This week, Enel S.p.A. announced the opening of its newest Innovation Hub in Boston at Greentown Labs, the largest cleantech startup incubator in the United States. The Hub will provide Enel, one of the world’s leading power companies, access to Greentown Labs’ startup community and innovation expertise.

Wasiirka Shaqada iyo Arrimaha bulshada ee Xukumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya Sadiiq Xirsi warfaa ayaa sheegay in si habsami leh uu u socdo barnaamijka Baxnaano oo loogu talagalay in lagu kaalmeeyo dadka danyara ah. Wasiirka Warfaa ayaa sheegay in mashruucaan uu yahay mid ay leedahay Dowladda Soomaaliyeed, isla markaana uu taageero ka heysto Bankiga aduunka waxaana bishii […]

The post Dowladda Soomaaliya oo sheegtay in si habsami leh uu u socdo barnaamijka baxnaano. appeared first on Horseed Media • Somali News.

Taliyiha ciidanka Boolis magaalada Dhuusamareeb ee maamul goboleedka Galmudug Burhaan Axmed ayaa iska casaley xilkii uu degmada ka hayey kadib markii rag ka tirsan shabakad isku xiran oo al-Shabaab ah oo uu soo qabtey xabsiga laga sii daayey iyada oo la diidey in wax baaritaan ah la mariyo. ”Waxaa xabsiga Dhuusamareeb laga sii daayay laba […]

The post Taliye Boolis oo isu casiley rag al-Shabaab ah oo xabsiga laga siidaayey -VIDEO appeared first on Horseed Media • Somali News.

Former President Obama during a private call on Friday night with his former aides tore into the Trump administration’s response to the coronavirus crisis, calling it an “absolute chaotic disaster.” The blistering assessment, confirmed to CNN by three former Obama administration officials, came on a call intended to encourage members of the Obama Alumni Association to engage with former Vice President Joe BidenJoe...

SPEAKER Alan Peter Cayetano breaks his silence on the closure of media giant ABS-CBN Corp. after a cease and desist order was issued by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) and warned of “reckoning” for those responsible for the “mess”. “Last Tuesday we were all ambushed by the NTC,” Cayetano said in a statement posted on […]

THE Supreme Court will raffle off next week media giant ABS-CBN’s petition to set aside the closure order issued by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC). “The petition will be raffled to a member-in-charge on Monday, 11 May 2020, who will then make a recommendation for the consideration of the Court en banc,” Brian Keith Hosaka, […]

SURAT THANI: A Spanish man has allegedly stabbed a Chilean man to death on Koh Phangan in this southern province.

Former Leeds United man Ian Harte believes his old club will take legal action if they are denied a chance to play in the Premier League next season due to the Covid-19 crisis.

The Philippines’ top broadcaster ABS-CBN on Tuesday was ordered off the air over a stalled operating licence renewal, drawing fresh charges that authorities were cracking down on press freedom.Since running afoul of President Rodrigo Duterte in 2016, the media powerhouse has seen bills to extend its franchise languish in Congress as the leader repeatedly attacked ABS-CBN in speeches.Duterte is notorious for tangling with media outlets critical of his policies, sparking concern that press…

The Philippines’ largest broadcaster ABS-CBN was forced off the air on Tuesday, the same day Conchita Lopez Taylor turned 90.“We’re used to it,” she said in a phone interview from her home in California.“We” referred to the large Lopez clan who owns the company, which had been forced to shut once before.Taylor was a 42-year-old mother of seven when ABS-CBN’s facilities were seized in 1972 by the clan’s former political ally, then-President Ferdinand Marcos. Her husband, former ABS-CBN chairman…

In a back room of Singaporean dentist Teehee Dental Works, three orange-topped boxes hum with a sterile buzz.Over the next three hours, a thousand strands of liquid resin will form and harden to become plastic nasal swabs, ready to be used in Covid-19 test kits. Those 3D printers – normally making dentures and crowns – are a part of a local effort to re-tool some of Singapore’s industries to respond to a growing need for test kits amid the widening coronavirus pandemic.With one of Asia’s…

“We are alarmed that soon, other media outlets would follow. Without the freedom of the press, there is the danger of other freedoms to be lost. God forbid, these are the first 'test signs' of curtailing other rights.”

The post ABS-CBN shutdown may lead to curtailing of more rights, says press freedom fighter Edita Burgos appeared first on Bulatlat.

Online protests were held simultaneously in support of ABS-CBN.

The post Support pours for ABS-CBN as advocates hold online ‘Black Friday’ protest appeared first on Bulatlat.

"Shrinking democratic space through the militarizing of the pandemic response as well as not closing the largest media network’s airwaves is a direct affront to civil liberties.”

The post Offline protests condemn shutdown of ABS-CBN appeared first on Bulatlat.

Once thought too abstract, category theory has become remarkably pervasive in science, says mathematician and pianist Eugenia Cheng

A glass bead has been brought down to its coldest possible quantum state using a new method that may one day allow us to observe an object in two places at once

Temperature checks, compulsory face masks and scrupulous hygiene - it's more like going to a hospital than a school, but the Shanghai students returning to class after three months of lockdown are...

Watch Netflix's Absurd Planet explore weird animals, discover the powerful chemical industry and create dance using a choreographer’s motion-capture moves

Title: Curbing School Bus Pollution Might Reduce Absences
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

ABSTRACT

Recent global advocacy efforts have highlighted the importance of development of a vaccine against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Combo5 is a non-M protein-based vaccine that provides protection against GAS skin infection in mice and reduces the severity of pharyngitis in nonhuman primates. However, Combo5 with the addition of aluminum hydroxide (alum) as an adjuvant failed to protect against invasive GAS infection of mice. Here, we show that formulation of Combo5 with adjuvants containing saponin QS21 significantly improves protective efficacy, even though all 7 adjuvants tested generated high antigen-specific IgG antibody titers, including alum. Detailed characterization of Combo5 formulated with SMQ adjuvant, a squalene-in-water emulsion containing a TLR4 agonist and QS21, showed significant differences from the results obtained with alum in IgG subclasses generated following immunization, with an absence of GAS opsonizing antibodies. SMQ, but not alum, generated strong interleukin-6 (IL-6), gamma interferon (IFN-), and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) responses. This work highlights the importance of adjuvant selection for non-M protein-based GAS vaccines to optimize immune responses and protective efficacy.

IMPORTANCE Availability of a group A Streptococcus vaccine remains an unmet public health need. Here, we tested different adjuvant formulations to improve the protective efficacy of non-M protein vaccine Combo5 in an invasive disease model. We show that novel adjuvants can dramatically shape the type of immune response developed following immunization with Combo5 and significantly improve protection. In addition, protection afforded by Combo5 is not mediated by opsonizing antibodies, believed to be the main correlate of protection against GAS infections. Overall, this report highlights the importance of adjuvant selection in raising protective immune responses against GAS invasive infection. Adjuvants that can provide a more balanced Th1/Th2-type response may be required to optimize protection of GAS vaccines, particularly those based on non-M protein antigens.

ABSTRACT

The initiation of Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA replication starts with the oligomerization of the DnaA protein at repeat sequences within the origin (ori) region. The amount of ori DNA per cell directly correlates with the growth rate. During fast growth, the cell generation time is shorter than the time required for complete DNA replication; therefore, overlapping rounds of chromosome replication are required. Under these circumstances, the ori region DNA abundance exceeds the DNA abundance in the termination (ter) region. Here, high ori/ter ratios are found to persist in (p)ppGpp-deficient [(p)ppGpp⁰] cells over a wide range of balanced exponential growth rates determined by medium composition. Evidently, (p)ppGpp is necessary to maintain the usual correlation of slow DNA replication initiation with a low growth rate. Conversely, ori/ter ratios are lowered when cell growth is slowed by incrementally increasing even low constitutive basal levels of (p)ppGpp without stress, as if (p)ppGpp alone is sufficient for this response. There are several previous reports of (p)ppGpp inhibition of chromosomal DNA synthesis initiation that occurs with very high levels of (p)ppGpp that stop growth, as during the stringent starvation response or during serine hydroxamate treatment. This work suggests that low physiological levels of (p)ppGpp have significant functions in growing cells without stress through a mechanism involving negative supercoiling, which is likely mediated by (p)ppGpp regulation of DNA gyrase.

IMPORTANCE Bacterial cells regulate their own chromosomal DNA synthesis and cell division depending on the growth conditions, producing more DNA when growing in nutritionally rich media than in poor media (i.e., human gut versus water reservoir). The accumulation of the nucleotide analog (p)ppGpp is usually viewed as serving to warn cells of impending peril due to otherwise lethal sources of stress, which stops growth and inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. This work importantly finds that small physiological changes in (p)ppGpp basal levels associated with slow balanced exponential growth incrementally inhibit the intricate process of initiation of chromosomal DNA synthesis. Without (p)ppGpp, initiations mimic the high rates present during fast growth. Here, we report that the effect of (p)ppGpp may be due to the regulation of the expression of gyrase, an important enzyme for the replication of DNA that is a current target of several antibiotics.

Scarlet J. Park and William W. Ja

Factors that mediate ethanol preference in Drosophila melanogaster are not well understood. A major confound has been the use of diverse methods to estimate ethanol consumption. We measured fly consumptive ethanol preference on base diets varying in nutrients, taste, and ethanol concentration. Both sexes showed ethanol preference that was abolished on high nutrient concentration diets. Additionally, manipulating total food intake without altering the nutritive value of the base diet or the ethanol concentration was sufficient to evoke or eliminate ethanol preference. Absolute ethanol intake and food volume consumed were stronger predictors of ethanol preference than caloric intake or the dietary caloric content. Our findings suggest that the effect of the base diet on ethanol preference is largely mediated by total consumption associated with the delivery medium, which ultimately determines the level of ethanol intake. We speculate that a physiologically relevant threshold for ethanol intake is essential for preferential ethanol consumption.

The organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)2B1 is localized on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and is expressed in enterocytes. Based on its distribution pattern and functional similarity to OATP1B-type transporters, OATP2B1 might have a role in the absorption and disposition of a range of xenobiotics. Although several prescription drugs, including hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) such as fluvastatin, are OATP2B1 substrates in vitro, evidence supporting the in vivo relevance of this transporter remains limited, and most has relied on substrate-inhibitor interactions resulting in altered pharmacokinetic properties of the victim drugs. To address this knowledge deficit, we developed and characterized an Oatp2b1-deficient mouse model and evaluated the impact of this transporter on the absorption and disposition of fluvastatin. Consistent with the intestinal localization of Oatp2b1, we found that the genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Oatp2b1 was associated with decreased absorption of fluvastatin by 2- to 3-fold. The availability of a viable Oatp2b1-deficient mouse model provides an opportunity to unequivocally determine the contribution of this transporter to the absorption and drug-drug interaction potential of drugs.

The kidneys play an important role in many processes, including urine formation, water conservation, acid-base equilibrium, and elimination of waste. The anatomic and functional development of the kidney has different maturation time points in humans versus animals, with critical differences between species in maturation before and after birth. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs vary depending on age and maturation, which will lead to differences in toxicity and efficacy. When neonate/juvenile laboratory animal studies are designed, a thorough knowledge of the differences in kidney development between newborns/children and laboratory animals is essential. The human and laboratory animal data must be combined to obtain a more complete picture of the development in the kidneys around the neonatal period and the complexity of ADME in newborns and children. This review examines the ontogeny and cross-species differences in ADME processes in the developing kidney in preterm and term laboratory animals and children. It provides an overview of insights into ADME functionality in the kidney by identifying what is currently known and which gaps still exist. Currently important renal function properties such as glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and ability to concentrate are generally well known, while detailed knowledge about transporter and metabolism maturation is growing but is still lacking. Preclinical data in those properties is limited to rodents and generally covers only the expression levels of transporter or enzyme-encoding genes. More knowledge on a functional level is needed to predict the kinetics and toxicity in neonate/juvenile toxicity and efficacy studies.

Virus-like-particle (VLP) influenza vaccines can be given intramuscularly (i.m.) or intranasally (i.n.) and may have advantages over split-virion formulations in the elderly. We tested a plant-made VLP vaccine candidate bearing the viral hemagglutinin (HA) delivered either i.m. or i.n. in young and aged mice. Young adult (5- to 8-week-old) and aged (16- to 20-month-old) female BALB/c mice received a single 3-μg dose based on the HA (A/California/07/2009 H1N1) content of a plant-made H1-VLP (i.m. or i.n.) split-virion vaccine (i.m.) or were left naive. After vaccination, humoral and splenocyte responses were assessed, and some mice were challenged. Both VLP and split vaccines given i.m. protected 100% of the young animals, but the VLP group lost the least weight and had stronger humoral and cellular responses. Compared to split-vaccine recipients, aged animals vaccinated i.m. with VLP were more likely to survive challenge (80% versus 60%). The lung viral load postchallenge was lowest in the VLP i.m. groups. Mice vaccinated with VLP i.n. had little detectable immune response, but survival was significantly increased. In both age groups, i.m. administration of the H1-VLP vaccine elicited more balanced humoral and cellular responses and provided better protection from homologous challenge than the split-virion vaccine.

In iron-depleted women without anemia, oral iron supplements induce an increase in serum hepcidin (SHep) that persists for 24 hours, decreasing iron absorption from supplements given later on the same or next day. Consequently, iron absorption from supplements is highest if iron is given on alternate days. Whether this dosing schedule is also beneficial in women with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) given high-dose iron supplements is uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether, in women with IDA, alternate-day administration of 100 and 200 mg iron increases iron absorption compared to consecutive-day iron administration. Secondary objectives were to correlate iron absorption with SHep and iron status parameters. We performed a cross-over iron absorption study in women with IDA (n=19; median hemoglobin 11.5 mg/dL; mean serum ferritin 10 mg/L) who received either 100 or 200 mg iron as ferrous sulfate given at 8 AM on days 2, 3 and 5 labeled with stable iron isotopes 57Fe, 58Fe and 54Fe; after a 16-day incorporation period, the other labeled dose was given at 8 AM on days 23, 24 and 26 (days 2, 3 and 5 of the second period). Iron absorption on days 2 and 3 (consecutive) and day 5 (alternate) was assessed by measuring erythrocyte isotope incorporation. For both doses, SHep was higher on day 3 than on day 2 (P<0.001) or day 5 (P<0.01) with no significant difference between days 2 and 5. Similarly, for both doses, fractional iron absorption (FIA) on days 2 and 5 was 40-50% higher than on day 3 (P<0.001), while absorption on day 2 did not differ significantly from day 5. There was no significant difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects comparing the two iron doses (P=0.105). Alternate day dosing of oral iron supplements in anemic women may be preferable because it sharply increases FIA. If needed, to provide the same total amount of iron with alternate day dosing, twice the daily target dose should be given on alternate days, as total iron absorption from a single dose of 200 mg given on alternate days was approximately twice that from 100 mg given on consecutive days (P<0.001). In IDA, even if hepatic hepcidin expression is strongly suppressed by iron deficiency and erythropoietic drive, the intake of oral iron supplements leads to an acute hepcidin increase for 24 hours. The study was funded by ETH Zürich, Switzerland. This study has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03623997.

New drugs or therapeutic combinations are urgently needed against Mycobacterium abscessus. Previously, we demonstrated the potent activity of indole-2-carboxamides 6 and 12 against M. abscessus. We show here that these compounds act synergistically with imipenem and cefoxitin in vitro and increase the bactericidal activity of the β-lactams against M. abscessus. In addition, compound 12 also displays synergism with imipenem and cefoxitin within infected macrophages. The clinical potential of these new drug combinations requires further evaluation.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are the major cause of liver abscesses throughout East Asia, and these strains are usually antibiotic susceptible. Recently, multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent (MDR-HV) K. pneumoniae strains have emerged due to hypervirulent strains acquiring antimicrobial resistance determinants or the transfer of a virulence plasmid into a classic MDR strain. In this study, we characterized the clinical and microbiological properties of K. pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) caused by MDR-HV strains in Taiwan. Patients with community onset KPLA were retrospectively identified at Taipei Veterans General Hospital during January 2013 to May 2018. Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, capsular types, and sequence types were determined. MDR-HV strains and their parental antimicrobial-susceptible strains further underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in vivo mice lethality tests. Thirteen MDR-HV strains were identified from a total of 218 KPLA episodes. MDR-HV strains resulted in similar outcomes to antimicrobial-susceptible strains. All MDR-HV strains were traditional hypervirulent clones carrying virulence capsular types. The major resistance mechanisms were the overexpression of efflux pumps and/or the acquisition of ESBL or AmpC β-lactamase genes. WGS revealed that two hypervirulent strains had evolved to an MDR phenotype due to mutation in the ramR gene and the acquisition of an SHV-12-bearing plasmid, respectively. Both these MDR-HV strains retained high virulence compared to their parental strains. The spread of MDR-HV K. pneumoniae strains in the community raises significant public concerns, and measures should be taken to prevent the further acquisition of carbapenemase and other resistance genes among these strains in order to avoid the occurrence of untreatable KPLA.

As cancer researchers shutter their labs to comply with COVID-19–related work restrictions, some are turning their attention, resources, and technical know-how to the challenge of tackling the deadly coronavirus.

Background:

New technologies are being developed for early detection of multiple types of cancer simultaneously. To quantify the potential benefit, we estimated reductions in absolute cancer–related deaths that could occur if cancers diagnosed after metastasis (stage IV) were instead diagnosed at earlier stages.

John Deere, the nearly 200-year-old tractor manufacturer, now considers itself a software company

Argonne will use the CS-1 to help discover cancer therapies and understand colliding blackholes

Audio of a private conversation shows the 44th president's unvarnished views about the former national security adviser's case and the White House's COVID-19 response.

Oklahoma Gov. Kevin Stitt signed a bill Thursday to reinstate a law that requires all absentee voting be notarized, except during the coronavirus pandemic.

Two laboratories did not achieve a good performance in the initial 2018 quality control test on Salmonella typing, according to a new report. The National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) of EU member states participate in quality control tests which consist of proficiency tests on Salmonella. Performance is assessed annually by testing ability to identify 20 Salmonella... Continue Reading

Residents rebelled over plans to collect and use their data, among other things.

Philippine legislators pushed on Wednesday to get the country's biggest broadcaster back on air, amid widespread shock and dismay over an order by the industry regulator for the station to cease operations after its 25-year licence expired.

An estimated £10.4 million jackpot is up for grabs in Saturday's Lotto game after no-one won the top prize in the midweek draw.

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'Watching everyone's reaction to Joe Exotic was far better than the series itself,' one viewer wrote

Maya Erskine and Anna Konkle play lightly fictionalised versions of their 13-year-old selves in this cathartic comedy, writes Annabel Nugent

Many fans praised Helen McRory's 'bad-ass' performance and the unexpected musical sequence