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CBD Communiqué: Antigua and Barbuda becomes twenty-sixth signatory to the Nagoya - Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol




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CBD Communiqué: Bangladesh becomes the forty-second signatory to the Nagoya Protocol




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CBD Press Release: Djibouti becomes sixty-fifth signatory of the Nagoya Protocol on genetic resources.




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CBD Communiqué: Benin becomes sixty-sixth signatory of the Nagoya Protocol and the thirty-sixth signatory of the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress




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CBD Communiqué: Argentina becomes sixty-seventh signatory of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing




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CBD Communiqué: Vanuatu becomes sixty-eighth signatory of the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing




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CBD News: Guinea and Morocco, on 9 December 2011, became the latest signatories to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (




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CBD News: On 29 December 2011, Lithuania, became the seventy-first signatory of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD




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CBD News: Cyprus, on 29 December 2011, became the seventy-second signatory of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity and th




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CBD Communiqué: Somalia becomes seventy-third signatory of the Nagoya Protocol




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CBD Communiqué: The Federated States of Micronesia becomes seventy-fifth signatory of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing




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CBD Communiqué: Australia becomes 76th signatory of the Nagoya Protocol




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CBD Press Release: Nagoya Protocol on genetic resources achieves 92 signatories




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CBD News: The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety closed for signature yesterday with a total of 51 signatories.




nato

Vitamin D Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans: The Common Denominators

Shani V. Davis
Aug 1, 2011; 24:148-153
Feature Article/Vitamin D in African Americans




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Group Theory, Combinatorics, and Computing

Robert Fitzgerald Morse, University of Evansville, Daniela Nikolova-Popova, Florida Atlantic University, and Sarah Witherspoon, Texas A & M University, Editors - AMS, 2014, 187 pp., Softcover, ISBN-13: 978-0-8218-9435-4, List: US$78, All AMS Members: US$62.40, CONM/611

This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Group Theory, Combinatorics and Computing held from October 3-8, 2012, in Boca...




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Cybersecurity of NATO’s Space-based Strategic Assets

1 July 2019

Almost all modern military engagements rely on space-based assets, but cyber vulnerabilities can undermine confidence in the performance of strategic systems. This paper will evaluate the threats, vulnerabilities and consequences of cyber risks to strategic systems.

Dr Beyza Unal

Senior Research Fellow, International Security Programme

2019-06-25-Space-Cybersecurity.jpg

The radar domes of RAF Menwith Hill, reported to be the biggest spy base in the world, dominate the skyline on 30 October 2007 in Harrogate, UK. Photo: Getty Images

Summary

  • All satellites depend on cyber technology including software, hardware and other digital components. Any threat to a satellite’s control system or available bandwidth poses a direct challenge to national critical assets.
  • NATO’s missions and operations are conducted in the air, land, cyber and maritime domains. Space-based architecture is fundamental to the provision of data and services in each of these contexts. The critical dependency on space has resulted in new cyber risks that disproportionately affect mission assurance. Investing in mitigation measures and in the resilience of space systems for the military is key to achieving protection in all domains.
  • Almost all modern military engagements rely on space-based assets. During the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, 68 per cent of US munitions were guided utilizing space-based means (including laser-, infrared- and satellite-guided munitions); up sharply from 10 per cent in 1990–91, during the first Gulf war. In 2001, 60 per cent of the weapons used by the US in Afghanistan were precision-guided munitions, many of which had the capability to use information provided by space-based assets to correct their own positioning to hit a target.
  • NATO does not own satellites. It owns and operates a few terrestrial elements, such as satellite communications anchor stations and terminals. It requests access to products and services – such as space weather reports and satellite overflight reports provided via satellite reconnaissance advance notice systems – but does not have direct access to satellites: it is up to individual NATO member states to determine whether they allow access.
  • Cyber vulnerabilities undermine confidence in the performance of strategic systems. As a result, rising uncertainty in information and analysis continues to impact the credibility of deterrence and strategic stability. Loss of trust in technology also has implications for determining the source of a malicious attack (attribution), strategic calculus in crisis decision-making and may increase the risk of misperception.




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Understanding NATO Obligations Under the NPT

The objective of the project is to understand Alliance obligations within the framework of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament treaties.

Examining obligations under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and exploring new approaches that NATO could adopt to reconcile strategic stability with nuclear disarmament policies which could be introduced at the 2020 NPT Review Conference (RevCon).

The project facilitates the reconciliation of different positions in advance of the RevCon by providing a platform for stakeholders to communicate their respective positions and engage in constructive dialogue. Key research findings and contemporary analysis will be disseminated to officials and the policy community.

Through dialogue and research, the project aims to reduce polarisation in the nuclear field and consequently lay a foundation for increased collaboration during the discussions. It also provides a unique opportunity for NATO countries to explore specific new approaches, including in relation to identifying and analysing relevant geopolitical conditions for nuclear disarmament measures that will inform their inputs into the RevCon and related policy framework discussions.

This project is supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.




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Detection of multiple autoantibodies in patients with ankylosing spondylitis using nucleic acid programmable protein arrays [11. Microarrays/Combinatorics/Display Technology]

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a common, inflammatory rheumatic disease, which primarily affects the axial skeleton and is associated with sacroiliitis, uveitis and enthesitis. Unlike other autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, autoantibodies have not yet been reported to be a feature of AS. We therefore wished to determine if plasma from patients with AS contained autoantibodies and if so, characterize and quantify this response in comparison to patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and healthy controls. Two high-density nucleic acid programmable protein arrays expressing a total of 3498 proteins were screened with plasma from 25 patients with AS, 17 with RA and 25 healthy controls. Autoantigens identified were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis in order to determine patterns of signalling cascades or tissue origin. 44% of patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis demonstrated a broad autoantibody response, as compared to 33% of patients with RA and only 8% of healthy controls. Individuals with AS demonstrated autoantibody responses to shared autoantigens, and 60% of autoantigens identified in the AS cohort were restricted to that group. The AS patients autoantibody responses were targeted towards connective, skeletal and muscular tissue, unlike those of RA patients or healthy controls. Thus, patients with AS show evidence of systemic humoral autoimmunity and multispecific autoantibody production. Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays constitute a powerful tool to study autoimmune diseases.




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Ukraine and NATO: Destination Unknown

1 August 2008 , Number 10

As ever between NATO and Ukraine, the process advances, the destination is in doubt. Or so it seemed until the Bucharest summit declaration of April 3. The statement that Ukraine and Georgia ‘will become members of NATO’ was designed to remove doubt. Yet it was also designed to alleviate pressure on the organisation. Four months later, as the European Union prepares for its summit with Ukraine, pressure remains and doubt has returned.

James Sherr

Head, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House




nato

ECOT Looms Over Ohio Gubernatorial Candidates' Education Plans

Any discussion in politics of the future of education in Ohio inevitably turns to the Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow.




nato

Four Tips for District Leaders Dealing With Social Media Impersonators

Several incidents have popped up across the country in recent years: fake district accounts in Arkansas, California, Minnesota, and Ohio, and fake superintendent accounts in Delaware, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, among others.




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Lincoln Chafee, Ex-R.I. Governor, Senator, Eyes Democratic Run for President

Chafee has been supportive of the Obama administration's education agenda; as governor, he oversaw the rollout of the state's $75 million Race to the Top grant and a $50 million early-learning grant.




nato

Four Tips for District Leaders Dealing With Social Media Impersonators

Several incidents have popped up across the country in recent years: fake district accounts in Arkansas, California, Minnesota, and Ohio, and fake superintendent accounts in Delaware, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, among others.




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Descriptive anatomy of the horse and domestic animals / chiefly compiled from the manuscripts of Thomas Strangeways and Professor Goodsir by J. Wilson Johnston and T.J. Call.

Edinburgh : MacLachlan and Stewart, 1870.




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Descriptive catalogue of the anatomical and pathological museum of the School of Medicine, Park Street, Dublin / by John Houston.

London : Dublin, 1843.




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Descriptive catalogue of the anatomical museum of the Boston society for medical improvement / by J.B.S. Jackson.

Boston : W.D. Ticknor, 1847.




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Descriptive catalogue of the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh.

Edinburgh : William Whyte, 1829.




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A descriptive catalogue of the Warren Anatomical Museum / by J. B. S. Jackson.

Boston : A. Williams, 1870.




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Diatribe anatomico-physiologica de structura atque vita venarum a medicorum ordine Heidelbergensi praemio proposito ornata / autore Henrico Marx.

Carlsruhae : D.R. Marx, 1819.




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Die aeussere Nase : eine anatomisch-anthropologische Studie / von Oskar Hovorka, edl. von Zderas.

Wien : A. Holder, 1893.




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Die Anatomie der Brust des Menschen / von Hubert Luschka.

Tubingen : H. Laupp, 1863.




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Die Anatomie der menschlichem Rückenmarks-Nerven für Studierende und Ärzte / von Professor Dr. Rüdinger.

Stuttgart : J.G. Cotta, 1870.




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Die Anatomie des Auges bei den Griechen und Römern / von Hugo Magnus.

Leipzig : Veit, 1878.




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Die Anatomie des leberegels Distomum hepaticum L. / von Ferdinand Sommer.

Leipzig : W. Engelmann, 1880.




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Die Anatomie des Menschen : in Rücksicht auf die Bedürfnisse der praktischen Heilkunde / bearbeitet von Hubert Luschka.

Tubingen : H. Laupp, 1862-1869.




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Die Doppelbildungen und angebornen Geschwülste der Kreuzbeingegend in anatomischer und klinischer Beziehung / von Wilhelm Braune.

Leipzig : W. Engelmann, 1862.




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Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrika's / ethnographisch und anatomisch Beschrieben von Gustav Fritsch ... mit zahlreichen Illustrationen, grossentheils nach Original-Photographien und Zeichnungen des Verfassers im Holzschnitt ausgeführt, zwanzig lith

Breslau : F. Hirt, 1872.




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Die Erlahmung des hypertrophierten Herzmuskels, mit pathologisch-anatomischen Untersuchungen / von Robert Schluter.

Leipzig : Deuticke, 1906.




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Die Fortschritte der Nierenpathologie / von R. Lepine ; Deutsch bearbeitet von W. Havelburg ; mit einleitendem Vorwort von H. Senator.

Berlin : A. Hirschwald, 1884.




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Die Knochen und Muskeln der Extremitaten bei den schlangenähnlichen Sauriern : vergleichend-anatomische Abhandlung / von Max Fürbringer.

Leipzig : W. Engelmann, 1870.




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Die Melaena vera neonatorum / von Wilh. Goebel.

Berlin : Heuser, 1889.




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Die Milchdrüsen der Kuh, ihre Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathologie ... / von M.H.F. Fürstenberg.

Leipzig : W. Engelmann, 1868.




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Die Otitis media neonatorum vom anatomisch-pathologischen Standpunkte : eine auf Grund der Sectionsergebnisse von 80 Kinderleichen entworfene Schilderung / von Robert Wreden.

Berlin : C. Nohring, 1868.




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Die Pathologie der weiblichen Sexual-Organe : in Lichtdruck-Abbildungen, nach der Natur in Originalgrösse, durch anatomische und klinische Erfahrungen erläutert / von F. Winckel.

Leipzig : S. Hirzel, 1881.




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Die pathologische Anatomie des Gehörorganes / bearbeitet von Hermann Steinbrugge.

Berlin : A. Hirschwald, 1891.




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Die pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie des Joh. Bapt. Morgagni (1682-1771) : Ein monographischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der theoretischen Heilkunde / von F. Falk.

Berlin : Hirschwald, 1887.




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Die Pyelonephritis in anatomischer und bakteriologischer Beziehung und die ursächliche Bedeutung des Bacterium coli commune für die Erkrankungen der Harnwege / von Martin B. Schmidt und Ludwig Aschoff.

Jena : G. Fischer, 1893.




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Die Sublimatintoxication : Beitrage zur Geschichte, Klinik und pathologischen Anatomie derselben, nebst experimentellen Untersuchungen zur Theorie ihres Wesens / von E. Kaufmann.

Breslau : W. Koebner, 1888.




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Die Ton- und Stimmapparate der Insecten : in anatomisch-physiologischer und akustischer Beziehung / von H. Landois.

Leipzig : W. Engelmann, 1867.