ida Education Briefing - Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme: Guidance for Employers By www.eversheds.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 1. INTRODUCTION On Friday 20 March 2020, the Chancellor announced a new Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (the Scheme) to help pay peoples wages. Employers will be able to contact HMRC for a grant to cover most of the wages of their workforce who ... Full Article
ida Education briefing - Coronavirus: when can untaken statutory holiday be carried over? By www.eversheds.com Published On :: 2020-04-02 The Working Time (Coronavirus) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 came into force on 26 March 2020. These amend the Working Time Regulations 1998 to create an exemption relating specifically to COVID-19 and holiday leave. Under the Working Time Regulation... Full Article
ida Education briefing: Coronavirus - New Guidance: Government update on the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme By www.eversheds.com Published On :: 2020-04-07 On Friday 20 March 2020, the Chancellor announced a new “Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme” (the Scheme) to help pay people’s wages. See our previous briefings of 23 March and Full Article
ida Education briefing - Coronavirus - Further guidance on Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme By www.eversheds.com Published On :: 2020-04-14 In previous briefings (here and here and Full Article
ida Education briefing: Updated CJRS Guidance and Treasury Direction By www.eversheds.com Published On :: 2020-04-17 Less than a week before the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (the Scheme) is due to go live (currently due to open on 20 April), further significant changes have been published in the form of a Treasury Direction (the Direction), setting out the Full Article
ida GEF Project to be Game-changer for Trinidad Quarries By www.ipsnews.net Published On :: Tue, 31 Mar 2020 10:46:54 +0000 IPS correspondent Jewel Fraser finds out whether a GEF-funded project can really help Trinidad and Tobago quarry companies be environmentally responsible. The post GEF Project to be Game-changer for Trinidad Quarries appeared first on Inter Press Service. Full Article Biodiversity Combating Desertification and Drought Editors' Choice Environment Featured Headlines Latin America & the Caribbean Multimedia Podcast Regional Categories TerraViva United Nations Desertification quarry companies United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
ida Japanese taiga drama ‘Idaten’ goes global with tale of Olympic struggle By www.japantimes.co.jp Published On :: Fri, 01 May 2020 19:00:11 +0900 For the first time ever, Japan's national broadcaster, NHK, will show a condensed version of its famous year-long period drama in English. Full Article Culture television NHK Taiga drama #stayhome idaten japanese drama
ida Keidanren to suggest four-day workweek to reduce virus infection risk By www.japantimes.co.jp Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 22:09:35 +0900 Japan's largest business lobby plans to suggest that member companies introduce a four-day workweek as part of efforts to reduce risks of novel coronavirus infection.A ... Full Article News Keidanren covid-19 covid-19 in Japan
ida Friday’s Featured Sermon: “The Word Became Flesh” By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 13 Dec 2019 00:00:00 PST The gospel of John has never been a prominent part of most Christmas celebrations. It contains no birth story, no manger scene, no shepherds or wise men, and Mary doesn’t appear until Christ’s first miracle—turning water into wine—at the wedding in Cana (John 2:1). We rely on the narratives in Matthew and Luke to piece together the actual events surrounding the Lord’s birth. Yet John’s account is crucial in order to understand the true meaning, significance, and implications of Christ’s entry into this world.READ MORE Full Article
ida Friday’s Featured Sermon: “The Believer’s Gift to Christ” By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 20 Dec 2019 00:00:00 PST Gold, frankincense, and myrrh—those are perhaps the three most famous Christmas gifts ever given, for one historic reason. Matthew 2:11 records their delivery to Christ in His childhood by wise men from the East. And all three gifts have been memorialized by the many nativity scenes featuring them each Christmas. But what about the next time Jesus comes?READ MORE Full Article
ida Friday’s Featured Sermon: “Loving God” By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 06 Mar 2020 00:00:00 PST “All you need to do is love God and love people.” You’ve likely seen words to that effect on church websites, signs, and bulletins. Those words also often show up in social media and personal conversations with other believers. They capture a sentiment that is becoming increasingly popular in churches today: Let’s strip away the complexities of ministry in a modern world and focus on the basic biblical truth of loving God and man. It’s a goal that is clear, simple, and universally agreeable—it won’t generate controversy nor garner criticism. What could possibly be wrong with that? Plenty actually, if the terms aren’t biblically defined.READ MORE Full Article
ida Friday’s Featured Sermon: “Principles for Discernment, Part 1” By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 27 Mar 2020 00:00:00 PST The church is currently awash with lamentations on the state of the Christianity. And there are good reasons for that. We see charlatans extorting people on Christian television. We witness professing believers exchanging hostilities on social media. We hear of endless scandals in the pulpit. And we are constantly confronted by competing theological perspectives. It can all seem so overwhelming. But what if we realized there is one fundamental problem fueling all the others?READ MORE Full Article
ida Friday’s Featured Sermon: “Lessons from the Earthquake” By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 00:00:00 PST Jesus never promised us lives free of tribulation and calamity. Indeed He warned His disciples, “In the world you will have tribulation” (John 16:33, NKJV). The current COVID-19 pandemic that has engendered so much fear and panic is not the first—nor will it be the last—crisis people will experience in this world.READ MORE Full Article
ida Teachers express solidarity as protest for release of Mir Shakil-ur-Rahman continues By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 06:00:00 +0500 PESHAWAR: The media workers of the Jang Group on Friday continued the protest against the arrest of their Editor-in- chief Mir Shakil-ur-Rahman as representatives of the teachers organization visited the camp to express solidarity with journalists.Carrying banners and placards inscribed with... Full Article
ida Coronavirus: Chinese workers in Vietnam cry foul after being fired by Taiwanese firm making shoes for Nike, Adidas By www.scmp.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 18:10:03 +0800 A group of 150 Chinese workers believe the world’s largest maker of trainers used the coronavirus as an excuse to fire them, having helped Taiwanese firm Pou Chen successfully expand its production into Vietnam for more than a decade.Pou Chen, which makes footwear for the likes of Nike and Adidas, informed the group in late April that they would no longer be needed as they were unable to return to Vietnam from their hometowns in China due to the coronavirus lockdowns.“We believe we contributed… Full Article
ida Friday random news clippings By praguemonitor.com Published On :: Prague Daily Monitor Most mountain ranges across the country have received fresh snow. All suspected cases of coronavirus in the country have been tested negative. A young man was convicted of growing marijuana and sentenced to three years in prison. The Prague Monitor is continuing its fundraiser to upgrade its systems. read more Full Article
ida The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Reinvention of the Spirit of Solidarity and Cooperation By www.ipsnews.net Published On :: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 11:29:00 +0000 Manssour Bin Mussallam, is Secretary General-elect of the Organisation of Educational Cooperation (OEC) The post The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Reinvention of the Spirit of Solidarity and Cooperation appeared first on Inter Press Service. Full Article Development & Aid Economy & Trade Education Global Headlines Health Human Rights Humanitarian Emergencies Labour TerraViva United Nations
ida News24.co.ke | 14-year old KPCE candidate dies from suspected botched abortion By www.news24.co.ke Published On :: Fri, 04 Nov 2016 13:45:23 +0200 A 14-year old girl sitting for her Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) in Samburu County died tragically on Wednesday after she complained of stomach cramps. Full Article
ida Why isn't VE Day a public holiday in Germany? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 13:16:52 +0200 1 Full Article
ida Support pours for ABS-CBN as advocates hold online ‘Black Friday’ protest By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 14:22:51 +0000 Online protests were held simultaneously in support of ABS-CBN. The post Support pours for ABS-CBN as advocates hold online ‘Black Friday’ protest appeared first on Bulatlat. Full Article * Latest Posts Media Other Stories #NoToABSCBNShutdown abscbn Black Friday press freedom yestofranchiserenewal
ida Virus-hit Iran holds Friday prayers for first time in months By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 06:00:00 +0500 TEHRAN: Virus-hit Iran allowed worshippers to attend Friday prayers for the first time in more than two months, but the capital remains under restrictions amid the Middle East’s deadliest coronavirus outbreak. Since reporting its first cases in mid-February, the Islamic republic has... Full Article
ida 700,000 credit payment holidays granted By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 06:00:00 +0500 LONDON: Nearly 700,000 payment holidays on credit cards have been granted as part of stop-gap measures to support borrowers whose finances have been affected by the coronavirus.Lenders have also provided almost 470,000 payment freezes on personal loans, according to the figures for the period up... Full Article
ida Trinidad & Tobago's ‘Bike Man’ takes cycling to new heights By globalvoices.org Published On :: Wed, 26 Jun 2019 14:39:36 +0000 Trinidad and Tobago loves its "heights" -- and a skilful cyclist on a homemade bike that reaches 10-12 feet in height does not disappoint. Full Article Caribbean Citizen Media English Trinidad & Tobago Video Weblog
ida IDAHOTB 2020: Bridging the LGBTI Inclusion Data Gap By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-20 00:00:00 The webinar will highlight the important role the MDBs are called to play in closing the SOGI data gap by supporting innovative forms of data generation and evidence-based policymaking in their countries. Full Article Event
ida SHIFTING OF AMMO DUMP AT GURGAON, FARIDABAD By www.indianrealtynews.com Published On :: Thu, 13 Mar 2014 11:09:57 +0000 HC for inclusion of Gurgaon MC Commissioner in panel Tribune News Service Chandigarh, March 11 The Punjab and Haryana High Court today expressed dissatisfaction with the nine-member committee constituted by the Cabinet Secretary for looking into the shifting of the ammunition dump at Gurgaon and Faridabad. Directing the reconstitution of the committee, the Division Bench of Chief Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul and Justice Arun Palli made it clear that it was in favour of including Gurgaon Municipal Commissioner Praveen Kumar’s name in the committee. As the case came up for resumed hearing, counsel for the Union of India Onkar Singh Batalvi placed before the Bench the details of the committee […] Full Article Faridabad Gurgaon
ida Lebanon mosques reopen doors for Friday prayer By www.dailystar.com.lb Published On :: 2020-05-08T14:41:00.0000000 Lebanon’s mosques reopened their doors for Friday prayer as the country gradually scales back its coronavirus containment measures implemented almost two months ago. Full Article Lebanon News
ida Technical Assistance Completion Report Validation Guidelines By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-02-14 00:00:00 This guideline specifies framework for validating technical assistance completion reports (TCRs) to capture lessons learned from completed technical assistance (TA) operations and to improve accountability for achieving results, the quality of completion reports, and the independence of project ratings. Full Article Institutional Document
ida Papua New Guinea: Validation of the Country Partnership Strategy Final Review, 2016–2020 By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-01 00:00:00 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) country partnership strategy (CPS), 2016–2020 for Papua New Guinea (PNG) sought to assist the country in planning and implementing a successful conversion of its resource wealth into inclusive and environmentally sustainable economic growth. ADB’s sovereign program, comprising approved, completed, and ongoing loans, grants, and technical assistance (TA), totaled $2.11 billion during the period 2016 to May 2019. Transport was the sector receiving the largest amount of support (72% of total financing), followed by health (15%), and energy (9%). Full Article Evaluation Document
ida MCHP Updates Q3FY20 Financial Guidance By www.microchip.com Published On :: 12/3/2019 7:00:00 AM MCHP Updates Q3FY20 Financial Guidance Full Article
ida AN3453 - Sensored 3-Phase BLDC Motor Control Using Sinusoidal Drive By www.microchip.com Published On :: 4/27/2020 5:50:59 PM AN3453 - Sensored 3-Phase BLDC Motor Control Using Sinusoidal Drive Full Article
ida Buying a house in Noida becomes costlier affair as land allotment rate goes up By www.indianrealtynews.com Published On :: Tue, 03 Jun 2014 06:53:57 +0000 Buying a house or any residential property in Noida will now be a costlier affair, as the Noida and Yamuna Expressway authorities decided to hike the land allotment rate up to 10-12% at a board meeting on Monday. “We have increased the land allotment rate up to 10% in Noida in all categories, except for commercial properties. Rates of commercial property in Noida will not be increased because we want to correct the rates. “Land allotment rates will be hiked up to 12% in Yamuna expressway area. The rates are unchanged in Greater Noida because they saw an increase in February this year,” said Rama Raman, chairperson of Noida, Greater […] Full Article Greater Noida NCR Noida
ida Noida builders unable to hand over completed homes as National Green Tribunal stops delivery By www.indianrealtynews.com Published On :: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 23:02:54 +0000 NEW DELHI: Builders in Noida are unable to hand over more than 30,000 completed homes to their buyers, because of a National Green Tribunal order forbidding the Noida Authority from giving completion certificates to projects within a 10-kilometre radius of the Okhla bird sanctuary. Developers in Noida say they have in the past seven months since the tribunal’s order lost close to Rs 1,000 crore as they have been holding on the flats, paying interest on their loans as well as penalty to home buyers. “Everyone is bleeding,” said Vineet Gupta, director of the Ajnara group, which has around 1,500 apartments waiting to be handed over to buyers. Projects of […] Full Article Delhi Noida Real Estate Developers Real Estate India
ida Logix group looking to raise Rs 250cr FDI for Noida project By www.indianrealtynews.com Published On :: Mon, 21 Jul 2014 03:05:51 +0000 NEW DELHI: Realty firm Logix group plans to raise Rs 250 crore from foreign investors for the development of its ongoing mixed-use commercial project in Noida. The company is developing this commercial project at an investment of Rs 1,000 crore and is looking to raise FDI to complete this project. The 6-acre project ‘Noida City Center’ includes a 7 lakh sq ft shopping mall, 2.5 lakh sq ft office towers, two hotels with combined 400 rooms and 100 service apartments. “Total project cost of this commercial project is Rs 1,000 crore,” Logix group CMD Shakti Nath said. The investments are largely met through internal accruals, he said, adding that the […] Full Article Noida Real Estate India
ida NBCC to issue tenders to complete eight stuck projects in Noida By www.indianrealtynews.com Published On :: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 19:54:19 +0000 In order to expedite the completion of eight stalled residential projects in Noida and Greater Noida, the National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited (NBCC) would soon issue a tender. The NBCC has plans to float a tender for completing the eight stalled housing projects of Amrapali, which includes over 23,000 residential units in Noida and Greater Noida with a total investment of over Rs 5,000 crore. The decision to issue the tender was made after the directive issued by the Supreme Court (SC) to take over the stalled projects in the region. Last year, the apex court had given the responsibility to State-owned NBCC to complete the delayed projects in NCR at the […] Full Article Noida
ida Frankincense is a holiday favourite, but its future is under threat By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Wed, 18 Dec 2019 18:00:00 +0000 It has been a prized commodity for millennia – but a cocktail of conflict, poverty and burgeoning demand is putting frankincense under pressure Full Article
ida Google announces company holiday on May 22 to stem virus burnout By feeds.reuters.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 18:02:49 -0400 Alphabet Inc's Google said on Friday it has asked employees to take a day off on May 22, to address work-from-home-related burnout during the coronavirus pandemic. Full Article companyNews
ida As U.S. states reopen, White House keeps CDC guidance on the shelf By feeds.reuters.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 20:48:20 -0400 The White House shelved a step-by-step guide prepared by U.S. health officials to help states safely reopen mass transit and businesses closed by the coronavirus pandemic, an administration official said on Thursday. This report produced by Chris Dignam. Full Article
ida Therapy dogs calm stressed out holiday travelers By feeds.reuters.com Published On :: Thu, 24 Dec 2015 12:00:00 -0500 A non-profit organization brings dogs to the Buffalo/Niagra airport to help relieve the stress of holiday traveling. Diane Hodges reports. Full Article
ida As U.S. states reopen, White House keeps CDC guidance on the shelf By www.reuters.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 20:48:20 -0400 The White House shelved a step-by-step guide prepared by U.S. health officials to help states safely reopen mass transit and businesses closed by the coronavirus pandemic, an administration official said on Thursday. This report produced by Chris Dignam. Full Article
ida As U.S. states reopen, White House keeps CDC guidance on the shelf By www.reuters.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 20:48:20 -0400 The White House shelved a step-by-step guide prepared by U.S. health officials to help states safely reopen mass transit and businesses closed by the coronavirus pandemic, an administration official said on Thursday. This report produced by Chris Dignam. Full Article
ida Thyroid Peroxidase Test By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2019 00:00:00 PDT Title: Thyroid Peroxidase TestCategory: Procedures and TestsCreated: 11/18/2001 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/13/2019 12:00:00 AM Full Article
ida Higher Doses of Antidepressants Linked to Suicidal Behavior in Young Patients: Study By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Higher Doses of Antidepressants Linked to Suicidal Behavior in Young Patients: StudyCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/28/2014 4:36:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 4/29/2014 12:00:00 AM Full Article
ida Red Wine Antioxidant Might Help Diabetics' Arteries By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Red Wine Antioxidant Might Help Diabetics' ArteriesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/4/2017 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/5/2017 12:00:00 AM Full Article
ida More Guidance on Inpatient Management of Blood Glucose in COVID-19 By www.webmd.com Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 12:05:04 EST Two new graphics from Diabetes UK's COVID-19 task force address inpatient use of subcutaneous insulin for managing hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis when intravenous equipment is unavailable. Full Article
ida Updated guidance on data deposit and linking in PMC By www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Published On :: Mon, 30 Oct 2017 08:00:00 EST In response to the growing interest in the availability of data associated with articles, PMC is reviewing current practices around data and seeking feedback on how to best serve the data needs of the research community.As part of these efforts, the PMC policy statement on supplementary data was recently updated to more clearly articulate the requirement that any supplementary data (images, tables, video, or other documents / files) that are associated with an article must be deposited in PMC with an article. The search filter "has suppdata[filter]" can be used in PMC to discover records with associated supplementary data files.In addition to providing supplementary data with an article, NLM is also encouraging journals and authors to make research data available in a public repository and include the relevant data citation(s) in the paper. Guidance for PMC data providers on tagging data citations is available in the Tagging Guidelines. This guidance is based on the JATS4R recommendations on data citations.Starting this month, the NIH Manuscript Submission (NIHMS) system will also accept deposits of small datasets accompanying deposits of funded author manuscripts for inclusion of PMC. (Guidance for authors is available in the NIHMS FAQ.)If you have suggestions on future directions in data for PMC to consider, please let us know at pubmedcentral@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Full Article
ida PMC Tagging Guidance for Peer Review Documents Now Available By www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Published On :: Wed, 31 Jul 2019 08:00:00 EST Peer review documents, including review reports and editor decision letters, are increasingly being published along with the articles they review. This practice is intended to make the publishing process more transparent. To support these efforts, PMC’s Tagging Guidelines have been updated to include the tagging of peer review documents. NLM encourages PMC-participating publishers, journals, and data providers to review this guidance. Please contact us at pubmedcentral@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov if you have any questions. Full Article
ida Solosec (secnidazole) By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Solosec (secnidazole)Category: MedicationsCreated: 4/17/2020 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/17/2020 12:00:00 AM Full Article
ida Elucidation of Pelareorep Pharmacodynamics in A Phase I Trial in Patients with KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer By mct.aacrjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T05:39:42-07:00 KRAS mutation is a negative predictive biomarker of anti-EGFR agents in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and remains an elusive target. Pelareorep, a double-stranded RNA virus selectively replicates in KRAS-mutated cells, and is synergistic with irinotecan. A dose escalation trial of FOLFIRI/bevacizumab [irinotecan (150–180 mg/m2) and pelareorep (1 x 1010 TCID50–3 x 1010 TCID50)] was implemented in adult patients with oxaliplatin refractory/intolerant, KRAS-mutant mCRC. Pelareorep was administered intravenously over 1 hour on days 1–5 every 4 weeks. Additional studies included pharmacokinetics, tumor morphology, and immune responses. Among FOLFIRI-naïve patients, the highest dose of FOLFIRI/bevacizumab (180 mg/m2 irinotecan) and pelareorep (3 x 1010 TCID50) was well tolerated, without a dose-limiting toxicity. At the recommended phase II dose, 3 of 6 patients (50%) had a partial response; the median progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS) were 65.6 weeks and 25.1 months, respectively. Toxicities included myelosuppression, fatigue, and diarrhea. Transmission electron microscopy revealed viral factories (viral collections forming vesicular structures), at various stages of development. Immunogold staining against viral capsid -1 protein demonstrated viral "homing" in the tumor cells. The nucleus displayed sufficient euchromatin regions suggestive of active transcription. Flow cytometry revealed rapid dendritic cell maturation (48 hours) with subsequent activation of cytotoxic T cells (7 days). The combination of pelareorep with FOLFIRI/bevacizumab is safe. The PFS and OS data are encouraging and deserve further exploration. Pelareorep leads to a clear recurrent immune stimulatory response with cytotoxic T-cell activation, and homes and replicates in the tumor. Full Article
ida Hepatic monoamine oxidase B is involved in endogenous geranylgeranoic acid synthesis in mammalian liver cells [Research Articles] By www.jlr.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:05:28-07:00 Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) originally was identified in some animals and has been developed as an agent for preventing second primary hepatoma. We previously have also identified GGA as an acyclic diterpenoid in some medicinal herbs. Recently, we reported that in human hepatoma-derived HuH-7 cells, GGA is metabolically labeled from 13C-mevalonate. Several cell-free experiments have demonstrated that GGA is synthesized through geranylgeranial by oxygen-dependent oxidation of geranylgeraniol (GGOH), but the exact biochemical events giving rise to GGA in hepatoma cells remain unclear. Monoamine oxidase B (MOAB) has been suggested to be involved in GGOH oxidation. Here, using two human hepatoma cell lines, we investigated whether MAOB contributes to GGA biosynthesis. Using either HuH-7 cell lysates or recombinant human MAOB, we found that: 1) the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine dose-dependently downregulates endogenous GGA levels in HuH-7 cells; and 2) siRNA-mediated MAOB silencing reduces intracellular GGA levels in HuH-7 and Hep3B cells. Unexpectedly, however, CRISPR/Cas9-generated MAOB-KO human hepatoma Hep3B cells had GGA levels similar to those in MAOB-WT cells. A sensitivity of GGA levels to siRNA-mediated MAOB downregulation was recovered when the MAOB-KO cells were transfected with a MAOB-expression plasmid, suggesting that MAOB is the enzyme primarily responsible for GGOH oxidation and that some other latent metabolic pathways may maintain endogenous GGA levels in the MAOB-KO hepatoma cells. Along with the previous findings, these results provide critical insights into the biological roles of human MAOB and provide evidence that hepatic MAOB is involved in endogenous GGA biosynthesis via GGOH oxidation. Full Article
ida Host and Symbiont Cell Cycle Coordination Is Mediated by Symbiotic State, Nutrition, and Partner Identity in a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis By mbio.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-10T01:30:41-07:00 ABSTRACT The cell cycle is a critical component of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and response to stress, yet its role in the regulation of intracellular symbioses is not well understood. To explore host-symbiont cell cycle coordination in a marine symbiosis, we employed a model for coral-dinoflagellate associations: the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) and its native microalgal photosymbionts (Breviolum minutum and Breviolum psygmophilum). Using fluorescent labeling and spatial point-pattern image analyses to characterize cell population distributions in both partners, we developed protocols that are tailored to the three-dimensional cellular landscape of a symbiotic sea anemone tentacle. Introducing cultured symbiont cells to symbiont-free adult hosts increased overall host cell proliferation rates. The acceleration occurred predominantly in the symbiont-containing gastrodermis near clusters of symbionts but was also observed in symbiont-free epidermal tissue layers, indicating that the presence of symbionts contributes to elevated proliferation rates in the entire host during colonization. Symbiont cell cycle progression differed between cultured algae and those residing within hosts; the endosymbiotic state resulted in increased S-phase but decreased G2/M-phase symbiont populations. These phenotypes and the deceleration of cell cycle progression varied with symbiont identity and host nutritional status. These results demonstrate that host and symbiont cells have substantial and species-specific effects on the proliferation rates of their mutualistic partners. This is the first empirical evidence to support species-specific regulation of the symbiont cell cycle within a single cnidarian-dinoflagellate association; similar regulatory mechanisms likely govern interpartner coordination in other coral-algal symbioses and shape their ecophysiological responses to a changing climate. IMPORTANCE Biomass regulation is critical to the overall health of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses. Despite the central role of the cell cycle in the growth and proliferation of cnidarian host cells and dinoflagellate symbionts, there are few studies that have examined the potential for host-symbiont coregulation. This study provides evidence for the acceleration of host cell proliferation when in local proximity to clusters of symbionts within cnidarian tentacles. The findings suggest that symbionts augment the cell cycle of not only their enveloping host cells but also neighboring cells in the epidermis and gastrodermis. This provides a possible mechanism for rapid colonization of cnidarian tissues. In addition, the cell cycles of symbionts differed depending on nutritional regime, symbiotic state, and species identity. The responses of cell cycle profiles to these different factors implicate a role for species-specific regulation of symbiont cell cycles within host cnidarian tissues. Full Article