportation Improvement Programs (TIPS) in 20 U.S. metropolitan areas. For example, 1,123,674 new transit jobs would be created over a 5-year period for a net gain of 180,150 jobs without a single dollar of new spending.

However, if federal spending on transit increased as proposed by TEN and Transportation For America, an estimated 1.3 million jobs over the life of the law would be created, as well as almost 800,000 more jobs than under present federal transporation law (SAFETEA-LU).

The Federal Highway Administration published the 2009 Urban Congestion Trends (8p. PDF) document last week. This brief report utilizes a dashboard format to convey year-over-year changes in key traffic measures: daily hours of congestion, time penalty for eqach trip, worst-trip time penalty. Some key observations include:

  • Overall, congestion had declined in almost all monitored regions between 2008 and 2009
  • Less wasted time and fewer hours of the day were devoted to stop-and-go traffic in 16 of the 23 monitored regions
  • At least one of the three measures improved in 20 of the 23 monitored regions
  • Congestion is lowest during the summer vacation season
The report goes on to explain how operational improvements can mitigate congestion and promote smooth, safe and consistent traffic flow.

Examples provided from around the country include high-occupancy/toll lanes, freeway ramp metering, improved information coordination, work-zone management, and traffic signal system improvement programs.

In Managing Increasing Ridership Demand (32p. PDF), The FTA's Transit Cooperative Research Program presents an overview of a study mission investigating how several transit operators and agencies in Latin America accomodate sudden and significant growth in the number of riders and increasing demand for service.

Case studies from Guayaquil (Ecuador), Santiago (Chile), Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Porto Alegre (Brazil) were selected because they have faced and successfully dealt with challenges similar to recent ridership grown in the United States.

Each city's responses offer unique insight into managing increasing transit ridership and providing various perspectives on serving the mobility needs of their communities.

Two International Transit Studies Program study missions such as this are conducted each year. They have three objectives: To afford team members the opportunity to expand their network of domestic and international public transportation peers, to provide a forum for discussion of global initiatives and lessons learned in public transportation, and to facilitate idea sharing and the possible import of strategies for application to transportation communities in the United States.




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The 24-Hour City: 104 Years Of Owl Transit Service In Los Angeles

-- By Matt Barrett

Los Angeles has been a 24-hour city for much longer that most would imagine, and transit service has played an important role in keeping the city moving overnight for over 100 years.

(LAMTA Car 3022 trundles down the R Line tracks on owl service in 1963. Photo courtesy of Alan Weeks)


According to the September 11, 1906 edition of the Los Angeles Examiner newspaper, in a brief article entitled “Owl Cars Are Run on Principal Lines”:

The “owl” car service began last night. Cars on the principal lines left First and Spring streets at 1 and 2 o’clock. They were well patronized. The lines included are Boyle Heights, Grand Avenue, Vernon Avenue, University, Main Street, and Pico Heights.

At the time service began, these lines linked Downtown with what were then LA’s most populated neighborhoods around 6th and Rampart, Central and Slauson, Boyle Heights, 46th and Wesley, Vermont and 54th, and Pico and Wilton.

Owl service continued in operation as the fledgling network of streetcar lines, buses and interurban rail lines was purchased in 1911 and organized into two main transit companies: Pacific Electric, for long-distance interurban service, and Los Angeles Railway serving urban inner-city Los Angeles.

As Los Angeles grew outward, so did the length of the lines offering owl service. Special owl service guides were published and system maps included extensive owl service information for passengers.

Even as streetcar service slowly began the conversion to bus service, beginning as early as 1925 and continuing until the last rail line was shut down in 1963, owl service remained a part of the transit system – as it does today.

(This 1947 brochure advertised LAMTA's Owl Service)


Currently, Metro has 59 buses running on 26 lines during its overnight owl service, roughly midnight to 5 a.m., connecting Downtown to points north to the San Fernando Valley, south to Long Beach, east to El Monte and west to Santa Monica and Venice.






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New And Notable: Sprawl Repair Manual, Republic Of Drivers & Urban Mass Transit's Life Story

There is a wealth of research and literature explaining suburban sprawl and the urgent need to retrofit suburbia. However, until now there has been no single guide that directly explains how to repair typical sprawl elements.


Sprawl Repair Manual demonstrates a step-by-step design process for the re-balancing and re-urbanization of suburbia into more sustainable, economical, energy- and resource-efficient patterns, from the region and the community to the block and the individual building. (Even more information can be found at the Sprawl Repair Manual website).


Author Galina Tachieva asserts in this exceptionally useful (and exceptionaly handsome) book that sprawl repair will require a proactive and aggressive approach, focused on design, regulation and incentives.


The work provides much-needed, single-volume reference for fixing sprawl, incorporating changes into the regulatory system, and implementing repairs through incentives and permitting strategies. It draws on more than two decades of practical experience in the field of repairing and building communities to analyze the current pattern of sprawl development, disassemble it into its elemental components, and present a process for transforming them into human-scale, sustainable elements.


The techniques are illustrated both two- and three-dimensionally, providing users with clear methodologies for the sprawl repair interventions, some of which are radical, but all of which will produce positive results.


Rising gas prices, sprawl and congestion, global warming, even obesity—driving is a factor in many of the most contentious issues of our time. So how did we get here? How did automobile use become so vital to the identity of Americans?


Republic Of Drivers: A Cultural History Of Automobility In America looks back at the period between 1895 and 1961—from the founding of the first automobile factory in America to the creation of the Interstate Highway System—to find out how driving evolved into a crucial symbol of freedom and agency.


Author Cotten Seiler combs through a vast number of historical, social scientific, philosophical, and literary sources to illustrate the importance of driving to modern American conceptions of the self and the social and political order.


He finds that as the figure of the driver blurred into the figure of the citizen, automobility became a powerful resource for women, African Americans, and others seeking entry into the public sphere.


And yet, he argues, the individualistic but anonymous act of driving has also monopolized our thinking about freedom and democracy, discouraging the crafting of a more sustainable way of life.


As our fantasies of the open road turn into fears of a looming energy crisis, Seiler shows us just how we ended up a republic of drivers—and where we might be headed.


In Urban Mass Transit: The Life Story Of A Technology, the history of mass transit is vividly illustrated as the technological and social struggles that have accompanied urbanization and the need for an efficient and cost-effective means of transportation in cities.


From the omnibus and horsecar in the 1830s to the renaissance of urban mass transit at the turn of the 21st century, author Robert C. Post depicts mass transit as a technological system that provided an essential complement to industrialization, urbanization and, ultimately, to the rise of consumer culture.


At the heart of the story is the streetcar, a conveyance that played a central role in the development of U.S. cities and towns. Once dominating the urban landscape, the streetcar has all but disappeared. Post traces its evolution and demise, debunking the urban myth that the downfall of the electric streetcar was directly attributable to the corporate malfeasance of General Motors and others from the automotive world.


Post concludes with a meditation on the prospects for mass transit in a postmodern society that must face up to the contradictions of privatized mobility and the reality of dwindling natural resources.






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Resources To Know: California Transit Association & Its Annual Legislative Summary

Since its founding in 1965, the California Transit Association (CTA) has been a primary advocate for public transportation in the state.

The Association's team of legislative advocates works to promote multi-year transit funding and to represent transit's interests before the California State Legislature, the Governor and regulatory agencies on the local, state and federal levels.

CTA is dedicated to a collaborative approach to advocating for improved transit operations throughout California. Key to that approach is engaging our members in the advocacy process.

Members are frequently updated on policy developments through a variety of communications processes, and their participation is enlisted in numerous outreach efforts, including personal visits with elected officials, testifying before legislative committees and regulatory agencies, and conducting media relations campaigns.

To cultivate support and increased member activity, the Association strives to strategically mobilize members in key political districts and to build statewide coalitions to focus pressure on policy development.

Of increasing importance is the mobilization of organizations other than transit providers in the
cause.

CTA's partnership with such "non-traditional" transit advocates has supplemented the advocacy effort and has helped members to forge relationships with and utilize the resources of everything from nationwide public interest organizations to local ridership groups.

With support and active engagement from member organizations and other community interests, CTA is focused on implementing transit-friendly policy, a balanced transportation system, and increased transit funding.

Each year, CTA publishes a Legislative Summary that provides a synopsis and analysis of state legislation affecting public transportation and the transit-relevant components of the state budget process.

Compiled by the Association's team of legislative advocates, the annual publication is a great reference tool for those seeking information about statewide transit and transportation legislation.

The report for the 2010 legislative session (31p. PDF) is divided into three catagories:

Significant Transit Legislation: identifying and describing high-priority legislation supported by the Association, pending the Governor's signature in 2010

2010-2011 State Budget: describing the budget's impact on public transportation and the State Transit Assistance (STA) Program, and Proposition 1B allocations

Matrix Of Significant Transit-Related Legislation: Identifying the most significant transit-related legislation considered by the Association's Legislative Committee during the 2010 Legislative Session, whether enacted or not.

Once an information-seeker has located legislation of interest, they can visit the CTA's Advocacy webpage to search for the full-text of bills (as well as fact sheets, links to other reports, etc.)

The CTA website also features Legislative Bulletin Resources for recently passed legislation, and an Advocacy Archive featuring resources such as a Summary Of Provisions And Impact Of The Gas Tax Swap, as proposed earlier this year.




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Picking the Right Transition Strategy

Michael Watkins, cofounder of Genesis Advisers and author of the HBR article "Picking the Right Transition Strategy."




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Kareem Abdul-Jabbar on Teamwork and Career Transitions

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, basketball legend, New York Times best-selling author, and filmmaker.




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Flowfinity offers support program for transitioning to remote work

New program offers licenses, consultation hours to help support remote work strategies




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SCCM Pod-169 PCCM: Formal Handover Protocols Reduce Errors During Transition to the ICU

Brian F. Joy, MD, a fellow in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology at Childrens Memorial Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, USA, discussed an article published in the May 2011 Pediatric Critical Care Medicine




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SCCM Pod-266 Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Reduce Therapeutic Intensity for Severe TBI in Children

Margaret Parker, MD, MCCM, speaks with George P. Liao, MD and Charles S. Cox, MD




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Transition to New Road Alignment to Begin September 8 as Improvements at the Grand Canyon Visitor Center and Mather Point Continue

As the first phase of improvements called for in Grand Canyon National Park's South Rim Visitor Transportation Plan nears completion, the transition to the new South Entrance Road alignment will begin on Tuesday, September 8.  https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/news_2009-09-02_phasei.htm




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Transition to Type 2 Incident Management Team Tomorrow Morning

Today additional resources arrived to support the Fuller Fire. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/type-2-team-fuller.htm




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Grand Canyon North Rim Transitions into Day Use November 1, 2018

North Rim operations in Grand Canyon National Park will begin day use operations on Thursday November 1, 2018. At that time, the Visitor Center, Backcountry Office and Campground Kiosk will be closed. The Entrance Station will be unstaffed, but fees will continue to be collected via an automated machine. Limited park staff is present on the North Rim year-round https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/grand-canyon-north-rim-transitions-into-day-use-area-november-1-2018.htm




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Command Of Ikes Fire Transitions To Type 4 Team, Closures Remain In Place

The Ikes Fire, which has been managed by a Local Type 3 Incident Management Team (IMT), transitioned to a local Type 4 Incident Commander effective this morning, Sunday, August 25, 2019. This will be the Final Ikes Fire News Release unless significant fire activity occurs. North Rim Closures: Powell Plateau Trail, The North Bass Trail, Fire Point, Swamp Point, and the W4 road north of the intersection of the W4 and W1 Roads. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/ikes-fire-command-transitions-to-type-4-team-closures-remain-20190825.htm




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Grand Canyon National Park's North Rim Transitions to Reduced Services

Grand Canyon National Park's North Rim will transition to seasonally reduced services beginning at noon on Oct. 16, 2019. Grand Canyon National Park would like to remind the public to plan accordingly if they intend to visit the North Rim after Oct. 15. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/gcnp-n-rim-transitions-to-reduced-services-2019-10-02.htm




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Grand Canyon National Park Transitions to Limited Services

Grand Canyon National Park is announcing modifications to operations to implement the latest guidance from the White House, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), and local and state authorities. 03/19/2020 https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/grca-np-transitions-to-limited-services-03-19-2020.htm




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A sensitivity analysis of Forests on the Edge: Housing Development on America's Private Forests.

The original Forests on the Edge report (FOTE 1) indicated that 44.2 million acres of private forest land was projected to experience substantial increases in residential development in the coming decades.




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Laminated Root Rot In A Western Washington Plantation: 8-Year Mortality and Growth of Douglas-Fir As Related To Infected Stumps, Tree Density, and Fertilization

A 4-year-old Douglas-fir plantation in the western Washington Cascades was monitored for 8 years after fertilization with potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and K+N to determine fertilizer effects on rates of mortality from laminated root rot (LRR) and other causes relative to a nonfertilized control.




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Let's mix it up! The benefits of variable-density thinning.

Can management of 40- to 80-year-old forests on the Olympic Peninsula accelerate the development of stand structures and plant and animal communities associated with much older forests?




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Private Forests, Public Benefits: Increased Housing Density and Other Pressures on Private Forest Contributions

Over half (56 percent) of America's forests are privately owned and managed and provide a vast array of public goods and services, such as clean water, timber, wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities. These important public benefits are being affected by increased housing density in urban as well as rural areas across the country.




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The density and distribution of Sitka spruce and western hemlock seedling banks in partially harvested stands in southeast Alaska

This study's objective was to document and describe the current seedling bank of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands in southeast Alaska that were partially cut between 1900 and 1984.




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New report provides conservation and management strategies for climate-sensitive yellow-cedar in Alaska

The U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station today released a new report that outlines a climate adaptation strategy for yellow-cedar in Alaska.




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Economic Sensitivity and Risk Analysis for Small-Scale Wood Pellet Systems—an Example From Southeast Alaska.

This research models a wood pellet heating system at the Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority in Juneau, Alaska, used to provide thermal energy to a 929-m2 warehouse, as an alternative to a heating system that burns more costly fossil fuels. Research objectives were to evaluate project economics of the pellet system and to conduct cost:benefit analysis on key variables (initial capital cost, fuel oil cost, and wood pellet cost). Economic results of interest included net present value, payback, internal rate of return, and cost:benefit ratio. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted using RETScreen software with the parameters of heating oil cost, wood pellet cost, fuel price escalation, and heating load. Cost:benefit analysis was conducted for capital cost versus wood fuel cost and also versus alternative fuel cost. This research found that economic performance was favorable over a wide range of normal operating conditions, even when paying a relatively high price for wood fuel. A pellet production facility in southeast Alaska could lead to lower wood fuel costs and even more favorable regional economics.




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Super Hi-Fi Announces 1 Billion Monthly Transitions Benchmark

SUPER HI-FI has surpassed 1 billion monthly music transitions, tripling volume from its last report in back in JANUARY. Each transition reflects a unique AI calculation driving perfect song … more




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Get Started With CSS3 Transitions Today

Transitions (basic animations) are one of the most popular additions in CSS3, and one of the easiest to implement for big gains on your site. A transition is simply an animation from one set of CSS properties to another. So for example; whilst before you may have had links with blue text, which suddenly turned orange when you hovered on them, you would now replace that sudden jump with a more graceful animation. In this post, we'll look at the basic syntax, step through some examples, and finally take a brief look at current browser support.




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All About Cubic Bezier Curves & Transitions

In the last post, we looked at the basics of CSS transitions, including how to use easing to control how your animation flows. In this post, I want to look deeper at a very powerful easing feature; cubic bezier curves. In short, they let you define exactly what path your animation will take, and thanks to some awesome community tools, they are extremely easy to use (No maths required at all). This gives you total flexibility with your transitions. One of the best tools is the free Cubic-Bezier.com by Lea Verou. It lets you make new curves and see them in action just by dragging the handles. We'll use it for all of the demos in this post, and it's well worth a bookmark!




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Tutorial: Duo Layout With CSS3 Animations & Transitions (Pt. 2)

Last week I demonstrated how to build a split-screen website layout using CSS flexbox and viewport units that offers an alternative way to present a brand’s featured content. Clicking on one side or the other navigates further into the site without a page load, using CSS transitions and 3d transforms. This week, I’ll show you […]


The post Tutorial: Duo Layout With CSS3 Animations & Transitions (Pt. 2) appeared first on Web Designer Wall.




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Easy CSS Animation With Transition & Transforms

Recently, I walked you through how to create a simple landing page that used a couple different CSS animation techniques. “Animation” is a loose term, in web design usually referring to anything that involves movement. CSS transitions are one tool we are given to manipulate elements on state changes or mouse events, and when combines […]


The post Easy CSS Animation With Transition & Transforms appeared first on Web Designer Wall.




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Transitioning from academic research to UX research

Doing UX research in a university is very different to doing UX research in a business setting. If you're an academic making the leap, what are the main differences you need to keep in mind?




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A stand-alone analysis of quasidensity. (arXiv:1907.07278v8 [math.FA] UPDATED)

In this paper we consider the "quasidensity" of a subset of the product of a Banach space and its dual, and give a connection between quasidense sets and sets of "type (NI)". We discuss "coincidence sets" of certain convex functions and prove two sum theorems for coincidence sets. We obtain new results on the Fitzpatrick extension of a closed quasidense monotone multifunction. The analysis in this paper is self-contained, and independent of previous work on "Banach SN spaces". This version differs from the previous version because it is shown that the (well known) equivalence of quasidensity and "type (NI)" for maximally monotone sets is not true without the monotonicity assumption and that the appendix has been moved to the end of Section 10, where it rightfully belongs.




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Phase Transitions for one-dimensional Lorenz-like expanding Maps. (arXiv:2005.03558v1 [math.DS])

Given an one-dimensional Lorenz-like expanding map we prove that the conditionlinebreak $P_{top}(phi,partial mathcal{P},ell)<P_{top}(phi,ell)$ (see, subsection 2.4 for definition), introduced by Buzzi and Sarig in [1] is satisfied for all continuous potentials $phi:[0,1]longrightarrow mathbb{R}$. We apply this to prove that quasi-H"older-continuous potentials (see, subsection 2.2 for definition) have at most one equilibrium measure and we construct a family of continuous but not H"older and neither weak H"older continuous potentials for which we observe phase transitions. Indeed, this class includes all H"older and weak-H"older continuous potentials and form an open and [2].




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A regularity criterion of the 3D MHD equations involving one velocity and one current density component in Lorentz. (arXiv:2005.03377v1 [math.AP])

In this paper, we study the regularity criterion of weak solutions to the three-dimensional (3D) MHD equations. It is proved that the solution $(u,b)$ becomes regular provided that one velocity and one current density component of the solution satisfy% egin{equation} u_{3}in L^{frac{30alpha }{7alpha -45}}left( 0,T;L^{alpha ,infty }left( mathbb{R}^{3} ight) ight) ext{ with }frac{45}{7}% leq alpha leq infty , label{eq01} end{equation}% and egin{equation} j_{3}in L^{frac{2eta }{2eta -3}}left( 0,T;L^{eta ,infty }left( mathbb{R}^{3} ight) ight) ext{ with }frac{3}{2}leq eta leq infty , label{eq02} end{equation}% which generalize some known results.




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Pointwise densities of homogeneous Cantor measure and critical values. (arXiv:2005.03269v1 [math.DS])

Let $Nge 2$ and $ hoin(0,1/N^2]$. The homogenous Cantor set $E$ is the self-similar set generated by the iterated function system

[

left{f_i(x)= ho x+frac{i(1- ho)}{N-1}: i=0,1,ldots, N-1 ight}.

]

Let $s=dim_H E$ be the Hausdorff dimension of $E$, and let $mu=mathcal H^s|_E$ be the $s$-dimensional Hausdorff measure restricted to $E$. In this paper we describe, for each $xin E$, the pointwise lower $s$-density $Theta_*^s(mu,x)$ and upper $s$-density $Theta^{*s}(mu, x)$ of $mu$ at $x$. This extends some early results of Feng et al. (2000). Furthermore, we determine two critical values $a_c$ and $b_c$ for the sets

[

E_*(a)=left{xin E: Theta_*^s(mu, x)ge a ight}quad extrm{and}quad E^*(b)=left{xin E: Theta^{*s}(mu, x)le b ight}

] respectively, such that $dim_H E_*(a)>0$ if and only if $a<a_c$, and that $dim_H E^*(b)>0$ if and only if $b>b_c$. We emphasize that both values $a_c$ and $b_c$ are related to the Thue-Morse type sequences, and our strategy to find them relies on ideas from open dynamics and techniques from combinatorics on words.




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Dynamical Phase Transitions for Fluxes of Mass on Finite Graphs. (arXiv:2005.03262v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech])

We study the time-averaged flux in a model of particles that randomly hop on a finite directed graph. In the limit as the number of particles and the time window go to infinity but the graph remains finite, the large-deviation rate functional of the average flux is given by a variational formulation involving paths of the density and flux. We give sufficient conditions under which the large deviations of a given time averaged flux is determined by paths that are constant in time. We then consider a class of models on a discrete ring for which it is possible to show that a better strategy is obtained producing a time-dependent path. This phenomenon, called a dynamical phase transition, is known to occur for some particle systems in the hydrodynamic scaling limit, which is thus extended to the setting of a finite graph.




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The Sensitivity of Language Models and Humans to Winograd Schema Perturbations. (arXiv:2005.01348v2 [cs.CL] UPDATED)

Large-scale pretrained language models are the major driving force behind recent improvements in performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge, a widely employed test of common sense reasoning ability. We show, however, with a new diagnostic dataset, that these models are sensitive to linguistic perturbations of the Winograd examples that minimally affect human understanding. Our results highlight interesting differences between humans and language models: language models are more sensitive to number or gender alternations and synonym replacements than humans, and humans are more stable and consistent in their predictions, maintain a much higher absolute performance, and perform better on non-associative instances than associative ones. Overall, humans are correct more often than out-of-the-box models, and the models are sometimes right for the wrong reasons. Finally, we show that fine-tuning on a large, task-specific dataset can offer a solution to these issues.




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PACT: Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing. (arXiv:2004.03544v4 [cs.CR] UPDATED)

The global health threat from COVID-19 has been controlled in a number of instances by large-scale testing and contact tracing efforts. We created this document to suggest three functionalities on how we might best harness computing technologies to supporting the goals of public health organizations in minimizing morbidity and mortality associated with the spread of COVID-19, while protecting the civil liberties of individuals. In particular, this work advocates for a third-party free approach to assisted mobile contact tracing, because such an approach mitigates the security and privacy risks of requiring a trusted third party. We also explicitly consider the inferential risks involved in any contract tracing system, where any alert to a user could itself give rise to de-anonymizing information.

More generally, we hope to participate in bringing together colleagues in industry, academia, and civil society to discuss and converge on ideas around a critical issue rising with attempts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.




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Subgraph densities in a surface. (arXiv:2003.13777v2 [math.CO] UPDATED)

Given a fixed graph $H$ that embeds in a surface $Sigma$, what is the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex graph $G$ that embeds in $Sigma$? We show that the answer is $Theta(n^{f(H)})$, where $f(H)$ is a graph invariant called the `flap-number' of $H$, which is independent of $Sigma$. This simultaneously answers two open problems posed by Eppstein (1993). When $H$ is a complete graph we give more precise answers.




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A Tale of Two Perplexities: Sensitivity of Neural Language Models to Lexical Retrieval Deficits in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type. (arXiv:2005.03593v1 [cs.CL])

In recent years there has been a burgeoning interest in the use of computational methods to distinguish between elicited speech samples produced by patients with dementia, and those from healthy controls. The difference between perplexity estimates from two neural language models (LMs) - one trained on transcripts of speech produced by healthy participants and the other trained on transcripts from patients with dementia - as a single feature for diagnostic classification of unseen transcripts has been shown to produce state-of-the-art performance. However, little is known about why this approach is effective, and on account of the lack of case/control matching in the most widely-used evaluation set of transcripts (DementiaBank), it is unclear if these approaches are truly diagnostic, or are sensitive to other variables. In this paper, we interrogate neural LMs trained on participants with and without dementia using synthetic narratives previously developed to simulate progressive semantic dementia by manipulating lexical frequency. We find that perplexity of neural LMs is strongly and differentially associated with lexical frequency, and that a mixture model resulting from interpolating control and dementia LMs improves upon the current state-of-the-art for models trained on transcript text exclusively.




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Database Traffic Interception for Graybox Detection of Stored and Context-Sensitive XSS. (arXiv:2005.03322v1 [cs.CR])

XSS is a security vulnerability that permits injecting malicious code into the client side of a web application. In the simplest situations, XSS vulnerabilities arise when a web application includes the user input in the web output without due sanitization. Such simple XSS vulnerabilities can be detected fairly reliably with blackbox scanners, which inject malicious payload into sensitive parts of HTTP requests and look for the reflected values in the web output.

Contemporary blackbox scanners are not effective against stored XSS vulnerabilities, where the malicious payload in an HTTP response originates from the database storage of the web application, rather than from the associated HTTP request. Similarly, many blackbox scanners do not systematically handle context-sensitive XSS vulnerabilities, where the user input is included in the web output after a transformation that prevents the scanner from recognizing the original value, but does not sanitize the value sufficiently. Among the combination of two basic data sources (stored vs reflected) and two basic vulnerability patterns (context sensitive vs not so), only one is therefore tested systematically by state-of-the-art blackbox scanners.

Our work focuses on systematic coverage of the three remaining combinations. We present a graybox mechanism that extends a general purpose database to cooperate with our XSS scanner, reporting and injecting the test inputs at the boundary between the database and the web application. Furthermore, we design a mechanism for identifying the injected inputs in the web output even after encoding by the web application, and check whether the encoding sanitizes the injected inputs correctly in the respective browser context. We evaluate our approach on eight mature and technologically diverse web applications, discovering previously unknown and exploitable XSS flaws in each of those applications.