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Marquis Who's Who Honors Edward Bohlke for Expertise in Executive Coaching

Mr. Bohlke is a respected mentor and inspiring small business leader




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Origin of site-selectivity of hydrogen atom transfer in carbohydrate C–H alkylations via photoredox catalysis

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11,2269-2276
DOI: 10.1039/D4QO00073K, Research Article
Yujie Ji, Lingfei Hu, Han Gao, Yan-Bo Wu, Xiangying Lv, Gang Lu
Two major factors, i.e., C–H σ orbital energy and C–H BDE, account for the HAT site-selectivity of carbohydrates with the quinuclidine radical cation.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Kim Kardashian Inspired Boho Ribbon Braided Hairstyle - EvaWigs

Full Article



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28 trombonists play 'Bohemian Rhapsody,' will send shivers down your spine

Recorded during the 2018 International Trombone Festival, this brass choir elevates the cover game.




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Workshop 10: Chris Bohjalian

Chris Bohjalian has written some thrilling novels tackling some tough subjects - Armenian genocide, the ethics of midwifery, and, most recently, sex trafficking - but he speaks about the process of writing with humor and aplomb. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices




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Online carbohydrate 3D structure validation with the Privateer web app

Owing to the difficulties associated with working with carbohydrates, validating glycan 3D structures prior to deposition into the Protein Data Bank has become a staple of the structure-solution pipeline. The Privateer software provides integrative methods for the validation, analysis, refinement and graphical representation of 3D atomic structures of glycans, both as ligands and as protein modifiers. While Privateer is free software, it requires users to install any of the structural biology software suites that support it or to build it from source code. Here, the Privateer web app is presented, which is always up to date and available to be used online (https://privateer.york.ac.uk) without installation. This self-updating tool, which runs locally on the user's machine, will allow structural biologists to simply and quickly analyse carbohydrate ligands and protein glycosylation from a web browser whilst retaining all confidential information on their devices.




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Gloria Bohan Receives ASTA 's First Ever Icon Award

Honoring Her Advocacy for Industry Peers




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CBOhhhh, that's what they do

If you are a congressperson or a senator and you have an idea for a new piece of legislation, at some point someone will have to tell you how much it costs. But, how do you put a price on something that doesn't exist yet?

Since 1974, that has been the job of the Congressional Budget Office, or the CBO. The agency plays a critical role in the legislative process: bills can live and die by the cost estimates the CBO produces.

The economists and budget experts at the CBO, though, are far more than just a bunch of number crunchers. Sometimes, when the job is really at its most fun, they are basically tasked with predicting the future. The CBO has to estimate the cost of unreleased products and imagine markets that don't yet exist — and someone always hates the number they come up with.

On today's episode, we go inside the CBO to tell the twisting tale behind the pricing of a single piece of massive legislation — when the U.S. decided to finally cover prescription drug insurance for seniors. At the time, some of the drugs the CBO was trying to price didn't even exist yet. But the CBO still had to tell Congress how much the bill would cost — even though the agency knew better than anyone that its math would almost definitely be wrong.

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Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.

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Jim Bohannon to Be Inducted Into NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame

Jim Bohannon, host of the "Jim Bohannon Show" will be the NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame radio inductee for 2022.




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NAB Statement on the Passing of Jim Bohannon

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- In response to the passing of Jim Bohannon, the following statement can be attributed to NAB President and CEO Curtis LeGeyt:




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La Estambul bohemia, cuenta atrás

El barrio de Beyoglu en el centro de Estambul está en pie de guerra: la prohibición de las terrazas de los bares sólo es un primer paso para "adecentar" el barrio, temen los vecinos. Yugular la vida nocturna y vetar a los músicos callejeros pueden ser tácticas para convertir este reducto bohemio en una nueva zona de negocios, hoteles y tiendas caras, expulsando a sus residentes.




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Lamp Technology, Bohemia NY United States

Lamp Technology Inc Lamp Technology Inc... Edith Reuter, Chairman, Management, Bohemia, NY, United States





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334: ‘High-Margin Candy Bar’, With Dieter Bohn

Dieter Bohn joins the show to talk about his excellent new documentary, *Springboard: The Secret History of the First Real Smartphone* — a history of Handspring and the creators of the original PalmPilot.




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Molecular architecture and domain arrangement of the placental malaria protein VAR2CSA suggests a model for carbohydrate binding [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices]

VAR2CSA is the placental-malaria–specific member of the antigenically variant Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family. It is expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected host red blood cells and binds to specific chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the placental proteoglycan receptor. The functional ∼310 kDa ectodomain of VAR2CSA is a multidomain protein that requires a minimum 12-mer chondroitin-4-sulfate molecule for specific, high affinity receptor binding. However, it is not known how the individual domains are organized and interact to create the receptor-binding surface, limiting efforts to exploit its potential as an effective vaccine or drug target. Using small angle X-ray scattering and single particle reconstruction from negative-stained electron micrographs of the ectodomain and multidomain constructs, we have determined the structural architecture of VAR2CSA. The relative locations of the domains creates two distinct pores that can each accommodate the 12-mer of chondroitin-4-sulfate, suggesting a model for receptor binding. This model has important implications for understanding cytoadherence of infected red blood cells and potentially provides a starting point for developing novel strategies to prevent and/or treat placental malaria.




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Imaging Mass Spectrometry and Lectin Analysis of N-linked Glycans in Carbohydrate Antigen Defined Pancreatic Cancer Tissues

Colin T. McDowell
Nov 24, 2020; 0:RA120.002256v1-mcp.RA120.002256
Research




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Imaging Mass Spectrometry and Lectin Analysis of N-linked Glycans in Carbohydrate Antigen Defined Pancreatic Cancer Tissues [Research]

The early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a complex clinical obstacle yet is key to improving the overall likelihood of patient survival. Current and prospective carbohydrate biomarkers CA19-9 and sTRA are sufficient for surveilling disease progression yet are not approved for delineating PDAC from other abdominal cancers and non-cancerous pancreatic pathologies. To further understand these glycan epitopes, an imaging mass spectrometry approach was utilized to assess the N-glycome of the human pancreas and pancreatic cancer in a cohort of PDAC patients represented by tissue microarrays and whole tissue sections. Orthogonally, these same tissues were characterized by multi-round immunofluorescence which defined expression of CA19-9 and sTRA as well as other lectins towards carbohydrate epitopes with the potential to improve PDAC diagnosis. These analyses revealed distinct differences not only in N-glycan spatial localization across both healthy and diseased tissues but importantly between different biomarker-categorized tissue samples. Unique sulfated bi-antennary N-glycans were detected specifically in normal pancreatic islets. N-glycans from CA19-9 expressing tissues tended to be bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary structures with both core and terminal fucose residues and bisecting N-acetylglucosamines. These N-glycans were detected in less abundance in sTRA-expressing tumor tissues, which favored tri- and tetra-antennary structures with polylactosamine extensions. Increased sialylation of N-glycans was detected in all tumor tissues. A candidate new biomarker derived from IMS was further explored by fluorescence staining with selected lectins on the same tissues. The lectins confirmed the expression of the epitopes in cancer cells and revealed different tumor-associated staining patterns between glycans with bisecting GlcNAc and those with terminal GlcNAc. Thus, the combination of lectin-IHC and IMS techniques produces more complete information for tumor classification than the individual analyses alone. These findings potentiate the development of early assessment technologies to rapidly and specifically identify PDAC in the clinic that may directly impact patient outcomes.




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UBA appoints Henrietta Ugboh as non-executive director 

– Owanari Duke Retires from Group Board United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc, has announced the appointment of Henrietta Ugboh as a Non-Executive Director on the Group’s Board. The appointment, according to a statement from the bank, has been duly approved by the relevant regulatory bodies including the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) whose approval […]

The post UBA appoints Henrietta Ugboh as non-executive director  first appeared on Business Hallmark.



  • Business
  • Henrietta Ngozi Ugboh
  • UBA appoints Henrietta Ugboh as non-executive director

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What Can You Eat on the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD)?

Title: What Can You Eat on the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD)?
Category: Health and Living
Created: 8/24/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Disability in industrial Britain : A cultural and literary history of impairment in the coal industry, 1880-1948 [Electronic book] / Kirsti Bohata, Alexandra Jones, Mike Mantin, Steven Thompson.

Manchester : Manchester University Press, [2020]







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On the mechanism of carboxylate elimination from carbohydrate monoester-derived radicals

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4OB00241E, Communication
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Julia A. Turner, Hendrik Zipse, Mark S. Taylor
Computational analysis of the HAT-induced expulsion of carboxylic acids from monoacylated pyranosides implicates concerted elimination through a hydrogen-bonded transition state.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Sweet MOFs: Exploring the Potential and Restraints of Integrating Carbohydrates with Metal-Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications

Nanoscale Horiz., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4NH00525B, Review Article
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Alessio Zuliani, Victor Ramos, Alberto Escudero, Noureddine Khiar
The unique features of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as biodegradability, reduced toxicity and high surface area offer the possibility of developing smart nanosystems for biomedical applications through the simultaneous functionalization...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Voestalpine Bohler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG MarketLine Company Profile [electronic journal].

Marketline




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Enhancing the antimycobacterial efficacy of pyridine-4-carbohydrazide: linkage to additional antimicrobial agents via oxocarboxylic acids

RSC Med. Chem., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4MD00663A, Research Article
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Václav Pflégr, Klára Konečná, Jiřina Stolaříková, Jan Ősterreicher, Ondřej Janďourek, Martin Krátký
Linking pyridine-4-carbohydrazide to other antimicrobial agents via oxocarboxylic acids significantly enhances efficacy against mycobacteria with promising selectivity and safety profiles.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Chitosan supported ionic liquid, a multifaceted catalyst for streamlined and efficient synthesis of carboxylic, amino acid and carbohydrate esters

RSC Adv., 2024, 14,36193-36208
DOI: 10.1039/D4RA05725B, Paper
Open Access
Praachi Kakati, Satish Kumar Awasthi
Development of a solid heterogeneous catalyst in the form of an ionic liquid incorporated in chitosan which shows high recyclability. This was used in a solvent free esterification reaction of carboxylic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Krishvi, Juliet Rose, This Is Gold and Bohemian Star please




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When did the duplication of a gene responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrate starch in the mouth occur?




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Effects of zeolite porosity and acidity on catalytic conversion of carbohydrates to bio-based chemicals: a review

Catal. Sci. Technol., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4CY01070A, Review Article
Deyu Chu, Jinjing Ma, Qishun Liu, Jie Fu, Heng Yin
Optimizing the production process of high value-added chemicals derived from renewable biomass holds immense promise for clean energy utilization and environmental sustainability.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Kim Kardashian Inspired Boho Ribbon Braided Hairstyle - EvaWigs




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BRITs 2020: Mollie King serves up beachy boho glamour in a kooky ruffled tangerine mini-dress

The former The Saturdays singer, 32, added fashionista to her credentials as she stepped out at the 2020 BRIT Awards at London's O2 Arena on Tuesday evening.




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The original Bohemian Rhapsody

Cedric Morris and Arthur Lett-Haines, who 'dined on wild swan and drank to excess,' may best be described as professional bohemians.




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Structural basis of carbohydrate binding in domain C of a type I pullulanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii




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N'-(2-Hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­benzyl­idene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide monohydrate

In the title hydrated Schiff base, C13H12N4O3·H2O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 5.06 (11)° and an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond closes an S(6) ring. In the crystal, Ow—H⋯O and Ow—H⋯N (w = water) hydrogen bonds link the components into centrosymmetric tetra­mers (two Schiff bases and two water mol­ecules). Longer N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the tetra­mers into [010] chains. A weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and aromatic π–π stacking between the pyrazine and phenyl rings [centroid–centroid separations = 3.604 (2) and 3.715 (2) Å] are also observed.




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Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of di­iodido­{N'-[(E)-(phen­yl)(pyridin-2-yl-κN)methylidene]pyridine-2-carbohydrazide-κ2N',O}cadmium(II)

In each of the two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [CdI2(C18H14N4O)], the N,O,N'-tridentate N'-[(E)-(phen­yl)(pyridin-2-yl-κN)methyl­idene]pyridine-2-carbohydrazide ligand and two iodide anions form an I2N2O penta­coordination sphere, with a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, with an I atom in the apical position. Both mol­ecules feature an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, weak aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid separation = 3.830 (2) Å] link the mol­ecules into dimers.




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Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of (E)-N'-benzyl­idene-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbo­hydrazide and the disordered hemi-DMSO solvate of (E)-2-oxo-N'-(3,4,5-trimeth­oxybenzyl­idene)-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide: lattice ene

The crystal structures of the disordered hemi-DMSO solvate of (E)-2-oxo-N'-(3,4,5-tri­meth­oxy­benzyl­idene)-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide, C20H18N2O6·0.5C2H6OS, and (E)-N'-benzyl­idene-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide, C17H12N2O3 (4: R = C6H5), are discussed. The non-hydrogen atoms in compound [4: R = (3,4,5-MeO)3C6H2)] exhibit a distinct curvature, while those in compound, (4: R = C6H5), are essential coplanar. In (4: R = C6H5), C—H⋯O and π–π intra­molecular inter­actions combine to form a three-dimensional array. A three-dimensional array is also found for the hemi-DMSO solvate of [4: R = (3,4,5-MeO)3C6H2], in which the mol­ecules of coumarin are linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions, and form tubes into which the DMSO mol­ecules are cocooned. Hirshfeld surface analyses of both compounds are reported, as are the lattice energy and inter­molecular inter­action energy calculations of compound (4: R = C6H5).




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Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of (E)-N'-benzyl­idene-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbo­hydrazide and the disordered hemi-DMSO solvate of (E)-2-oxo-N'-(3,4,5-trimeth­oxybenzyl­idene)-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide: lattice ene

In the paper by Gomes et al. [Acta Cryst. (2019), E75, 1403–1410], there was an error and omission in the author and affiliation list.




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Intra­molecular 1,5-S⋯N σ-hole inter­action in (E)-N'-(pyridin-4-yl­methyl­idene)thio­phene-2-carbohydrazide

The title compound, C11H9N3OS, (I), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The mol­ecular conformation is nearly planar and features an intra­molecular chalcogen bond between the thio­phene S and the imine N atoms. Within the crystal, the strongest inter­actions between mol­ecules are the N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which organize them into inversion dimers. The dimers are linked through short C—H⋯N contacts and are stacked into layers propagating in the (001) plane. The crystal structure features π–π stacking between the pyridine aromatic ring and the azomethine double bond. The calculated energies of pairwise inter­molecular inter­actions within the stacks are considerably larger than those found for the inter­actions between the layers.




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Crystal structure of N'-[4-(di­methyl­amino)­benzyl­idene]furan-2-carbohydrazide monohydrate

The condensation of 2-furoic hydrazide and 4-dimethyl amino­benzaldehyde in ethanol yielded a yellow solid formulated as the title compound, C14H15N3O2·H2O. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular O(water)—H⋯O,N(carbohydrazide) and N—H⋯O(water) hydrogen bonds, which form a two-dimensional network along the bc plane. Additional C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene and the furan ring is 34.47 (6)°. The carbohydrazide moiety, i.e., the C=N—N—C=O fragment and the benzene ring are almost coplanar, with an angle of 6.75 (9)° between their mean planes.




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Structural basis of carbohydrate binding in domain C of a type I pullulanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii

Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) is a well known starch-debranching enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in α-glucans such as starch and pullulan. Crystal structures of a type I pullulanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii (PbPulA) and of PbPulA in complex with maltopentaose (G5), maltohexaose (G6)/α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were determined in order to better understand substrate binding to this enzyme. PbPulA belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 subfamily 14 and is composed of three domains (CBM48, A and C). Three carbohydrate-binding sites identified in PbPulA were located in CBM48, near the active site and in domain C, respectively. The binding site in CBM48 was specific for β-CD, while that in domain C has not been reported for other pullulanases. The domain C binding site had higher affinity for α-CD than for G6; a small motif (FGGEH) seemed to be one of the major determinants for carbohydrate binding in this domain. Structure-based mutations of several surface-exposed aromatic residues in CBM48 and domain C had a debilitating effect on the activity of the enzyme. These results suggest that both CBM48 and domain C play a role in binding substrates. The crystal forms described contribute to the understanding of pullulanase domain–carbohydrate interactions.




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.[Elmershawn@aol.com][ID-YPRVMKTQ3ABOHUC].Void




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Watch 28 trombones gracefully cover Queen's 'Bohemian Rhapsody'

You haven't heard 'Bohemian Rhapsody' until you've heard it performed by beautiful trombones.



  • Arts & Culture

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Organic Boho Clothing, Louise Misha, Launches New Line for Spring Summer '20

Louise Misha's New Line for Spring Summer 2220 Entire Line is 100% GOTS Certified




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Bohannan: Bring new ideas and energy to House District 85

The upcoming primary election is a pivotal moment for Iowa City. For the past several months, I have talked to people throughout the district who are ready for change. They believe their Democratic representative should show up for people throughout the community, especially those in need. They expect a legislator from Iowa’s bluest district to be a leader in the party, raising money to support Democratic candidates up and down the ticket and making the strongest possible case for progressive legislation. They are ready to start now in building the future of the Democratic Party and state government in Iowa. And I am honored that they are putting their trust in me.

There is a lot at stake in this election. The coronavirus has laid bare and magnified preexisting inequities — inequities brought about by the Legislature’s disinvestment in education, health care, and worker rights and safety. Small businesses are now struggling to survive, when for years the state has been giving large corporations hundreds of millions of dollars in tax credits. Water quality, climate change and gun violence still need our attention, even as we continue to invest in keeping people safe from COVID-19. We have never needed strong leadership more than we do now.

I will be a champion for progressive values because I have lived them. I know how hard it can be for people to get by even when they work hard. I grew up in a trailer in rural Florida. Neither of my parents graduated high school. My dad was a construction worker who suffered for years with emphysema. When his health insurance was canceled, my family had to choose between paying for his medicine and everything else. Fortunately, public education gave me the opportunity for a better life. My teachers taught me well and helped me to apply to college. Public university tuition was affordable then, and I was able to work my way through engineering school and law school.

Today, I am a law professor, an environmental engineer and a mother. I believe I have the skills, energy and passion that Iowa City needs at this critical point in time. I will show up for every member of our community and fight for a better future for all of Iowa.

It’s time for change in Iowa City. Please vote for me in House District 85 and help to build the future that Iowa deserves.

Christina Bohannan is a candidate in the Democratic primary for Iowa House District 85.




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Bohannan will be an energetic, passionate voice

Please join me in voting for Christina Bohannan for Iowa House of Representatives District 85. Christina is an energetic and passionate leader. She has broad experience as a law professor, an environmental engineer, and an advocate for diversity, equity and inclusion. These experiences give her a unique perspective and the ability to comprehend legislative issues from many different points of view. She sees the big picture and knows that she can support economic growth and small business while also advocating for basic human rights and fairness.

Christina shows up for people all over the community and is an advocate for people of color, immigrants, and others from disadvantaged or marginalized backgrounds. She is a strong voice for labor, collective bargaining rights, and a living wage. She will stand up against wage theft and other unfair practices.

In the state Legislature, Christina will be a fearless and energetic advocate for each and every member of her district. She also will be a dedicated and collaborative partner with local government. This is why so many local officials are endorsing her.

Please join me and many others in voting for Christina Bohannan for Iowa House District 85.

Mazahir Salih

City Council member

Mayor pro tem

Iowa City



  • Letters to the Editor

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Bohannan is the best pick in House District 85

The next ten years will prove to be one of the most challenging eras in Iowa history.

Whether we meet those challenges with Iowa-smart, progressive responses will depend largely on the quality of legislators we elect to office.

Christina Bohannan, Democratic candidate for the Iowa House of Representatives, would be a remarkably talented and hardworking legislator, if given the opportunity to serve.

The daughter of blue-collar parents.

Trained as an environmental engineer.

A professor of law at the University of Iowa College of Law.

The former president of the Iowa Faculty Senate.

A mother.

These life experiences inform Christina Bohannan’s pragmatic progressivism.

If elected, she has the skill set to get good things done for Iowa.

Please join me in supporting Democrat Christina Bohannan for the House District 85 seat in the June 2 primary election.

Jim Larew

Iowa City



  • Letters to the Editor

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Carbohydrate substituted dibenzo[D,G][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin stabilizers

Carbohydrate substituted dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin compounds of formula I ##STR1## where A is a carbohydrate residue are effective stabilizers for polymers processed at elevated temperatures and subject to thermal or oxidative degradation.




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Carbohydrate substituted dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin stabilizers

Carbohydrate substituted dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin compounds of formula I ##STR1## where A is a carbohydrate residue are effective stabilizers for polymers processed at elevated temperatures and subject to thermal or oxidative degradation.




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Process for production of hexamethylenediamine from carbohydrate-containing materials and intermediates therefor

Processes are disclosed for the conversion of a carbohydrate source to hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and to intermediates useful for the production of hexamethylenediamine and other industrial chemicals. HMDA is produced by direct reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous reduction catalyst comprising Pt or by indirect reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol wherein 1,2,6-hexanetriol is produced by reduction of the furfural substrate in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising Pt and 1,2,6-hexanediol is then converted by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst comprising Pt to 1,6 hexanediol, each process then proceeding to the production of HMDA by known routes, such as amination of the 1,6 hexanediol. Catalysts useful for the direct and indirect production of 1,6-hexanediol are also disclosed.