RADIOACTIVE (12A)

Stand-up Romesh Ranganathan is back with a second series of topical comedy show The Ranganation. He talks to Sherna Noah about filming the show in lockdown, the place of comedy in a crisis, and spending so much time with his family.

SOMETIMES, for a giggle, I like to imagine what Scotland would have been like had we kept the oil for ourselves. Like Saudi Arabia without the weather and executions, maybe? Or more like canny Norway, investing the cash in a big brolly for some future rainy day?

It is true, as the Education Secretary John Swinney said this week, that it “takes time” to implement reforms in education, and natural that, since the effects must be seen as a cohort of students moves through the various stages, any improvement will take a while to evaluate.

THE primary and ultimate responsibility for the parlous state of the high street lies with its customers, or former customers, since we are increasingly giving our custom to online retailers instead.

AMID the terrible personal losses and hardships provoked by the coronavirus crisis, and its huge impact on the global economy and the lives and welfare of even those not directly touched by the disease, there are some small consolations.

IN THE five days since Scotland and the rest of the UK effectively went into lockdown, it is heartening to see the ways in which the vast majority of the population has responded, not merely with compliance and resilience, but with a community spirit and a great many acts of personal service and sacrifice.

THE Government’s ambition to reach a daily target of 100,000 tests across the UK by the end of the month will, as Matt Hancock admitted, require a “huge amount of work”.

When the Coronavirus Health Protection Regulations were introduced by the UK’s governments on March 26 (two days later, in Northern Ireland), they included the provision that they be reviewed after 21 days, a deadline now approaching.

AS expected, the UK and Scottish governments have decided, after the first three weeks of restrictions to contain the spread of coronavirus, that they should remain in place. Strictly speaking, that is not an extension, but the default position; the legislation allows for the lockdown to continue for six months (when it must then be renewed by the parliaments). Interim reviews are to see whether the circumstances allow for relaxation, or indeed, require tightening of the measures.

As Westminster’s Health Secretary, Matt Hancock, pointed out yesterday – and as the First Minister readily agreed – Nicola Sturgeon’s comments on the likely steps to be taken in easing lockdown are hardly out of line with the UK government’ s approach to the coronavirus emergency.

WE should be wary of comparing the crisis of war with the crisis of coronavirus, but the 75th anniversary of VE Day is a reminder of what a national emergency can do to a leader. It can reveal their weaknesses and end their career, or it can highlight the qualities and skills that are needed in a time of trouble.

Youth violence and alcohol misuse are a preventable public health problem. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of brief interventions in the emergency department (ED) in reducing alcohol misuse and related consequences among older adolescents and adults.

This study supports the efficacy of brief interventions in the ED in reducing peer aggression and victimization 12 months after ED visit. The previous reductions in alcohol consequences noted at 6 months follow-up were not sustained at 12 months. (Read the full article)

Children with specific language impairment are at risk for social difficulties. However, whether this occurs adaptively as a result of language impairment or occurs as a result of an underlying deficit in social cognition remains unclear.

We used eye tracking to explore how children with specific language impairment view social scenes. The overall gaze behavior resembled that of typically developing children. Significant attention to the speaker’s mouth may result in receiving less social-emotional information from the eyes. (Read the full article)

Various studies have documented marked racial/ethnic disparities in children’s receipt of dental services at single time points or brief periods.

This study reveals significant improvements in children’s receipt of dental care overall, as well as a dramatic narrowing of African American/white disparities in children’s receipt of dental services over the last 40 years in the United States. (Read the full article)

Critics argue that pediatric research without the potential for clinical benefit treats children as mere means to benefit others. Yet, there are no data to assess whether adolescents who participate in research, or their parents, agree with this view.

Respondents felt that by participating in research the adolescents were making important contributions to help others, and the adolescents felt proud to be doing so. These findings support the view that nonbeneficial pediatric research involves a type of charitable activity. (Read the full article)

Childhood headache is a common medical condition and can negatively impact a child’s social and academic life in several ways. Early and accurate diagnoses of headache syndromes, including migraine, are essential to appropriate treatment and outcome for affected youth.

The Diagnostic Interview of Headache Syndromes–Child Version is a new tool for the assessment of pediatric migraine that can enhance the standardization of collection of diagnostic criteria in both clinical and community settings, leading to better recognition and treatment of this condition. (Read the full article)

Many studies have identified an association between television viewing and antisocial behavior, although very few have been able to demonstrate a cause-and-effect sequence. The issue of whether excessive television viewing contributes to antisocial behavior remains controversial.

Excessive television viewing during childhood and adolescence was associated with objective and subjective measures of antisocial behavior in adulthood. These associations were not explained by preexisting antisocial tendencies or other potential confounders. Excessive television appears to have long-term psychosocial consequences. (Read the full article)

Infants with birth defects are more likely to be born preterm or with low birth weight and are at higher risk of death.

This study describes the prevalence of birth defects in a cohort of very low birth weight infants and evaluates in-hospital surgical procedures, morbidity, and mortality. (Read the full article)

Many children exceed the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation to limit non-educational screen media to < 2 hours per day. The household media environment shapes children's television viewing (TVV), and heavy screen time is associated with poor health outcomes.

Parent TVV is a stronger predictor of child TVV than traditional media "access" and "rules" variables regardless of child age. This research highlights an important factor of child TVV that has been underemphasized in most studies and outreach efforts. (Read the full article)

Cross-sectional estimates suggest that one-third of children are enrolled in Medicaid or other public insurance programs. The percentage of children enrolled in Medicaid at any point during childhood, and which children use Medicaid as a longer-term insurance source, is unknown.

Over a 5-year period, 41% of children were enrolled in Medicaid at some point. Of those children, 51.5% were enrolled during all 5 years. Children with sociodemographic risk factors are more often enrolled for longer periods of childhood. (Read the full article)

Obesity and overweight can seriously affect health outcomes. Many obesity prevention interventions have been proposed, but few have been effective. Motivational interviewing in primary care seems promising, but results in BMI control are controversial and require further investigation.

This is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of pediatrician-led motivational interviewing for BMI control in overweight children aged 4 to 7 years. Nevertheless, no effect was observed in boys or when the mother’s education level was low. (Read the full article)

Inadequate sleep in childhood is associated with poor mental and physical health. Numerous cross-sectional studies reveal associations between television viewing and the presence of a bedroom TV and inadequate sleep in older children and adolescents, but longitudinal research is limited.

More TV viewing, and, among racial/ethnic minority children, bedroom TV, were associated with shorter sleep from infancy to midchildhood. These results raise the possibility that interventions to reduce TV could improve children’s sleep. (Read the full article)

A previous study suggested that spine and pelvis views may be omitted from the follow-up skeletal survey protocol for suspected child abuse, when these views are normal on the initial skeletal survey, without limiting the sensitivity of the study.

This multicenter study provides estimates of the risk of missing occult fractures in the evaluation of suspected child abuse with omission of spine and pelvis views from the follow-up skeletal survey protocol. Results may be used to update practice recommendations. (Read the full article)

Motivational interviewing (MI) has been found to increase the effectiveness of weight loss programs in obese children and adolescents. Although parental involvement seems to be linked to its effectiveness, strong conclusions cannot be drawn.

The present study found that MI with parental involvement is an effective strategy in changing obesity-related outcomes and has additional effects beyond MI with adolescents only. These findings are important when administering MI interventions in school settings. (Read the full article)

Childhood obesity rates in the United States remain at historic highs. The pediatric primary care office represents an important, underutilized source of intervention. There is a need to test the efficacy of motivational interviewing for pediatric obesity in primary care.

This is among the first large-scale randomized trials to show significant reductions in BMI and that motivational interviewing, delivered by trained providers in the primary care setting, can be an important and feasible part of addressing childhood obesity. (Read the full article)

Gastrostomy tube placement is a difficult decision for families of children with neurologic impairment. Better understanding the impact of these tubes on the lives of children and families will help improve decision-making and support from health care providers.

Gastrostomy tube placement has broad-reaching implications for children and their families. There are physical, emotional, and relational challenges and benefits for the child, the parents, and the family unit. Exploring potential outcomes with families may improve decision-making conversations and support. (Read the full article)

A Fin24 reader currently under debt wants to know how lockdown will affect his monthly debt repayment order.

Adolescents show mixed opinions over gender equality in recent survey.

An inside look (and listen) at a recent conversation Tom had with David Michael Slater about his new book, We're Doing It Wrong: 25 Ideas in Education That Just Don't Work--And How to Fix Them. In the book, Slater exposes some bad assumptions and makes the case for how good ideas have gone bad. Lis

As editor Wilhelm Crous puts it, "We haven't seen this movie before."

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lies behind the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in the virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies. However, no anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug or vaccine has been officially approved due to the absence of adequate evidence. Scientists are racing towards the development of treatment for COVID-19. Recent studies have revealed many attractive threptic options, even if some of them remain to be further confirmed in rigorous preclinical models and clinical trials. In this minireview, we aim to summarize the updated potential approaches against SARS-CoV-2. We emphasize that further efforts are warranted to develop the safest and most effective approach.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Monotherapy with first-line antimicrobials such as vancomycin (VAN; glycopeptide) and daptomycin (DAP; lipopeptide) are inadequate in some cases due to reduced antibiotic susceptibilities or therapeutic failure. In recent years, β-lactam antibiotics have emerged as a potential option for combination therapy with VAN/DAP that may meet an unmet therapeutic need for MRSA BSI. Ceftaroline (CPT), the only commercially available β-lactam in the United States with intrinsic in vitro activity against MRSA, has been increasingly studied in the setting of VAN and DAP failures. Novel combinations of first-line agents (VAN and DAP) with β-lactams have been the subject of many recent investigations due to in vitro findings such as the "see-saw effect", where β-lactam susceptibility may be improved in the presence of decreased glycopeptide and lipopeptide susceptibility. The combination of CPT and DAP, in particular, has become the focus of many scientific evaluations, due to intrinsic anti-MRSA activities and potent in vitro synergistic activity against various MRSA strains. This article reviews the available literature describing these innovative therapeutic approaches for MRSA BSI, focusing on preclinical and clinical studies, and evaluates the potential benefits and limitations of each strategy.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has grown to become a major burden on healthcare systems. The cumulation of limited therapeutic options and worsened patient outcomes with persistent MRSA bacteremia has driven research in optimizing its initial management. The guidelines published by the Infectious Disease of America currently recommend combination therapy for refractory MRSA bacteremia, but the utility of combining antibiotics from the start of therapy is under investigation. The alternative strategy of early use of a β-lactam antibiotics in combination with vancomycin upon initial MRSA bacteremia detection has shown promise. While this concept has gained international attention, providers should give this strategy serious consideration prior to implementation. The objective of this review is to examine retrospective and prospective evidence for early combination with vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics, as well as explore potential consequences of combination therapy.

From blended learning to computerized testing, digital and online technologies are reshaping the classroom experience for millions of students.

Don’t like to wait for programs to boot up when you’re looking for a specific document? With the right tools, you can preview a variety of files in Windows 10 without opening their applications.

Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren's education plan landed on Monday, and among other consequences, it led to a conversation about her past statements addressing "vouchers."

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ARTICLES

With the tournament approaching its semi-final stage, the players give an insight into the lessons learned from playing in the heightened circumstances of a U19 EURO.

The National Council on Teacher Quality has found that the number of elementary programs teaching scientifically based reading instruction is increasing.

The National Council on Teacher Quality has found that the number of elementary programs teaching scientifically based reading instruction is increasing.

Some said it would devastate working relationships between teachers. It hasn't. Others hoped it would dramatically raise student performance. Not so far.

When was the last time you opened these Windows apps?

Thaddeus Lorenz, senior in information science and technology, wasn’t always sure what his academic path would be. After starting at Penn State in the Division of Undergraduate Studies, he took some classes centered on one of his passions: coding. Then, he decided to make it more than just a passion.

The Infinite

Louisiana and New Hampshire are among the handful of states that have stepped up to experiment with crafting new student assessments under the Every Student Succeeds Act.

Are you connected to Wi-Fi on one device, but need the password to log in on another one? Here's how to find Wi-Fi passwords in Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android.

Members of EURO2016.com's crack reporting team in France named their highlights of the past month, including their favourite match, moment and song.

UEFA EURO 2016 dominated the UEFA.com landscape for much of the year, but how much do you remember? Allow us to recap the headline news from a memorable summer in France.