up Episode 208: Randy Shoup on Hiring in the Software Industry By www.se-radio.net Published On :: Tue, 26 Aug 2014 17:59:40 +0000 With this episode, Software Engineering Radio begins a series of interviews on social/nontechnical aspects of working as a software engineer as Tobias Kaatz talks to Randy Shoup, former CTO at KIXEYE, about hiring in the software industry. Prior to KIXEYE, Randy worked as director of engineering at Google for the Google App Engine and as […] Full Article
up Episode 212: Randy Shoup on Company Culture By www.se-radio.net Published On :: Wed, 22 Oct 2014 17:51:52 +0000 Tobias Kaatz talks to former Kixeye CTO Randy Shoup about company culture in the software industry in this sequel to the show on hiring in the software industry (Episode 208). Prior to Kixeye, Randy worked as director of engineering at Google for the Google App Engine and as chief engineer and distinguished architect at eBay. […] Full Article
up SE-Radio Episode 355: Randy Shoup Scaling Technology and Organization By traffic.libsyn.com Published On :: Fri, 08 Feb 2019 17:27:20 +0000 Randy Shoup talks with SE-Radio’s Travis Kimmel about how to scale technology and organizations together, so that an organization can move faster as they grow (and not slow down). Their discussion covers how to effectively scale culture, process... Full Article
up Episode 373: Joel Spolsky on Startups Growth, and Valuation By traffic.libsyn.com Published On :: Thu, 18 Jul 2019 20:10:02 +0000 Joel Spolsky on founding Stack Overflow, land grabs vs. bootstrapping with profitability, raising more money using proof points, what developers and companies get massively wrong, choosing your next job, and how to ask and answer on Stack Over Full Article
up Episode 388: Bob Kepford on Decoupled Content Management Systems By traffic.libsyn.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2019 19:06:58 +0000 Bob Kepford discusses Decoupled CMS. Many CMS practitioners are adopting a decoupled approach to improve scale, allow for more specialized roles, and to separate data collection from delivery. Host Jeff Doolittle spoke with Kepford about what makes a Decoupled CMS different. Full Article
up Episode 511: Ant Wilson on Supabase (Postgres as a Service) By se-radio.net Published On :: Tue, 10 May 2022 20:43:17 +0000 Ant Wilson of Supabase discusses building an open source alternative to Firebase with PostgreSQL. SE Radio host Jeremy Jung spoke with Wilson about how Supabase compares to Firebase, building an API layer with postgREST, authentication using GoTrue... Full Article
up Episode 525: Randy Shoup on Evolving Architecture and Organization at eBay By se-radio.net Published On :: Wed, 17 Aug 2022 16:44:29 +0000 Randy Shoup of eBay discusses the evolution of eBay's tech stack. SE Radio host Jeremy Jung speaks with Shoup about eBay's origins as a single C++ class with an Oracle database, a five-year migration to multiple Java services, sharing a database... Full Article
up Episode 535: Dan Lorenc on Supply Chain Attacks By se-radio.net Published On :: Tue, 25 Oct 2022 23:54:00 +0000 Dan Lorenc, CEO of Chainguard, a software supply chain security company, joins SE Radio editor Robert Blumen to talk about software supply chain attacks. They start with a review of software supply chain basics; how outputs become inputs of someone... Full Article
up Episode 541: Jordan Harband and Donald Fischer on Securing the Supply Chain By se-radio.net Published On :: Wed, 07 Dec 2022 23:02:09 +0000 Open source developers Jordan Harband and Donald Fischer join host Robert Blumen for a conversation about securing the software supply chain, especially open source. They start by reviewing supply chain security concepts, particularly as related to open.. Full Article
up Episode 551: Vidal Graupera on Manager 1-1 with Direct Reports By se-radio.net Published On :: Wed, 15 Feb 2023 20:51:00 +0000 Vidal Graupera, an Engineering Manager at LinkedIn, speaks with SE Radio’s Brijesh Ammanath about the importance of managers' one-on-one meetings with direct reports. They start by considering how a 1:1 meeting differs from other meetings... Full Article
up SE Radio 555: On Freund on Upskilling By se-radio.net Published On :: Wed, 15 Mar 2023 23:23:00 +0000 On Freund, founder of Wilco and former VP of Engineering at WeWork, speaks with SE Radio’s Brijesh Ammanath about “upskilling” – going deeper or increasing the breadth of your skills. On has years of experience in helping developers master the skills needed to advance in their careers. This episode explores the importance of upskilling in a constantly evolving tech landscape. They focus particularly on how and why senior and expert developers should keep learning, upskilling, and reskilling throughout their careers. Freund offers suggestions on how to face some common challenges, especially for remote or distributed workers, and how and why engineering managers can help enable upskilling for their teams. Full Article
up SE Radio 579: Arun Gupta on Open Source Strategy and Community By se-radio.net Published On :: Fri, 01 Sep 2023 00:43:00 +0000 Arun Gupta, Vice President and General Manager of Open Ecosystem Initiatives at Intel Corporation, discusses open-source strategy and community with SE Radio host Kanchan Shringi. They explore the business case and business model for why and how big tech participates in the open-source ecosystem. Arun describes ways to foster a culture of engagement with open source within companies such as Intel, Amazon, and Apple. They then consider how the principles can be applied to closed-source software within a company. Finally, they discuss some of the benefits that Intel has gained from more than 20 years of open source contributions and look at the company’s plan for the year ahead. SE Radio is rought to you by IEEE Software magazine and IEEE Computer Society. Full Article
up SE Radio 590: Andy Suderman on Standing Up Kubernetes By se-radio.net Published On :: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 20:26:00 +0000 Andy Suderman, CTO of Fairwinds, joins host Robert Blumen to talk about standing up a kubernetes cluster. Their discussion covers build-your-own versus managed clusters provided by cloud services, and how to determine the number of kubernetes clusters an organization needs. Andy describes best practices for automating cluster provisioning, and offers recommendations about customizations and opinionation of cloud service providers, choice of container registry, and whether you should run complementary services such as CI and monitoring on the same cluster. The episode also examines the day 0/day 1/day 2 lifecycle, cluster auto-scaling at the cloud service level, integrating stateful services and other cloud services into your cluster, and kubernetes secrets and alternatives. Finally, they consider the container-network interface (CNI), ingress and load balancers, and provisioning external DNS and TLS certificates for cluster services. Full Article
up SE Radio 606: Charlie Jones on Third-Party Software Supply Chain Risks By se-radio.net Published On :: Thu, 07 Mar 2024 22:57:00 +0000 Charlie Jones, Director of Product Management at ReversingLabs and subject matter expert in supply chain security, joins host Priyanka Raghavan to discuss tackling third-party software risks. They begin by defining different types of third-party software risks and then take a deep dive into case studies where third-party components and software have had cascading effects on downstream systems. They consider some frameworks for secure software development that can be used to evaluate third-party software and components – both as a publisher or as a consumer – and end by discussing laws and regulations with final advise from Charlie on how enterprises can tackle third-party software risks. Brought to you by IEEE Computer Society and IEEE Software magazine. This episode is sponsored by WorkOS. Full Article
up Plant up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Thu, 07 Oct 2021 10:43:56 +0000 Fill an area with plants or seeds Full Article
up Pick up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 12:31:56 +0000 To lift something or someone Full Article
up Set up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 12:35:24 +0000 To arrange or establish something. Full Article
up Turn up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 13:32:10 +0000 To arrive unexpectedly. Full Article
up Zip up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 13:36:19 +0000 To close a zip fastener, such as on a jacket or a bag. Full Article
up Palit GeForce RTX 2080 Super Gaming Pro OC By www.pcstats.com Published On :: Fri, 06 Mar 2020 15:09:35 Palit's RTX 2080 Super Gaming Pro OC is a new variant with a triple-slot, triple-fan cooler, to replace their dual-fan designs. It delivers solid temperatures and noise levels. At $720, the card is priced very reasonably, yet includes a factory overclock, idle-fan-stop, and backplate.... [PCSTATS] Full Article Video Cards
up AMD 5nm Zen 4 EPYC CPUs And Radeon Instinct GPUs To Power El Capitan Supercomput By www.pcstats.com Published On :: Fri, 06 Mar 2020 15:37:18 AMD just announced today a design win in conjunction with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE), win which it will be providing the hardware powering the El Capitan exascale-class supercomputer. What caught our eye about this announcement was not the compute performance -- which will be enormous ... [PCSTATS] Full Article CPU / Processors
up NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER FE Overclocking By www.pcstats.com Published On :: Wed, 11 Mar 2020 09:01:00 Want to know the kind of performance you will see at 1440p on an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER FE when it is overclocked? Check out our gaming review.... [PCSTATS] Full Article Video Cards
up Galax GeForce RTX 2070 Super HOF 10 Year Anniversary By www.pcstats.com Published On :: Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:41:29 The Galax RTX 2070 Super HOF 10 Year comes with a large overclock on both GPU and memory, it's actually the fastest RTX 2070 we ever tested, almost matching RTX 2080. Thanks to a large power limit increase and 16 Gbps memory chips from Samsung, manual overclocking works great, too.... [PCSTATS] Full Article Video Cards
up Yahoo Groups Dropped RSS Feed Support By www.rssboard.org Published On :: Thu, 06 Mar 2014 15:47:26 -0500 The RSS feeds of the RSS-Public and RSS-Board mailing lists are no longer available. Yahoo Groups used to offer feeds for each of its public lists, but Yahoo dropped support last year. A member of the service's product team said the feature was retired in July 2013.To read the lists and subscribe to receive them in email, visit the Yahoo Groups pages for RSS-Public and RSS-Board.We may move the lists to Google Groups, which does offer RSS feeds for each group. Full Article announcements
up RSS Enclosure Support in WordPress By www.rssboard.org Published On :: Thu, 22 Jun 2023 21:44:06 -0400 One of the biggest challenges for a software developer implementing the RSS 2.0 specification is the issue of enclosures in a feed item. The specification is infamously unclear on whether an item allows one enclosure or multiple enclosures.The RSS Advisory Board worked on the RSS Best Practices Profile for nearly two years, investigating a lot of RSS readers and feed producers to see how they handled issues like this. We ultimately made the following recommendation for enclosure:Support for the enclosure element in RSS software varies significantly because of disagreement over whether the specification permits more than one enclosure per item. Although the author intended to permit no more than one enclosure in each item, this limit is not explicit in the specification.Blogware, Movable Type and WordPress enable publishers to include multiple enclosures in each item of their RSS documents. This works successfully in some aggregators, including BottomFeeder, FeederReader, NewsGator and Safari.Other software does not support multiple enclosures, including Bloglines, FeedDemon, Google Reader and Microsoft Internet Explorer 7. The first enclosure is downloaded automatically, an aspect of enclosure support relied on in podcasting, and the additional enclosures are either ignored or must be requested manually.For best support in the widest number of aggregators, an item SHOULD NOT contain more than one enclosure.Because the profile was completed in 2007, it would be useful to see how current software handles RSS enclosures to evaluate whether any recommendations should be reconsidered. To start this effort the current WordPress was tested, since that massively successful platform publishes 60 million RSS feeds. WordPress enables audio files to be added to a blog post using the Audio icon in the block editor:When three audio files were added to a blog post in WordPress, the item in the RSS feed contained three enclosure elements:<enclosure url="http://example.com/Fanfare60.wav" length="2646044" type="audio/wav" /><enclosure url="http://example.com/CantinaBand60.wav" length="2646044" type="audio/wav" /><enclosure url="http://example.com/ImperialMarch60.wav" length="2646044" type="audio/wav" />Follow this blog for more updates on enclosure usage in feeds and feed readers.As you probably guessed, we have an RSS feed. Full Article announcements
up RSS Enclosure Support in Micro.Blog By www.rssboard.org Published On :: Sun, 02 Jul 2023 23:35:33 -0400 An effort is underway to examine how feed publishers and feed consumers are handling the lack of clarity in the RSS 2.0 specification about whether an item can contain more than one enclosure. The RSS Best Practices Profile recommends that a feed item should contain no more than one enclosure "for best support in the widest number of aggregators," advice worth testing against current usage.The artisanal small-batch blogging service Micro.blog is a platform for sharing short posts like Twitter, but in a way designed to be less viral, more low key and less prone to provocation, attention seeking and clout chasing. There are no follower counts, public likes or trending topics. Founder Manton Reese explained why in his book Indie Microblogging:Big social networks like Instagram are designed to amplify accounts that gain traction, whether they are fake or not.Micro.blog limits search and avoids public likes and reposts so that the snowball starts small and stays small. Instead of going viral and becoming a major problem, fake accounts can be spotted early and shut down if necessary.Since being funded by a Kickstarter campaign in 2017 that hit its goal in one day, Micro.blog has attracted a dedicated following. One of the options available to premium subscribers is to host a podcast. An audio button appears below the post editing window to choose a media file.Choosing a podcast file to add to a postMicro.blog sites have a primary RSS feed and a separate podcast feed. The latter contains enclosure elements. Because the Micro.blog editing window does not allow more than one podcast to be added to a post, the RSS item for a post contains only one enclosure:<item> <title>RSS Enclosure Test</title> <link>https://rcade.micro.blog/2023/07/02/rss-enclosure-test.html</link> <pubDate>Sun, 02 Jul 2023 21:39:52 -0400</pubDate> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rcade.micro.blog/2023/07/02/rss-enclosure-test.html</guid> <description><p>I’m trying out Micro.blog’s support for podcasting to see how it handles enclosures in RSS feeds. This MP3 was released by David Byrne under Creative Commons Sampling Plus:</p> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/sampling+/1.0/.">creativecommons.org/licenses/…</a></p> <audio controls="controls" src="https://cdn.uploads.micro.blog/67258/2023/my-fair-lady-david-byrne.mp3" preload="metadata"> </description> <itunes:subtitle><p>I’m trying out Micro.blog’s support for podcasting to see how it handles enclosures in RSS feeds. This MP3 was released by David Byrne under Creative Commons Sampling Plus:</p> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/sampling+/1.0/.">creativecommons.org/licenses/…</a></p> <audio controls="controls" src="https://cdn.uploads.micro.blog/67258/2023/my-fair-lady-david-byrne.mp3" preload="metadata"> </itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary><p>I’m trying out Micro.blog’s support for podcasting to see how it handles enclosures in RSS feeds. This MP3 was released by David Byrne under Creative Commons Sampling Plus:</p> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/sampling+/1.0/.">creativecommons.org/licenses/…</a></p> <audio controls="controls" src="https://cdn.uploads.micro.blog/67258/2023/my-fair-lady-david-byrne.mp3" preload="metadata"> </itunes:summary> <enclosure url="https://rcade.micro.blog/uploads/2023/my-fair-lady-david-byrne.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3394751"/> <itunes:duration>212</itunes:duration></item>Micro.blog's commitment to being small extends to podcasts, where its Wavelength app for iPhone can be used to record, edit and publish a short-form podcast. Full Article announcements
up Disrupting the DNC for Palestine By www.yesmagazine.org Published On :: Wed, 28 Aug 2024 23:13:32 +0000 Breaking the DNC blackout on Gaza, Codepink's Jodie Evans joined other activists working to keep Palestinians on the Democratic Party’s radar. Full Article Democracy Genocide YES! Presents: Rising Up with Sonali Election 2024 Tim Walz Democratic National Convention DNC Kamala Harris Israel Palestine Gaza
up Can the FTC Break Up Amazon’s Monopoly? By www.yesmagazine.org Published On :: Wed, 04 Oct 2023 17:20:36 +0000 The FTC thinks Amazon hurts small businesses and consumers. Ron Knox of The Institute for Local Self-Reliance agrees. Full Article Economy Consumerism Monopolies Lina Khan YES! Presents: Rising Up with Sonali Rising Up with Sonali FTC
up How to Defeat “Wealth Supremacy” and Build a Democratic Economy By www.yesmagazine.org Published On :: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 15:00:00 +0000 Marjorie Kelly's new book critiques the U.S. economy's embrace of "wealth supremacy," and explores alternate models of democratic economies. Full Article Economy Wealth Inequality YES! Presents: Rising Up with Sonali Marjorie Kelly
up Breaking Up With Capitalism By www.yesmagazine.org Published On :: Tue, 07 May 2024 19:09:31 +0000 A paradigm shift for our economy begins when we name and see the anti-democratic bias that lies at the heart of our capital-centric system. Full Article Economy Wealth and inequality Democracy Capitalism Wealth Inequality
up Can the DOJ Break Up Live Nation’s Monopoly? By www.yesmagazine.org Published On :: Thu, 30 May 2024 19:31:10 +0000 A new DOJ lawsuit is challenging Live Nation and Ticketmaster’s monopoly power over artist performances, venues, and concert-goers. Full Article Economy Wealth and inequality Department of Justice YES! Presents: Rising Up with Sonali Live Nation
up What $500 a Month Freed Up for Families By www.yesmagazine.org Published On :: Fri, 31 May 2024 18:49:05 +0000 Participants in a Massachusetts guaranteed income pilot said the program provided them a financial cushion and increased time and bandwidth for parenting. Full Article Wealth and inequality Economy Local economies Affordable housing Progress 2025 Massachusetts Parenting Universal Basic Income Guaranteed Income stipend UBI Progress 2025: Labor and Capital
up Murmurations: From Rupture to Repair By www.yesmagazine.org Published On :: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 19:09:21 +0000 Now more than ever, we must learn ways to make ourselves—and each other—whole in the aftermath of rupture. Full Article Empathy Health & Happiness Mental health Murmurations Forgiveness Repair Rupture Healing
up Clean-up continues in Spain after shock floods cause chaos By www.bbc.com Published On :: Fri, 01 Nov 2024 08:03:39 GMT Families have had to leave their homes and emergency services are helping people as they deal with the impact of the worst flooding in the country for many years. Full Article
up Surf's up! First look at Scotland's new inland surf resort By www.bbc.com Published On :: Thu, 07 Nov 2024 13:41:49 GMT The largest and most advanced wave pool is opening in Scotland giving surfers the chance to ride the waves no matter what the weather. Full Article
up Pesto the giant fluffy penguin is growing up! By www.bbc.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 13:13:07 GMT Do you remember Pesto the king penguin chick who reached stardom in September? Zookeepers say he is now entering his "awkward teenage phase". Full Article
up Once Upon A School - TED Prize Winner By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Mon, 21 Apr 2008 21:27:00 +0000 I recently watched an inspiring talk given as part of the TED 2008 conference by Dave Eggers, a philanthropist and teacher-at-large (as they describe him). The talk shows ways in which dedicated one-to-one teaching can be provided to pupils who would not normally have access to this sort of personal tuition. What's more, the students seem to lap it up. The successful and growing network of professionals volunteering their time to shine their light on local students of all ages is only part of the story. His novel approach to teaching and the way he makes learning fun should be an inspiration to all of us. As Time puts it: "Many writers, having written a first best-seller, might see it as a nice way to start a career. He started a movement instead." Full Article General Topics Speaking Out Teacher Articles teaching TED
up ESL World Cup links By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Thu, 10 Jun 2010 05:27:01 +0000 Here are some links to ESL sites and lesson plans, etc, related to the World Cup. Full Article Lesson Plans & Handouts
up Daily Warm-Up 4 for Gr. 5 & 6: Numbers and Numeration By www.teachervision.com Published On :: 2016-12-31T08:00 Use this printable math daily warm-up to reinforce your students' number and numeration skills. Full Article
up Daily Warm-Up 34 for Gr. 3 & 4: American History By www.teachervision.com Published On :: 2016-12-31T08:00 Help students master important reading skills with a passage about the Pony Express and reading comprehension questions, in this printable warm-up. Full Article
up GE to sell part of its nuclear business to EDF, which aims to ramp up construction By www.power-eng.com Published On :: Thu, 10 Feb 2022 20:59:57 +0000 GE and EDF signed an exclusive agreement for EDF to acquire part of GE Steam Power’s nuclear power business. Full Article News Nuclear Reactors EDF General Electric
up The magic that isolation transformer uses to suppress transients and noise By electrical-engineering-portal.com Published On :: Wed, 21 Jul 2021 07:25:00 +0000 Transformers are not perfect. Transients and noise (radio-frequency and low-level spikes) normally pass through transformers, not only by way of the magnetic lines of flux between the primary and the secondary windings but through resistive and capacitive paths between the... Read more The post The magic that isolation transformer uses to suppress transients and noise appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal. Full Article Energy and Power Power Quality Transformers autotransformer electrostatic shield isolation transformer noise attenuation noise signals power supply primary windings secondary windings shielding tap-changing voltage regulator transformer coil transients Variable ratio voltage regulator variable voltage transformer
up Groups of three in pairwork activities By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Sun, 09 Jun 2024 21:42:51 +0000 New Articles Entry: 'Groups of three in pairwork activities' has just been added to the Articles area of UsingEnglish.com. Full Article
up Pick up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 11:31:56 +0000 New Phrasal Verbs Entry: 'Pick up' has just been added to the Phrasal Verbs area of UsingEnglish.com. Full Article
up Set up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 11:35:24 +0000 New Phrasal Verbs Entry: 'Set up' has just been added to the Phrasal Verbs area of UsingEnglish.com. Full Article
up Turn up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 12:32:10 +0000 New Phrasal Verbs Entry: 'Turn up' has just been added to the Phrasal Verbs area of UsingEnglish.com. Full Article
up Zip up By www.usingenglish.com Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2024 12:36:19 +0000 New Phrasal Verbs Entry: 'Zip up' has just been added to the Phrasal Verbs area of UsingEnglish.com. Full Article
up Parallel switching phenomenon when MV/HV circuit breakers interrupt a shared fault current By electrical-engineering-portal.com Published On :: Mon, 07 Jun 2021 06:39:24 +0000 Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. Ideally, all of the circuit-breakers should... Read more The post Parallel switching phenomenon when MV/HV circuit breakers interrupt a shared fault current appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal. Full Article High Voltage Medium Voltage Transmission and Distribution air-blast circuit breaker arc voltage arc voltages circuit breakers fault current local impedances oil circuit breaker parallel switching sf6 circuit breaker shared fault current switching vacuum circuit breakers
up Design issues in HV busbar protection systems (substation topology and DC power supply) By electrical-engineering-portal.com Published On :: Mon, 27 Sep 2021 07:29:59 +0000 This technical article discusses criteria and requirements for designing protection systems for busbars in HV/EHV networks. One of the most critical requirements is reliable busbar relay protection to assure power system integrity during fault conditions. This requirement is further emphasized because... Read more The post Design issues in HV busbar protection systems (substation topology and DC power supply) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal. Full Article High Voltage Power Substation Protection Transmission and Distribution backup protection batteries bbp bus coupler busbar fault busbar protection busbar protection design busbar protection relay circuit breaker dc power supply double busbar fault clearance feeders numerical centralized arrangement protection zone single busbar substation topology transfer bus trip circuits triple busbar
up The loop electrical distribution system used to supply bulk loads (industrial plants and buildings) By electrical-engineering-portal.com Published On :: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 06:36:54 +0000 First, let’s say a word or two about the essentials of power distribution systems for our young electrical engineers. An electric distribution system, or distribution plant as it is sometimes called, is all of that part of an electric power... Read more The post The loop electrical distribution system used to supply bulk loads (industrial plants and buildings) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal. Full Article Power Substation Protection Transformers Transmission and Distribution distribution substations distribution transformers electrical distribution system fuses loads loop distribution system loop electrical distribution system loop primary feeder pilot-wire relaying primary feeders secondary circuits secondary substation sectionalizing breaker sectionalizing switches sub-transmission circuits supply bulk loads