law COVID-19 has revealed a flaw in public health systems. Here’s how to fix it. By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 16:22:44 +0000 To be capable of surveilling, preventing, and managing disease outbreaks, public health systems require trustworthy, community-embedded public health workers who are empowered to undertake their tasks as professionals. The world has not invested in this cadre of health workers, despite the lessons from Ebola. In a new paper, my co-authors and I discuss why, and… Full Article
law 5 questions policymakers should ask about facial recognition, law enforcement, and algorithmic bias By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Thu, 20 Feb 2020 05:05:52 +0000 In the futuristic 2002 film “Minority Report,” law enforcement uses a predictive technology that includes artificial intelligence (AI) for risk assessments to arrest possible murderers before they commit crimes. However, a police officer is now one of the accused future murderers and is on the run from the Department of Justice to prove that the… Full Article
law How COVID-19 is changing law enforcement practices by police and by criminal groups By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Tue, 07 Apr 2020 13:00:16 +0000 The COVID-19 outbreak worldwide is affecting not just crime as I explained last week, but also law enforcement: How are police responding to COVID-19 and its knock-on effects on crime? What effects does the pandemic have on criminal groups and the policing they do? Where have all the coppers gone? Globally, police forces are predominantly… Full Article
law Law and the Long War: The Future of Justice in the Age of Terror By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: More than six years after the September 11 attacks, America is losing a crucial front in the ongoing war on terror—not to al Qaeda but to its own failure to construct a set of laws that will protect the American people and govern the American side of a conflict unlike any it has faced in… Full Article
law Looking Forward, Not Backward: Refining American Interrogation Law By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: The following is part of the Series on Counterterrorism and American Statutory Law, a joint project of the Brookings Institution, the Georgetown University Law Center, and the Hoover Institution Introduction The worldwide scandal spurred by the abuse of prisoners in Abu Ghraib, Guantánamo, Afghanistan and secret CIA prisons during the Bush Administration has been a… Full Article
law Lessons of history, law, and public opinion for AI development By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Fri, 22 Nov 2019 13:24:40 +0000 Artificial intelligence is not the first technology to concern consumers. Over time, many innovations have frightened users and led to calls for major regulation or restrictions. Inventions such as the telegraph, television, and robots have generated everything from skepticism to outright fear. As AI technology advances, how should we evaluate AI? What measures should be… Full Article
law Products liability law as a way to address AI harms By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Thu, 31 Oct 2019 04:03:44 +0000 Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology that will have a profound impact on manufacturing, robotics, transportation, agriculture, modeling and forecasting, education, cybersecurity, and many other applications. The positive benefits of AI are enormous. For example, AI-based systems can lead to improved safety by reducing the risks of injuries arising from human error. AI-based systems… Full Article
law How well-intentioned privacy laws can contribute to wrongful convictions By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Tue, 11 Feb 2020 16:37:41 +0000 In 2019, an innocent man was jailed in New York City after the complaining witness showed police screenshots of harassing text messages and recordings of threatening voicemails that the man allegedly sent in violation of a protective order. The man’s Legal Aid Society defense attorney subpoenaed records from SpoofCard, a company that lets people send… Full Article
law The U.S. May Need More Lawyers! By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Fri, 29 Jul 2011 14:29:00 +0000 Tens of billions of consumer dollars are lost to the legal profession due to industry standards and regulations that have created a lawyer monopoly, write Clifford Winston and Robert Crandall. Winston and Crandall propose opening up the legal field and utilizing innovative IT and online services to alleviate demand for routine law work. Full Article
law First Thing We Do, Let’s Deregulate All the Lawyers By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Tue, 14 May 2013 20:02:51 +0000 Not many Americans think of the legal profession as a monopoly, but it is. Abraham Lincoln, who practiced law for nearly twenty-five years, would likely not have been allowed to practice today. Without a law degree from an American Bar Association–sanctioned institution, a would-be lawyer is allowed to practice law in only a few states. […] Full Article
law Time to Deregulate the Practice of Law By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Mon, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000 Clifford Winston and Robert Crandall argue that occupational licensing for lawyers creates a monopoly in the legal field. They write that deregulating the industry would give consumers more responsive service while lowering costs. Full Article
law The Law Firm Business Model Is Dying By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Mon, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000 Clifford Winston and Robert Crandall say that the bankruptcies of major, long-standing law firms signal a change in how businesses and the public are choosing to find legal services. Winston and Crandall argue that deregulation would revitalize the industry, bringing new ideas, technologies, talents and operating procedures into the practice of law. Full Article
law To Reduce Lawyers’ Drag on Growth, How about a Law PhD? By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Mon, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000 Cliff Winston and Robert Crandall explain why, despite major declines in law school applications, new legal PhD programs can reduce the drag on economic growth that the legal industry may contribute to. Winston and Crandall argue that new doctorates in law may develop new findings that fill gaps in our understanding of the implementation of public policies, creating opportunities for streamlining and reform. Full Article
law The rule of law is under duress everywhere By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Tue, 17 Mar 2020 15:17:31 +0000 Anyone paying attention to major events of the day in the United States and around the world would know that the basic social fabric is fraying from a toxic mix of ills — inequality, dislocation, polarization, environmental distress, scarce resources, and more. Signs abound that after decades of uneven but steady human progress, we are… Full Article
law How laws get made in China By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Fri, 22 Mar 2019 17:37:54 +0000 Full Article
law The limits of refugee law By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Mon, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000 Full Article
law Targeted Killing in U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy and Law By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: The following is part of the Series on Counterterrorism and American Statutory Law, a joint project of the Brookings Institution, the Georgetown University Law Center, and the Hoover Institution Introduction It is a slight exaggeration to say that Barack Obama is the first president in American history to have run in part on a political… Full Article
law The District’s proposed law shows the wrong way to provide paid leave By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Tue, 19 Jan 2016 15:03:00 -0500 The issue of paid leave is heating up in 2016. At least two presidential candidates — Democrat Hillary Clinton and Republican Sen. Marco Rubio (Fla.) — have proposed new federal policies. Several states and large cities have begun providing paid leave to workers when they are ill or have to care for a newborn child or other family member. This forward movement on paid-leave policy makes sense. The United States is the only advanced country without a paid-leave policy. While some private and public employers already provide paid leave to their workers, the workers least likely to get paid leave are low-wage and low-income workers who need it most. They also cannot afford to take unpaid leave, which the federal government mandates for larger companies. Paid leave is good for the health and development of children; it supports work, enabling employees to remain attached to the labor force when they must take leave; and it can lower costly worker turnover for employers. Given the economic and social benefits it provides and given that the private market will not generate as much as needed, public policies should ensure that such leave is available to all. But it is important to do so efficiently, so as not to burden employers with high costs that could lead them to substantially lower wages or create fewer jobs. States and cities that require employers to provide paid sick days mandate just a small number, usually three to seven days. Family or temporary disability leaves that must be longer are usually financed through small increases in payroll taxes paid by workers and employers, rather than by employer mandates or general revenue. Policy choices could limit costs while expanding benefits. For instance, states should limit eligibility to workers with experience, such as a year, and it might make sense to increase the benefit with years of accrued service to encourage labor force attachment. Some states provide four to six weeks of family leave, though somewhat larger amounts of time may be warranted, especially for the care of newborns, where three months seems reasonable. Paid leave need not mean full replacement of existing wages. Replacing two-thirds of weekly earnings up to a set limit is reasonable. The caps and partial wage replacement give workers some incentive to limit their use of paid leave without imposing large financial burdens on those who need it most. While many states and localities have made sensible choices in these areas, some have not. For instance, the D.C. Council has proposed paid-leave legislation for all but federal workers that violates virtually all of these rules. It would require up to 16 weeks of temporary disability leave and up to 16 weeks of paid family leave; almost all workers would be eligible for coverage, without major experience requirements; and the proposed law would require 100 percent replacement of wages up to $1,000 per week, and 50 percent coverage up to $3,000. It would be financed through a progressive payroll tax on employers only, which would increase to 1 percent for higher-paid employees. Our analysis suggests that this level of leave would be badly underfunded by the proposed tax, perhaps by as much as two-thirds. Economists believe that payroll taxes on employers are mostly paid through lower worker wages, so the higher taxes needed to fully fund such generous leave would burden workers. The costly policy might cause employers to discriminate against women. The disruptions and burdens of such lengthy leaves could cause employers to hire fewer workers or shift operations elsewhere over time. This is particularly true here, considering that the D.C. Council already has imposed costly burdens on employers, such as high minimum wages (rising to $11.50 per hour this year), paid sick leave (although smaller amounts than now proposed) and restrictions on screening candidates. The minimum wage in Arlington is $7.25 with no other mandates. Employers will be tempted to move operations across the river or to replace workers with technology wherever possible. Cities, states and the federal government should provide paid sick and family leave for all workers. But it can and should be done in a fiscally responsible manner that does not place undue burdens on the workers themselves or on their employers. Editor's note: this piece originally appeared in The Washington Post. Authors Harry J. HolzerIsabel V. Sawhill Publication: The Washington Post Image Source: © Charles Platiau / Reuters Full Article
law Constitution 3.0: Freedom, Technological Change and the Law By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 10:00:00 -0500 Event Information December 13, 201110:00 AM - 11:30 AM ESTSaul/Zilkha RoomsThe Brookings Institution1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20036 Register for the Event Technology unimaginable at the time of the nation’s founding now poses stark challenges to America’s core constitutional principles. Policymakers and legal scholars are closely examining how constitutional law is tested by technological change and how to preserve constitutional principles without hindering progress. In Constitution 3.0: Freedom and Technological Change (Brookings Institution Press, 2011), Governance Studies Senior Fellow Benjamin Wittes and Nonresident Senior Fellow Jeffrey Rosen asked a diverse group of leading scholars to imagine how technological developments plausible by the year 2025 could stress current constitutional law. The resulting essays explore scenarios involving information technology, genetic engineering, security, privacy and beyond. On December 13, the Governance Studies program at Brookings hosted a Judicial Issues Forum examining the scenarios posed in Constitution 3.0 and the challenge of adapting our constitutional values to the technology of the near future. Wittes and Rosen offered key highlights and insights from the book and was joined by two key contributors, O. Carter Snead and Timothy Wu, who discussed their essays. After the program, panelists took audience questions. Video Constitution 3.0: Freedom, Technological Change and the Law Audio Constitution 3.0: Freedom, Technological Change and the Law Transcript Uncorrected Transcript (.pdf) Event Materials 20111213_constitution_technology Full Article
law Are environmental laws to blame for California's wildfires? By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 07 Aug 2018 13:39:43 -0400 A certain Commander in Chief says that wildfires are being made 'so much worse by the bad environmental laws.' Here's what's really happening. Full Article Business
law Elderly Man Killed By Neighbor for Watering Lawn in Australia By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 01 Nov 2007 08:21:06 -0400 According to CNN, a 66 year-old man was beaten to death on his front lawn by his 36 year-old neighbor for watering it yesterday in Sydney, Australia. Apparently, the pair started arguing over his water usage, and the victim sprayed his neighbor with Full Article Business
law Ocean Geoengineering Experiment Likely Broke International Law By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 15 Oct 2012 14:50:00 -0400 It may have also been done under falsely obtained consent... Full Article Business
law Ocean Geoengineering Experiment May Not Have Broken Laws After All By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 24 Oct 2012 11:35:00 -0400 Because the iron dumped in the ocean off British Columbia wasn't dumped as waste, it didn't violate international law. Full Article Business
law Corporations Wrote a Law Requiring Climate Denial be Taught in School. Tennessee Just Passed It. By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 22 Mar 2012 12:48:00 -0400 Would you let corporations decide how climate science gets taught in your kids' classroom? That's what's happening in Tennessee. Full Article Business
law Tennessee Passes Law Allowing Creationism, Climate Denial to be Taught in Classroom By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 13 Apr 2012 20:01:00 -0400 Woops. Full Article Business
law Outlaw Chicken Keepers Keep the Faith in Nashville By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 18 Apr 2012 09:40:30 -0400 Backyard chickens may be trendy, but in some cities they are still illegal. But that doesn't stop some would-be chicken keepers. Full Article Living
law World First: Environmental Law Appeal To Be Argued Over Twitter By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 13:45:00 -0500 A "moot court" will be held over Twitter for the first time ever, and students from 5 major Canadian law schools will argue an environmental law. Full Article Technology
law Maine passes second GMO label law in the U.S. By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 13 Jun 2013 10:57:00 -0400 The road to mandatory labels is still long, with a 5-state trigger before the requirement goes into effect. Full Article Business
law GMO labeling law defeated in Washington State By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 13:25:39 -0500 After a week of recounts, the proposed law to label genetically modified foods loses by 4 percent of votes. Full Article Business
law Vermont’s mandatory GMO labeling law only awaits governor’s signature By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 24 Apr 2014 11:44:53 -0400 A bill requiring all foods containing genetically engineered ingredients is just one step away from becoming law in Vermont. Full Article Living
law General Mills agrees to drop “100% natural” labeling in face of lawsuit By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 21 Nov 2014 16:00:37 -0500 In a lawsuit settlement today, General Mills agreed to remove the “100% Natural” from more than 20 of its products. Full Article Living
law Florida study finds that drivers flout the law more than cyclists By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 16 Jan 2018 11:11:26 -0500 But cyclists all run stop signs and red lights! Don't they? Full Article Transportation
law Lawsuit Pressures Coal Plant to Stop Killing Millions of Fish in Lake Erie By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 21 Dec 2010 09:40:36 -0500 Remember the story of Ohio's Bay Shore coal-fired power plant, the one that (perfectly legally) kills at least 46 million fish a year? Well that's still happening, but not without some legal challenges. A coalition of Full Article Business
law Philadelphia's solar-powered trash cans: Great green idea or flawed design? By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 26 Mar 2013 10:55:31 -0400 Are solar-powered trash cans a fuel-saving, money-saving way to keep the streets clean? Or are they worse than regular trash cans? Full Article Technology
law New York State lawmakers want to ban walking with portable electronic devices By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 15 May 2019 15:54:14 -0400 There are all kinds of distracted and compromised people in our roads. Some of them cannot help it. So why are phones a problem? Full Article Transportation
law New York e-bike law bans carrying kids By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 19 Jun 2019 13:40:04 -0400 This is, in fact, one of the things that e-bikes are really good at. Another dumb move. Full Article Transportation
law Let's Do The Time Warp Again: Monbiot and May vs Lomberg and Lawson By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 02 Dec 2009 09:25:41 -0500 It is the battle of the M&Ms; vs the L&Ls; the Munk debate in Toronto about the statement "Climate change is mankind's defining crisis, and demands a commensurate international response" with Bjorn Lomberg and Nigel Lawson duking it out Full Article Technology
law Spanish lawmakers aim for 90% carbon cuts by 2050 By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 14 Nov 2018 06:58:46 -0500 By 2030, 70% of the country's electricity could come from renewables. Full Article Energy
law Fiji Water Faces Class Action Lawsuit for Greenwashing By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 30 Dec 2010 09:09:02 -0500 Fiji, probably the least favorite in an already disliked industry, is the target of a class action lawsuit alleging the company has profited from greenwashing. Specifically, from greenwashing claims that its products are Full Article Business
law Pedestrians will have to be "lawful and considerate" in a world of self-driving cars By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 05 Jul 2018 15:17:03 -0400 It may be decades before AVs are good enough, so in the meantime everyone will have to keep out of their way. Full Article Transportation
law Use this instead of grass for your lawn By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 01 Aug 2018 13:56:08 -0400 Lawns use up way too much water. Full Article Living
law Michigan lawmaker wants to call burning tires “renewable energy” By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 02 Jul 2015 16:33:56 -0400 Proposed bill would make burning tires and other industrial solid waste count towards the state’s mandate of generating 10 percent of its energy from renewables. Full Article Business
law "Go Dry" Movement Spreads, As Californians Rip Up Their Grass Lawns By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Sat, 27 Jun 2009 18:25:51 -0400 Cut the grass will you?...Are you done edging?....Time to water the Full Article Business
law Is Brown the New Green? Not Watering Lawns Works By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:58:04 -0400 It's catching on: homeowners letting lawns go fallow during the summer without wasting resources on watering. When I lived in Seattle it was a common practice. After the grass turns brown, come fall, Full Article Science
law 6 grasses for low-maintenance drought-resistant lawns By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 17:11:07 -0400 For all those of you who insist on green lawns, for your kids to play on or your dogs to roll in, you still don't have to lay down a carpet of thirsty bluegrass, which 95% of American lawns Full Article Science
law Cornell Installs Indoor Lawn to Soothe Students During Finals (Video) By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 04 Dec 2012 05:00:00 -0500 The university brings the outdoors in to help students relax and focus on studying. Full Article Living
law This robotic lawnmower fuels itself with the grass it cuts, then harvests excess biomass for later use By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 12 Feb 2014 13:23:08 -0500 Could this be the lawnmower we've all been waiting for? Full Article Technology
law How to cure lawn lust in 6 minutes (video) By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Sun, 04 Oct 2015 13:06:31 -0400 Addicted to a lush green yard? It’s time to change the paradigm and kick the grass to the curb. Full Article Living
law Montreal considering separate traffic laws for cyclists By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 16 Mar 2018 08:18:06 -0400 The age of vehicular cycling is coming to an end; cyclists want equity, not equality Full Article Transportation
law Lyft backs lawsuit against EPA fuel economy roll back By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 20 Feb 2019 06:54:46 -0500 Big Auto is increasingly coming up against Big Tech. Full Article Transportation