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Prolonging exciton diffusion length via manipulating molecular stacking enables pseudo-planar heterojunction organic solar cells over 19% efficiency

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA00594E, Paper
Wang Ke, Fuwen Zhao, Yufan Zhu, Yi He, Zesheng Liu, Xiao Han, Qi Ai, Xingxing Shen, Bao Li, Jianqi Zhang, Yuze Lin, Chun-Ru Wang, Dan He
The limited exciton diffusion length (LD) of organic semiconductors constraints exciton dissociation in pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs), which is deemed as the bottleneck issue hampering the further...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Going to extreme lengths for the sake of the gospel

The Mena Travelling Team has their first outreach, travelling throughout the MENA region and doing whatever it takes to share the Gospel with the unreached.




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Google Offers New Insights in Lengthy Interview?

Welcome back to another episode of the Niche Pursuits News Podcast! This week Jared and guest host Morgan Overholt take on the latest SEO news and break it down for listeners. They also share the side hustles they've been working…

The post Google Offers New Insights in Lengthy Interview? appeared first on Niche Pursuits.




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Keeping God at Arm's Length (Luke 18:18-27)

Jesus is given various titles in the New Testament: Teacher, Master, Lord and others. Fr Tom reminds us that, as Orthodox Christians, we must strive to approach God for not only who He really is, but who we really are too. (Thirty-first Sunday after Pentecost)




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Finger Length, Digit Ratio and Gender Differences in Sensation Seeking and Internet Self-Efficacy




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PSA PA-15 Nitride Rifle-Length 5.56 NATO Classic AR-15 Rifle $579.99 FREE S&H

PSA Classic 5.56 AR15 Rifle with Carry Handle at the lowest price this year. Now, just $579.99 with FREE shipping to your FFL.




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Russia’s $20 Decillion Fine Against Google: Are We Counting Planck Lengths Now?

Move over, Dr. Evil; Russia has just hit Google with a fine that would make even him laugh maniacally. That’s right: a whopping $20 decillion! For context, that’s $20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. It’s the kind of number so absurd that it stops being math and starts becoming pure science fiction. ...




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Increased spatial coherence length from an asymmetric crystal reflection at grazing exit

Coherent X-ray imaging is an active field at synchrotron sources. The images rely on the available coherent flux over a limited field of view. At many synchrotron beamlines a double-crystal monochromator (DCM) is employed in a standard nondispersive arrangement. For coherent diffraction imaging it is advantageous to increase the available field of view by increasing the spatial coherence length (SCL) of a beam exiting such a DCM. Here, Talbot interferometry data together with ray-tracing simulations for a (+ − − +) four-reflection experimental arrangement are presented, wherein the first two reflections are in the DCM and the final fourth reflection is asymmetric at grazing exit. Analyses of the interferometry data combined with the simulations show that compared with the beam exiting the DCM a gain of 76% in the SCL was achieved, albeit with a factor of 20 reduction in flux density, which may not be a severe penalty at a synchrotron beamline. Previous efforts reported in the literature to increase the SCL that employed asymmetric crystal diffraction at grazing incidence are also discussed. A much reduced SCL is found presently in simulations wherein the same asymmetric crystal is set for grazing incidence instead of grazing exit. In addition, the present study is compared and contrasted with two other means of increasing the SCL. These are (i) focusing the beam onto an aperture to act as a secondary source, and (ii) allowing the beam to propagate in vacuum an additional distance along the beamline.




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At-wavelength metrology of an X-ray mirror using a downstream wavefront modulator

At-wavelength metrology of X-ray optics plays a crucial role in evaluating the performance of optics under actual beamline operating conditions, enabling in situ diagnostics and optimization. Techniques utilizing a wavefront random modulator have gained increasing attention in recent years. However, accurately mapping the measured wavefront slope to a curved X-ray mirror surface when the modulator is downstream of the mirror has posed a challenge. To address this problem, an iterative method has been developed in this study. The results demonstrate a significant improvement compared with conventional approaches and agree with offline measurements obtained from optical metrology. We believe that the proposed method enhances the accuracy of at-wavelength metrology techniques, and empowers them to play a greater role in beamline operation and optics fabrication.




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Infrared spectroscopy across scales in length and time at BESSY II

The infrared beamline at BESSY II storage ring was upgraded recently to extend the capabilities of infrared microscopy. The endstations available at the beamline are now facilitating improved characterization of molecules and materials at different length scales and time resolutions. Here, the current outline of the beamline is reported and an overview of the endstations available is given. In particular, the first results obtained by using a new microscope for nano-spectroscopy that was implemented are presented. The capabilities of the scattering-type near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) are demonstrated by investigating cellulose microfibrils, representing nanoscopic objects of a hierarchical structure. It is shown that the s-SNOM coupled to the beamline allows imaging to be performed with a spatial resolution of less than 30 nm and infrared spectra to be collected from an effective volume of less than 30 nm × 30 nm × 12 nm. Potential steps for further optimization of the beamline performance are discussed.




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The role of alkyl chain length in the melt and solution crystallization of paliperidone aliphatic prodrugs

Fatty acid-derivative prodrugs have been utilized extensively to improve the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, to our knowledge, the crystallization behavior of prodrugs modified with different fatty acids has not been explored. In the present work, a series of paliperidone aliphatic prodrugs with alkyl chain lengths ranging from C4 to C16 was investigated with respect to crystal structure, crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics. The paliperidone derivatives exhibited isostructural crystal packing, despite the different alkyl chain lengths, and crystallized with the dominant (100) face in both melt and solution. The rate of crystallization for paliperidone derivatives in the melt increases with alkyl chain length owing to greater molecular mobility. In contrast, the longer chains prolong the nucleation induction time and reduce the crystal growth kinetics in solution. The results show a correlation between difficulty of nucleation in solution and the interfacial energy. This work provides insight into the crystallization behavior of paliperidone aliphatic prodrugs and reveals that the role of alkyl chain length in the crystallization behavior has a strong dependence on the crystallization method.




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A modified phase-retrieval algorithm to facilitate automatic de novo macromolecular structure determination in single-wavelength anomalous diffraction

The success of experimental phasing in macromolecular crystallography relies primarily on the accurate locations of heavy atoms bound to the target crystal. To improve the process of substructure determination, a modified phase-retrieval algorithm built on the framework of the relaxed alternating averaged reflection (RAAR) algorithm has been developed. Importantly, the proposed algorithm features a combination of the π-half phase perturbation for weak reflections and enforces the direct-method-based tangent formula for strong reflections in reciprocal space. The proposed algorithm is extensively demonstrated on a total of 100 single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) experimental datasets, comprising both protein and nucleic acid structures of different qualities. Compared with the standard RAAR algorithm, the modified phase-retrieval algorithm exhibits significantly improved effectiveness and accuracy in SAD substructure determination, highlighting the importance of additional constraints for algorithmic performance. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be performed without human intervention under most conditions owing to the self-adaptive property of the input parameters, thus making it convenient to be integrated into the structural determination pipeline. In conjunction with the IPCAS software suite, we demonstrated experimentally that automatic de novo structure determination is possible on the basis of our proposed algorithm.




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Bridging length scales in hard materials with ultra-small angle X-ray scattering – a critical review

Owing to their exceptional properties, hard materials such as advanced ceramics, metals and composites have enormous economic and societal value, with applications across numerous industries. Understanding their microstructural characteristics is crucial for enhancing their performance, materials development and unleashing their potential for future innovative applications. However, their microstructures are unambiguously hierarchical and typically span several length scales, from sub-ångstrom to micrometres, posing demanding challenges for their characterization, especially for in situ characterization which is critical to understanding the kinetic processes controlling microstructure formation. This review provides a comprehensive description of the rapidly developing technique of ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), a nondestructive method for probing the nano-to-micrometre scale features of hard materials. USAXS and its complementary techniques, when developed for and applied to hard materials, offer valuable insights into their porosity, grain size, phase composition and inhomogeneities. We discuss the fundamental principles, instrumentation, advantages, challenges and global status of USAXS for hard materials. Using selected examples, we demonstrate the potential of this technique for unveiling the microstructural characteristics of hard materials and its relevance to advanced materials development and manufacturing process optimization. We also provide our perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the continued development of USAXS, including multimodal characterization, coherent scattering, time-resolved studies, machine learning and autonomous experiments. Our goal is to stimulate further implementation and exploration of USAXS techniques and inspire their broader adoption across various domains of hard materials science, thereby driving the field toward discoveries and further developments.




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Crossing length scales: X-ray approaches to studying the structure of biological materials

Biological materials have outstanding properties. With ease, challenging mechanical, optical or electrical properties are realised from comparatively `humble' building blocks. The key strategy to realise these properties is through extensive hierarchical structuring of the material from the millimetre to the nanometre scale in 3D. Though hierarchical structuring in biological materials has long been recognized, the 3D characterization of such structures remains a challenge. To understand the behaviour of materials, multimodal and multi-scale characterization approaches are needed. In this review, we outline current X-ray analysis approaches using the structures of bone and shells as examples. We show how recent advances have aided our understanding of hierarchical structures and their functions, and how these could be exploited for future research directions. We also discuss current roadblocks including radiation damage, data quantity and sample preparation, as well as strategies to address them.




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Enhancing the Efficiency of a Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometer based upon a Slit-less Design Using a Single-Bounce Monocapillary

A slit-less wavelength-dispersive spectrometer design using a single-bounce monocapillary that aligns the sample on the Rowland circle, enhancing photon throughput and maintaining resolution. The compact design supports flexibility and reconfiguration in facilities without complex beamline infrastructure, significantly improving detection efficiency.




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Accessing self-diffusion on nanosecond time and nanometre length scales with minute kinetic resolution

Neutron spectroscopy uniquely and non-destructively accesses diffusive dynamics in soft and biological matter, including for instance proteins in hydrated powders or in solution, and more generally dynamic properties of condensed matter on the molecular level. Given the limited neutron flux resulting in long counting times, it is important to optimize data acquisition for the specific question, in particular for time-resolved (kinetic) studies. The required acquisition time was recently significantly reduced by measurements of discrete energy transfers rather than quasi-continuous neutron scattering spectra on neutron backscattering spectrometers. Besides this reduction in acquisition times, smaller amounts of samples can be measured with better statistics, and most importantly, kinetically changing samples, such as aggregating or crystallizing samples, can be followed. However, given the small number of discrete energy transfers probed in this mode, established analysis frameworks for full spectra can break down. Presented here are new approaches to analyze measurements of diffusive dynamics recorded within fixed windows in energy transfer, and these are compared with the analysis of full spectra. The new approaches are tested by both modeled scattering functions and a comparative analysis of fixed energy window data and full spectra on well understood reference samples. This new approach can be employed successfully for kinetic studies of the dynamics focusing on the short-time apparent center-of-mass diffusion.




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Resonant neutron scattering lengths

Unlike most of the periodic table, many rare-earth elements display considerable resonant scattering for thermal neutrons. Although this property is accompanied by strong neutron absorption, modern high-intensity neutron sources make diffraction experiments possible with these elements. Computation of scattering intensities is accomplished by fitting the variation in resonant scattering lengths (b0, b' and b'') to a semi-empirical Breit–Wigner formalism, which can be evaluated over the range of neutron energies useful for diffraction, typically E = 10–600 meV; λ = 0.4–2.8 Å (with good extrapolation to longer wavelengths).




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Pushing the limits of accessible length scales via a modified Porod analysis in small-angle neutron scattering on ordered systems

Small-angle neutron scattering is a widely used technique to study large-scale structures in bulk samples. The largest accessible length scale in conventional Bragg scattering is determined by the combination of the longest available neutron wavelength and smallest resolvable scattering angle. A method is presented that circumvents this limitation and is able to extract larger length scales from the low-q power-law scattering using a modification of the well known Porod law connecting the scattered intensity of randomly distributed objects to their specific surface area. It is shown that in the special case of a highly aligned domain structure the specific surface area extracted from the modified Porod law can be used to determine specific length scales of the domain structure. The analysis method is applied to study the micrometre-sized domain structure found in the intermediate mixed state of the superconductor niobium. The analysis approach allows the range of accessible length scales to be extended from 1 µm to up to 40 µm using a conventional small-angle neutron scattering setup.




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MINNESOTA / MONTANA FILMMAKERS RELEASE FULL-LENGTH DOCUMENTARY ABOUT GUINNESS WORLD RECORD HOLDER DALE "GREYBEARD" SANDERS AS HE PADDLES ENTIRE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT AGE 87

Zak Rivers and Wilderness Mindsets film features the oldest man to canoe the Mississippi




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Lehigh Valley Health Network Reduces Length of Stay with Minitab

How LVHN used Lean Six Sigma tools and Minitab statistical analysis to achieve improvements in patient-centered care.




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Length Gages

Heidenhain added versatility to its gaging line by expanding its length gage offerings with new variants of its successful in-line Specto and Acanto gages.




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Length Gage

Heidenhain announced the latest expansion of its gaging line, the Zero-Force Metro Length Gauge.




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[ B.15 (10/96) ] - Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications

Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications




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[ B.15 (11/88) ] - Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications

Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications




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[ J.383 (01/19) ] - Conversion of type length value packet and transport stream for advanced cable transmission systems

Conversion of type length value packet and transport stream for advanced cable transmission systems




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[ J.288 (07/19) ] - Encapsulation of type length value (TLV) packet for cable transmission systems

Encapsulation of type length value (TLV) packet for cable transmission systems




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Kendall T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Thigh Length with Belt.

Kendal TED medical anti-embolism stocking. Reduces the incidence of thrombosis and protect patients after discharge. 18 mmHg compression (class 1). Recommended for very thin or obese patients, where stocking slippage is a prevalent problem. Prevent tourniquet effect. Seamless. One-piece, snap-on belt is easily adjustable. Suitable for men and women. Sizes XS,M,L,XL. Length short, regular and long. See Sizechart. Price: USD33.95




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Kendall T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Knee Length.

Kendall TED medical anti-embolism kneehigh with graduated compression. 18 mmHg compression (class 1). Promotes increased blood flow velocity and reduces the incidence of thrombosis. Reduce DVT incidence by 50%. Seamless. 100% Latex free. With inspection toe. Suitable for both men and women. Sizes S,M,L. Lengths Short,Regular,Long. See Sizechart. Price: USD21.05




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Kendall T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Thigh Length.

Kendal TED medical anti-embolism stockings. Reduces the incidence of thrombosis. 18 mmHg (class 1) compression. Prevent tourniquet effect. With inspection toe. Suitable for men and women. Sizes S,M,L. Length Short,Regular,Long. See Sizechart. Price: USD27.92




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New article: Applying T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking Knee Length

If the stockings are gathered together in the typical "donut" fashion, the effect of the elastic material is multiplied many times and makes application difficult. By following these basic steps, T.E.D. Stockings are easily applied.




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New article: Applying T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking Thigh Length

If the stockings are gathered together in the typical "donut" fashion, the effect of the elastic material is multiplied many times and makes application difficult. By following these basic steps, T.E.D. Stockings are easily applied.




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New article: Applying T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking Thigh Length with Belt

If the stockings are gathered together in the typical "donut" fashion, the effect of the elastic material is multiplied many times and makes application difficult. By following these basic steps, T.E.D. Stockings are easily applied.




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New article: Fitting T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking Knee Length

Informational article on proper guide to fitting T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking knee length. This article covers the measurements, checking for exception as well as sizing chart lookup.




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New article: Fitting T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking Thigh Length

Informational article on proper guide to fitting T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking thigh length. This article covers the measurements, checking for exception as well as sizing chart lookup.




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New article: Fitting T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking Thigh Length with Belt

Informational article on proper guide to fitting T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Stocking thigh length with belt. This article covers the measurements, checking for exception as well as sizing chart lookup.




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New collection: T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Thigh Length with Belt

A new collections of Kendall TED Anti-embolism thigh length with belt by Kendall. Reduces the incidence of thrombosis. Recommended for thin or obese patients, where stocking slippage is a prevalent problem.




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New collection: T.E.D. Anti-Embolism Thigh Length Latex Free

A new collections of Kendall TED Anti-embolism thigh length from Kendall.


Reduces the incidence of thrombosis. With inspection toe in softer latex free fabric.





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District's Hair-Length Rule for Male Basketball Players Struck Down by Court

A federal appeals court has struck down an Indiana school district's policy requiring short hair for boys on the basketball team, ruling that the lack of a similar policy for girls'-team basketball players results in illegal sex discrimination.




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Delaware State Housing Authority Extends The Length Of Rental Assistance Available

DEHAP Program Increases from 15 Months to 18 Months DOVER, Del., April 21, 2022 – Delaware State Housing Authority (DSHA) announced today that eligible Delaware renters can now receive up to 18 months of rental and utility assistance through its Delaware Housing Assistance Program (DEHAP). Previously, the DEHAP provided 15 months of rental and utility […]



  • Delaware State Housing Authority
  • Delaware Housing Assistance Program
  • Rental Assistance

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AG Jennings secures lengthy suspension from Wilmington financial adviser for false statements to securities regulator

Attorney General Kathy Jennings last week secured a multi-year suspension and fines from a Wilmington based financial adviser for making false and misleading statements to her office’s Investor Protection Unit, the state securities regulator for Delaware, and for providing advisory services to clients while unregistered to do so. “Protecting investors from unscrupulous financial professionals is […]



  • Department of Justice
  • Department of Justice Press Releases
  • News

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DOJ Secures Lengthy Prison Sentence for Dover Man in 2022 Violent Gun Case

On May 11, 37-year-old Kyle Leonard pled guilty to Murder 2nd Degree in Kent County Superior Court. Leonard was sentenced to 40 years in prison, suspended after 30 years for 6 months of work release or home confinement, followed by two years of probation.   The conviction and sentence follow an investigation into Leonard fatally shooting his mother, […]



  • Department of Justice Press Releases

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DOJ Secures Lengthy Sentence For Pennsylvania Man For Violent Robbery Of Little Italy Resident

A Pennsylvania man has been sentenced to more than a decade in prison for violent assault and robbery. On August 25, 2023, Zykeem Fields, 23, was sentenced to 15 years in prison, followed by probation, by a Superior Court judge. Fields, who lived part-time in Wilmington, pleaded guilty to felony charges of Assault 1st Degree and Robbery 1st Degree following a brutal attack in 2022.   On September 28, 2022, Fields followed […]



  • Department of Justice Press Releases

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DOJ secures lengthy sentence for Wilmington man in fatal shooting incident 

On January 5, Timothy Thomas, 34, of Newark was sentenced to 25 years in prison for convictions of Murder 2nd Degree and Possession of a Firearm by a Person Prohibited. Thomas previously submitted a guilty plea in October following an investigation into the shooting of Andre Hickson, 40, on July 6, 2020. “When you commit […]



  • Department of Justice
  • Department of Justice Press Releases
  • News


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Defendant faces lengthy prison sentence after child pornography convictions 

Conviction is State’s first use of updated “partial nudity” statute  A Wilmington man could spend the rest of his life in prison following a litany of felony convictions in a child pornography case. Sheldon Lee, 64, was convicted on May 16 of 50 felonies — 25 counts of Dealing in Child Pornography and 25 counts […]



  • Department of Justice
  • Department of Justice Press Releases
  • News

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DOJ secures lengthy prison sentence for violent gun offender

   A Maryland man has been sentenced to more than three decades in prison for the fatal shooting of Charles “Jaimie” Kupidlowski in 2023.     On June 17, Steven M. Smith of Centreville, MD, pleaded guilty in Kent County Superior Court to Murder 2nd Degree and Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a […]



  • Department of Justice Press Releases

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DOJ secures lengthy prison sentences for individuals involved in brutal murder

Two individuals have been sentenced in connection with a 2020 missing person investigation turned murder case that crossed state lines. On August 28, Leonard Church of Henderson, Maryland and Esther Wright AKA Esther Hurtado-Chavez, of Clayton, were sentenced in Kent County Superior Court. Church, 43, was sentenced to 90 years of prison, suspended after 65 […]



  • Department of Justice Press Releases

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Low-Cal Diets Kept Monkeys Healthier, But Didn't Lengthen Lives

Title: Low-Cal Diets Kept Monkeys Healthier, But Didn't Lengthen Lives
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2012 4:05:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 8/30/2012 12:00:00 AM




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Staying Optimistic Might Lengthen Your Life, Study Shows

Title: Staying Optimistic Might Lengthen Your Life, Study Shows
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2019 12:00:00 AM