Investigators collect data on off-counter sale of chemical powder

A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine finds that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) approach to its ongoing Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment plan is appropriate for synthesizing the scientific evidence and quantifying estimates of inorganic arsenic toxicity.

Location: Engineering Library- TD442.5.M4586 2016

Arsenic: A metallic element that forms a number of poisonous compounds, arsenic is found in nature at low levels mostly in compounds with oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur. These are called inorganic arsenic compounds. Arsenic in plants and animals combines with carbon and hydrogen. This is called organic arsenic. Organic arsenic is usually less harmful than inorganic arsenic.

Most arsenic compounds have no smell or special taste. Inorganic arsenic compounds are mainly used to preserve wood. They are also used to make insecticides and weed killers. Copper and lead ores contain small amounts of arsenic.

When arsenic enters the environment, it does not evaporate. It gets into air when contaminated materials are burned. It settles from the air to the ground where it does not break down, but can change from one form to another. Most arsenic compounds can dissolve in water. Fish and shellfish build up organic arsenic in their tissues, but most of the arsenic in fish is not toxic.

Exposure to arsenic can come from:

• Breathing workplace air with sawdust or burning smoke from wood containing arsenic
• Ingesting contaminated water, soil, or air at waste sites
• Ingesting contaminated water, soil, or air near areas naturally high in arsenic

Inorganic arsenic is a human poison. Organic arsenic is less harmful. High levels of inorganic arsenic in food or water can be fatal. A high level is 60 parts of arsenic per million parts of food or water (60 ppm). Arsenic damages many tissues including nerves, stomach and intestines, and skin. Breathing high levels can give you a sore throat and irritated lungs.

Lower levels of exposure to inorganic arsenic may cause:

• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Decreased production of red and white blood cells
• Abnormal heart rhythm
• Blood vessel damage
• A "pins and needles" sensation in hands and feet

Long term exposure to inorganic arsenic may lead to a darkening of the skin and the appearance of small "corns" or "warts" on the palms, soles, and torso. Direct skin contact may cause redness and swelling.

Arsenic is a known carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). Breathing inorganic arsenic increases the risk of lung cancer. Ingesting inorganic arsenic increases the risk of skin cancer and tumors of the bladder, kidney, liver, and lung.

Tests can measure a person's exposure to high levels of arsenic. These tests are not routinely performed in a doctor's office. Arsenic can be measured in the urine. This is the most reliable test for arsenic exposure. Since arsenic stays in the body only short time, one must have the test soon after exposure. Tests on hair or fingernails can measure exposure to high levels of arsenic over the past 6-12 months. These tests are not very useful for low level exposures. These tests do not predict whether you will have any harmful health effects.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets limits on the amount of arsenic that industrial sources can release. It restricted or canceled many uses of arsenic in pesticides and may restrict more. EPA set a limit of 0.05 parts per million (ppm) for arsenic in drinking water. EPA may lower this further. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) established a maximum permissible exposure limit for workplace airborne arsenic of 10 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³).

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Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water may raise the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart disease, even at levels below the federal

A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine finds that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) approach to its ongoing Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment plan is appropriate for synthesizing the scientific evidence and quantifying estimates of inorganic arsenic toxicity.

Long-term, low level exposure to arsenic in drinking water may increase a person’s risk of skin cancer, according to a new study conducted in Hungary, Romania and Slovakia. The study suggests that levels of inorganic arsenic previously thought to be harmless may have a carcinogenic effect over a longer period of time.

The removal of arsenic from water using a brown seaweed (Sargassum muticum), coated with iron hydroxide, has been tested in a recent study. Under optimal pH conditions, the method removed 100% of the arsenic, indicating the viability of this method for treating contaminated water.

New research has shown that flooding of soils contaminated with arsenic, which may occur as sea levels rise due to climate change, could lead to the mobilisation of this toxic element in the environment. The study shows that arsenic is more stable in soil flooded with saltwater, compared to river water, as salt stabilises mineral oxides and could inhibit microbial activity. However, microbes that transform arsenic into water-soluble forms may adapt to saline conditions, and the risk of arsenic entering waters due to rising sea levels should receive further attention.

A newly published study finds that there may be dangerous levels of arsenic in some baby formulas.

Those who live in the Quebrada Camarones region of South America's Atacama Desert have a remarkable resistance to arsenic, which is in the water.

Found in everything from rice to apple juice, arsenic can be a serious health concern, but how worried should you be? Here's what you need to know.

Should we be worried, or is it OK to keep drinking (for now)?

Officials are warning people near the Tennessee coal ash spill to stop drinking well water after finding high levels of arsenic.

The Food and Drug Administration is lowering the current acceptable amount of arsenic in apple juice from 23 parts per billion to 10.

Apple juice will now have the same standards as water when it comes to the amount of arsenic allowed, but how much praise does the FDA deserve?

Levels of arsenic in rice appear to be too low to pose health risks over the short term.

A method for sequestrating arsenic oxides, comprising forming an insoluble and stable glass incorporating a fully oxidized form of arsenic generated by oxidation of an initial lower oxide of arsenic and stabilization by calcium salt formation. The glass composition for sequestration of arsenic comprises from 50 to 75% silica; from 0.5 to 3% Al2O3; from 1 to 15% MnO; from 5 to 15% CaO; from 1 to 20% As2O5 and from 8 to 14% Na2O, less than four percent of iron oxides, magnesium oxide and other oxides.

Paris : J.-B. Baillière, 1880.

Paris : J.-B. Baillière, 1879.

Title: Babies Fed Rice-Based Cereals Have Higher Arsenic Levels, Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 4/25/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/26/2016 12:00:00 AM

To avoid arsenic contamination, many Bangladeshi households access water via private wells drilled to 300 feet or less, beneath impermeable clay layers. Such clay layers have been thought to protect groundwater in the underlying aquifers from the downward flow of contaminants. However, a new study suggests that such clay layers do not always protect against arsenic, and could even be a source of contamination in some wells.

For some of the juices – all from well-known brands – drinking just 4 ounces a day is enough to cause concern.

It’s downright Victorian, but alas, our rice is rife with arsenic – here’s how to enjoy it without the poison.

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Maryland's ban on arsenic in chicken feed would have been groundbreaking, but the bill has been gutted by lobbyists.

The aquatic moss clears 80 percent of arsenic from a container of water in less than an hour.

Inorganic arsenic and its presence in the food has harmful effects on health. O in 2016 EU imposed a maximum limit of inorganic arsenic on manufacturers in a bid to mitigate associated health risks.

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