Bartlett, Roger, author

Smitherman, Todd A., 1977- author

Frewen, Paul, author

Ratcliffe, Matthew, 1973- author

Souza, Thomas A., author

Briere, John, author

Kremkau, Frederick W., author

Price, Cath, author

Kalyuzhny, Alexander E., author

Férard, Georges, author

Kanne, Jeffrey P., author

Lee, Yong Heng, author

Brunzel, Nancy A., author

Roth, Christopher G., author

Jarvis, Carolyn, author

Vizniak, Nikita A, author

Burtis, Carl A

Suetens, Paul, author

American College of Sports Medicine, author, issuing body

Hashemi, Ray H., author

Garza, Diana, author

In an era of slowing economic growth, Asian countries face an imperative to boost productivity. One possible source of economic revitalization would be to make better use of women in the labor force. Although female representation in corporate leadership has been rising gradually over time, as of 2017, women comprised only 16 percent of executive officers and 11 percent of board members in publicly listed firms in Asia. Research shows that Asian firms with female executive officers and board members perform better in terms of net profit margin and return on assets than firms that lack females in leadership positions. Public policy can improve this gender gap. For one thing, countries that produce large numbers of female college graduates in fields such as law, business, or economics tend to generate more female corporate executives.

Refer to the Appendix for additional data and a detailed exposition of data collection and cleaning.

Population aging will leave many of Asia's economies increasingly dependent on an aging, and eventually a shrinking, workforce. Historically, an aging workforce has been seen as an impediment to economic growth. Experience from economies in advanced stages of aging suggests, however, that population aging can induce innovation and adoption of new technologies and so promote productivity and sustained growth. But there is no guarantee that all aging societies stand to benefit. Countries in Asia need to adopt technologies appropriate for their level of demographic transition, facilitate learning across all ages, and encourage regional cooperation for the most efficient use of their work forces and other resources.

Johnson, Gaye Theresa

Porter, Douglas R

Dean, Amy B., 1962-

Swarts, Heidi J

Johnson, Michael P., 1964- author

Westoby, Peter

Kaplan, Allan

Rands, David, 1969-

Pruitt, Bernadette, 1965-

McCarthy, Julie, 1967-

Bonds, Michael