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Honest Boys: boys no longer

Five years ago, seven boys were chosen to be discipled as Honest Boys in Mpulungu, Zambia. They carry the values proudly in their adult lives.




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Milestones and called off engagements

The Good News II School in Mpulungu, Zambia, has grown from 20 students to over 180. Students have grown from the values they learnt.




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Hope shining through the darkness

“I love to be around the children. Through education, I want to see them have a good future and have the ability to support others,” said Mercy Mutale.




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Syrians, Somalis and Sudanese

Global crises provide unprecedented opportunities for OM workers to share truth with least-reached people from Syria, Somalia and Sudan.




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God’s light shines in the darkness of the sex trade – in Czech Republic

As OM Czech Republic team members reach out to sex workers by visiting a brothel regularly, they are able to establish friendships and talk about God and His care for the women there, and offer them Christmas gifts, which touch hearts.




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Chinese man shot in Parañaque; suspects with P1.2-M in drugs nabbed

MANILA, Philippines — Parañaque City police arrested three foreign nationals for shooting a Chinese man and for possessing drugs worth P1.2 million during their arrest on Wednesday, Nov. 13. The victim was identified as “Li”, a 35-year-old Chinese national who works as a money changer employee in Parañaque City. He was shot at a residential complex in Barangay Don Galo on Wednesday morning and was taken to Juan De Dios Hospital in Pasay City for treatment. According to the Southern Police District’s (SPD) report, alias “Syncell”, a 32-year-old Filipino online agent who also lives in the complex, witnessed the incident. […]...

Keep on reading: Chinese man shot in Parañaque; suspects with P1.2-M in drugs nabbed




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Bill to weaken Israel Bar Association passes preliminary Knesset vote


The bill would give the Justice Minister the authority to set the amount of the annual membership fee instead of IBA's national council.




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Bill enabling police use of spyware passes preliminary vote in Knesset


The bill's goal is to enable the use of spyware to combat organized crime, according to the proposal's explanatory section.




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Airlines ground Bali flights after volcano erupts

Airlines cancelled flights to and from the Indonesian resort island of Bali on Wednesday, leaving travellers stranded after a nearby volcano catapulted an ash tower miles into the sky.

At least 16 international routes were affected after Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki on Flores island spewed a nine-kilometre tower a day earlier, the general manager of Bali’s international airport said in a statement.

Flights from Singapore, Hong Kong, Qatar, India, Australia, Malaysia, China’s Pudong and South Korea’s Incheon were all either delayed or grounded, Ahmad Syaugi Shahab said Wednesday.

Animal clinic worker Samsudin, 52, from Indonesia’s main island was transiting in Bali to Malaysia and forced to spend the night at the airport.

“I’m sleeping here rather than going back to Java. It is far,” he told AFP.

“I’m waiting here, until tomorrow,” he added, saying he bought a new flight after his AirAsia ticket was refunded.

Australia’s Jetstar, Qantas and Virgin Australia all grounded flights, while Malaysia Airlines, AirAsia, India’s IndiGo and Singapore’s Scoot also listed flights as cancelled on Wednesday, an AFP journalist at Bali’s airport said.

“Volcanic ash poses a significant threat to safe operations of the aircraft in the vicinity of volcanic clouds,” said AirAsia as it announced several cancellations.

Hong Kong’s Cathay Pacific also listed its flights as cancelled, rescheduling routes to and from Bali until Thursday.

Passengers look at an electronic board displaying cancelled flights after the nearby Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki volcano catapulted an ash tower miles into the sky, at the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Tuban near Denpasar, on Indonesia’s resort island of Bali on November 13. — AFP

Multiple eruptions from the 1,703-metre twin-peaked volcano in recent weeks have killed nine people, with 31 injured and more than 11,000 evacuated, Indonesia’s disaster mitigation agency said on Tuesday.

Eruptions can pose serious risks to flights, disgorging fine ash that can damage jet engines and scour a plane’s windscreen to the point of invisibility.

The island’s tourism head called for calm after the cancellations, saying the island was “very safe” because the volcano is far away.

“Bali’s tourism activity is still running normally,” Tjok Bagus Pemayun said in a statement on Wednesday.

But airlines said the situation was too dangerous to keep their planes in the sky.

Jetstar said all flights to and from Bali would be halted until noon on Thursday as it was “currently not safe to operate flights”.

Malaysia Airlines said it had cancelled six flights on Wednesday in a statement on its website, while Scoot said it scrapped two flights and rescheduled four more.

The airlines said they would monitor the volcano’s status and provide updates.

Singapore Airlines was still listing its flights as running on Wednesday.

‘Refunds, rescheduling, re-routing’

Bali airport’s Shahab said 26 domestic and 64 international flights had been affected by recent eruptions as of Wednesday afternoon.

“Due to this natural event impacting flight operations, airlines are offering affected passengers the options of refunds, rescheduling, or re-routing,” he added in a statement.

But some said they were set to be stranded for days, with little help forthcoming.

“There’s nobody helping us, nobody is providing us accommodation or food, we are kind of stranded,” said IT consultant Arsh Khurana, 39, from Delhi whose Air India flight was rescheduled to Saturday.

“There is nothing from Air India, there is absolutely no support,” he told AFP, adding that he and his wife were set to lose money as the airline’s travel insurance did not cover disruptions caused by volcanic eruptions.

Local media reported thousands of passengers were affected but Balinese officials gave no estimate.

Bali’s international airport operator PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia said on Wednesday it had conducted tests in its airspace and no volcanic ash was detected, saying the airport was “operating as normal”.

But the airport in the tourist hotspot of Labuan Bajo on Flores island was shuttered on Wednesday until 8pm local time (1200 GMT) because of the volcanic ash from Lewotobi, according to the airport’s Instagram.

Lewotobi erupted again from midnight Wednesday until early morning, and a large ash column could be seen pouring from its crater, an AFP journalist nearby said.

Laki-Laki, which means “man” in Indonesian, is twinned with a calmer volcano named after the Indonesian word for “woman”.

The island’s economy is heavily reliant on tourism but Indonesia is one of the most disaster-prone nations on Earth, straddling the Pacific Ring of Fire where tectonic plates collide.




nes

New weight loss drug target reduces appetite and burns calories without sickness

The discovery could lead to a new treatment for millions of people with obesity and type 2 diabetes who do not respond well to current treatments.





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Why agents are the next step in transforming your business with gen AI

The rise of generative AI (gen AI) and ChatGPT has brought large language models (LLMs) to the forefront of technological innovation. Unlike traditional AI, these LLMs can process and generate language in a way that mimics human reasoning. Businesses are leveraging this technology in various ways, including content generation, customer service interactions, and document summarization. Gen AI offers businesses a chance to streamline operations and improve efficiency. However, LLMs are not universally…




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Unleash the potential of AI: How businesses can avoid roadblocks and implement use cases to accelerate growth

Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming industries and is now accessible to small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs). According to Forbes, 91% of SMBs that have implemented AI report improved business success. The benefits of AI extend beyond enhanced customer experiences to include significant cost savings, revenue growth and a competitive edge. However, the journey to effective AI implementation can be challenging for many businesses. Avoiding AI roadblocks For SMBs with limited resources,…




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Airlines cancel Bali flights due to volcanic ash

DENPASAR, Indonesia — Several international airlines cancelled flights to and from Indonesia's resort island of Bali on Wednesday (Nov 13), after further eruptions of a volcano that has spewed ash clouds as high as 10km and forced thousands to evacuate. Jetstar and Qantas said they had stopped flights to Bali on Wednesday for safety reasons because of volcanic ash, while plane tracking website Flightradar24 showed flights to the island by AirAsia and Virgin were also cancelled. Bali is Indonesia's top tourist hotspot and is a popular destination for Australian visitors. The first eruption of the Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki on Nov 3 in the East Nusa Tenggara province, about 800 km from Bali, killed at least nine people. It has since erupted repeatedly, including multiple times on Tuesday. From Nov 4 to Nov 12, 80 flights in Bali were cancelled, including from Singapore, Hong Kong, and several Australian cities, said Ahmad Syaugi Shahab, general manager of Bali's Ngurah Rai airport. Indonesia has close to 130 active volcanoes and sits on the Pacific "Ring of Fire", an area of high seismic activity atop various tectonic plates.





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Headlines for November 13, 2024

“Gravest International Crimes”: U.N. Aid Chief Blasts Israel’s Deadly Siege on Gaza , Biden Won’t Enforce U.S. Law Requiring Halt of Arms to Israel Despite Clear Human Rights Abuses, Israeli Strikes Kill Dozens in Beirut Suburbs and Mount Lebanon Governorate, National Press Club’s Press Freedom Award Goes to Wael al-Dahdouh for Gaza Coverage, Mike Huckabee, Who Declared “There’s No Such Thing as a Palestinian,” Named U.S. Ambassador to Israel, Trump Nominates Fox News TV Personality Pete Hegseth as Defense Secretary, John Ratcliffe, Who Defended Trump During Impeachment Hearings, Nominated as CIA Director, Trump Picks Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy to Lead Drastic Overhaul of Federal Bureaucracy, Senate GOP Meets to Pick New Leader; House Freedom Caucus May Challenge Speaker Mike Johnson, House Fails to Pass Bill Granting President Sweeping Powers to Target Nonprofits, Jury Orders Military Contractor CACI to Pay $42 Million to Abu Ghraib Torture Survivors, Climate Campaigners Ask Scottish Court to Halt Development of Rosebank Oil Field




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Additional place of business to change as main place

How to change additional place of business as main place of business in gst portal




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Misunderstanding to the Chinese Products

Just like there are no two leaves are the same in the world, each country has the different characters from the other countries, including its culture, politics, economy and something else. Sometimes we can find it from the jewelry...




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IITs Witness a Decline in the Number of Startups Enrolling for this Year's Recruitment Program

With per-placement orders catapulted up by 25-30 pct, 2016 has been a year of opportunities for IIT’s when compared to last year. But, in spite of the rise in placements




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B2B IT Startups Could be Next Big Thing for Indian Business Market

Nasscom lists of start-ups for Emerge 50 is out and the majority of the startups that are expected to whip business scene into shape are B2B. These startups serve overseas clients on regular basis




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Zomato Now Plans to Get into the Cloud Kitchen Business

Zomato, online restaurant discovery and delivery firm is now planning to invest in new businesses such as cloud kitchens. In the past 12 months, the company has managed to boost its revenue and cut down the burn rate.




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Business Analyst Training - Stay At Forefront During Tough Times

If you are someone running a business then you might be well-aware that it is no cakewalk. Let the times be any, running a business has never been easy. you do not only have to deal with the ever evolving needs of the consumers, market...




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How important is a conversation to enhance a career or a business opportunity?

Very important! Every moment is a move we make in life. We have the ultimate responsibility to make sure to take THE steps that will help us achieve the career or business goals.



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Business Analyst Training–Improve your Competencies

Businesses have evolved in the last few decades or so. The emerging role of business analysts has helped business organizations achieve new heights. If you are craving for a career as BA then here are a few competencies that can help you...




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Take Your Business to A New Level by Effective Business To Business Networking

Networking is everywhere. It, in fact, is an integral part of our human existence. We are social animals and connecting and communicating with others comes naturally to all of us. There really is no place, where you cannot network with...




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Business success of corporate and bamboo flowering

Many corporate do engage in the business of ‘seasonal bamboo flowering’ and some may find success also.  The question is not whether such an approach is wrong or right?  But do they know the fact...




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Best Smartphones Launched in October 2016

October turned out to be the best month for the Indian smartphone market because of the festivals. With the launch of some amazing and most anticipated smartphones




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Apple Rumoured To Unveil Curved, Bezel-Free iPhones Next Year

Soon after getting mixed responses for its latest device iPhone 7 and 7 Plus smartphones, Apple is rumoured to release two iPhones that will have curved, bezel-free displays next year.




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Some of the Most Awaited Smartphones Expected to be launched in 2017

2016 witnessed the launch of various smartphones built with new technologies and features.




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TomTom Launched its Innovative Fitness Trackers

The Dutch based navigation and mapping products manufacturer TomTom is expanding its line of products with the new fitness tracker- TomTom Touch.




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WTC Noida - India's Largest Global Networks Business Place

World Trade Center is a global network of office complexes that has so far connected 330 cities in 100 countries across the world. It is managed and regulated by renowned World Trade Center Association...




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The good ones help us reach home

The good ones help us reach home

 

 




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Chinese Collect User Data from random Android Phones secretly: Security Firm

Virginia-based security firm Kryptowire recently reported that there are few Android devices from a Chinese company that are infected with software that collects users’ personal information and conversation made through text messages and calls.




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iQOO 13’s Indian Model Features a Smaller Battery and Fewer Color Options than the Chinese Version

The iQOO 13, which made its initial appearance in China last month, is scheduled to launch in India on December 3. This flagship smartphone is powered by Qualcomm's Snapdragon 8 Elite SoC, promising robust performance. While it mirrors its Chinese counterpart




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Matka Business: మట్కాకు ఎన్ని కోట్లు వస్తే లాభాల్లోకి అంటే.. వరుణ్ తేజ్ బాక్సాఫీస్ టార్గెట్ ఎంతంటే?

మెగా ప్రిన్స్ వరుణ్ తేజ్ హీరోగా, వరుస విజయాలతో దూసుకెళ్తున్న మీనాక్షి చౌదరీ జంటగా నటించిన చిత్రం మట్కా. పలాస, శ్రీదేవి డ్రామా సెంటర్ లాంటి హిట్స్ అందించిన కరుణ కుమార్ ఈ సినిమాకు దర్శకుడిగా వ్యవహరించారు. ఈ సినిమాను తెలుగులో ప్రముఖ సినీ నిర్మాణ సంస్థలు వైరా ఎంటర్‌టైన్‌మెంట్స్, SRT ఎంటర్‌టైన్‌మెంట్స్‌పై డాక్టర్ విజయేందర్ రెడ్డి




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Ricky Ponting hits back at Gautam Gambhir's 'minding own business' advice, says, 'He is...'

India's head coach Gautam Gambhir has sparked a fiery exchange with former Australian captain Ricky Ponting. The situation got worse after Ponting raised concerns about Virat Kohli's recent form




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Vicky Kaushal 'gives goosebumps' as Chiranjeevi Parashurama in Dinesh Vijan's Mahavatar, fans call him 'next big thing'

Vicky Kaushal shakes the internet with his new look as Chiranjeevi Parashurama in the new film titled Mahavatar.




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Ban on flying drones on CM’s convoy route




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Puducherry receives 121.8 mm rainfall till Wednesday morning




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Crude oil futures gain amid near-term supply tightness 

At 9.57 am on Wednesday, January Brent oil futures were at $72.04, up by 0.21%, and December crude oil futures on WTI (West Texas Intermediate) were at $68.25, up by 0.19%.




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Higher domestic output, demand squeeze drag India’s edible oil imports by 5 lakh tonnes in 2023-24

Oilseeds output will likely increase by 3.5 million tonnes in 2024-25 season




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Centre notifies guidelines for prevention of misleading ads in coaching sector

Coaching institutes cannot make false claims, create false sense of urgency or use selected candidates information and pics without consent in advertisements




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'Warfare will soon be between machines and humans'

Chief of Defence Staff Gen Anil Chauhan on Tuesday underlined the evolving nature of warfare and said a combat has always been between humans but now the world is going to enter an era in which it may be between a machine and human being and later between machines.




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Dallas - Business Forecast Luncheon 2005 (The University of Chicago)


Today the University of Chicago held its Business Forecast 2005 at the Mansion on Turtle Creek in Dallas. Excellent talks. Prognosticators were:

Robert Z. Aliber Professor of International Economics and Finance Emeritus, Chicago GSB. Director, Center for Studies in International Finance. Formerly Senior Economic Advisor, Agency for Economic Development, U.S. Department of State.

and

Harvey Rosenblum Senior Vice President and Director of Research of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. Economic Policy Advisor to the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. Associate Economist for the Federal Open Market Committee.

My key notes from Harvey Rosenblum's talk (my key takeaways: be thankful, be wary):

  • Shocks that happened since the late 90s - surprised they haven't sent us into a deep depression
  • Y2K overspending and then drop in spending
  • Loss of wealth due to stock market crash
  • 2001 World Trade Center
  • 2001 Corporate scandals (Enron, MCI, etc.) drove up cost of capital
  • Sarbanes-Oxley caused unintended consequences where all public companies now have to bear significant costs of implementing S-O compliance, etc. where only 2% of public companies may have problems
  • Iraq war
  • It is surprising we (United States) are not in a depression
  • Credits attributed to good monetary policy and fiscal policy
  • Additionally deregulation has provided the US markets with flexibility to weather these shocks
  • Growth 3-4%, inflation low, unemployment dropping
  • President Bush, while Time's Man of the Year, didn't get enough credit for just in time fiscal policy
  • Long bond rate "conundrum" exists, but the economy appears to be in a zone of price stability
  • Interest yield curves are flat, but history shows that if these tip then 1 year after that there will be a recession
  • Need to watch yield curve. Some concern if Fed follows historical raise rate policies there will be problems.

My key notes from Robert Aliber's talk (my key takeaways: international policy is biggest issue, trade deficit bigger concern than budget deficit, international shocks translate into the United States importing issues as the trade deficit):

  • $600 billion hole is trade deficit
  • 25 year slide of US dollar against Yen & Swiss (which basically means Europe)
  • Thus, we have sharp slide of dollar yet the trade deficit is increasing?? (rarely happens)
  • Perspective on why this is happening. When financial crisis occurs in other countries, it shows up as an import to our trade deficit (i.e., our deficit grows)
  • China's investment boom slowing because of evergreen finance (essentially loans being made, accruing interest, but funny money since no one is paying interest)
  • Going to be a problem in the future.
  • Turning back to international trade as a whole (not specific to China), the asset price bubble may burst if US puts in import controls.
  • Housing market may have some issues. Did we see the Las Vegas numbers?

One question I had in my mind after this talk was that I understood venture capitalists in the States to be eager to do deals in China. That said, given what I heard today, I would be wary of the propsect of things going south for investments in China in a timeframe that would be shorter than the investment horizon of a VC.

Steve Shu
Managing Director
S4 Management Group
Email: sshu@s4management.com
Web: http://www.s4management.com




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The Pierre Statement on Biblical Doctrines by confessing Christians - Contact: David - David_Anson_Brown@Hotmail.com

Note: once the current article 'Areas and Doctrines' is adequately summarized with about 25 Areas and Doctrines that are central and relevant to the Christian faith - The article is going to be made open to participation from others and for group (roundtable) discussion - Then a more finalized version of the article will be published similar to 'The Chicago Statement on Biblical Application' though with the working title of 'The Pierre Statement on Biblical Doctrines' by confessing Christians - The publishing of the document 'The Pierre Statement on Biblical Doctrines' by confessing Christians should be able to be accomplished sometime within 2012 - I'll update the post with an email that people can contact me with regarding the Pierre Statement on Biblical Doctrines - All the best, God bless everyone ~ David Anson Brown




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Basic Christian: blog Bible Study - Genesis - Revelation (PDF)

The complete Through the Bible blog Bible Study in PDF format.




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Holiness Movement at a Crossroads - By the late 19th century, the Wesleyan-Holiness Movement floundered at the edge of a sectarian snakepit, divided by race, region, and national boundaries - Yet from this doubtful setting, the Church of the Nazarene aros

Early in the 19th century, Sarah Lankford combined the women's prayer groups of two Methodist in New York City to create the Tuesday Meeting for the Promotion of Holiness. That action, coupled with the publication of Boston pastor Timothy Merritt's Guide to Christian Perfection, marked the Holiness Movement's advent. ... John Inskip, J.A. Wood, and other Methodist clergy initiated a new phase of the movement after the Civil War. The National Camp Meeting Association for the Promotion of Holiness fostered specialized meetings throughout the United States. But Inskip was dead by 1890, while Wood had retired to California and preached occasionally from Phineas Bresee's pulpit. A democratic spirit pervaded the Holiness Movement. Bishops could control Methodist clergy but not the laity who led many local, county, and state Holiness associations. Some were headed by women excluded from leadership in other areas. Independent-minded evangelicals defied the Methodist Discipline and used a local preacher's license as authority to conduct revivals, even competing with local pastors. By century's end, the Wesleyan-Holiness Movement included sectarian "come-outers," "put-outers" dismissed from their churches, and Methodist loyalists. The fragmenting Holiness revival posed daunting questions: would anyone--could anyone--gather the pieces?



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 4. 1881 A.D. to Present (2012) - Corrupt modern bible translations and compromised Seminaries and Universities

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Johannes Gutenberg - His early training was in goldsmithing - Gutenberg had the idea of utilizing techniques of metalworking, such as casting, punch-cutting, and stamping, for the mass production of books. European books at this time were hand written by

Johannes Gutenberg was born into a noble family of the city of Mainz, Germany. His early training was in goldsmithing. In 1428, he moved to Strasbourg for political reasons, where he remained for over 20 years. It was in Strasbourg that he probably made his first experiments with moveable type. -- Gutenberg had the idea of utilizing techniques of metalworking, such as casting, punch-cutting, and stamping, for the mass production of books. European books at this time were hand written by scribes in a gothic script with many flourishes and ligatures (interconnected letter pairs). To reproduce this "look" Gutenberg fashioned a font of over 300 characters, far larger than the fonts of today. To make this possible, he invented the variable-width mold, and perfected the blend of lead, antimony, and tin used by type foundries up to the present century. -- Many years of Gutenberg's life are lost to history, but by 1450 he was back in Mainz at work on a printing press. Between 1450 and 1455, while preparing to produce a large folio Latin Bible, Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books, a calendar, and a papal Letter of Indulgence. The Bible of 42 lines, the oldest surviving printed book in the western world, was completed by August 15, 1456, and while it is now credited to Gutenberg, he appears to have been relieved of his supervisory position, and his press, before the time of its publication. In fact, no printed material was ever credited to Gutenberg during his lifetime. -- Gutenberg is also believed to have worked on the Catholicon of Johannes de Janua, an enormous encyclopedia: 748 pages in two columns of 66 lines each. In later years, he received a position as a courtier to the archbishop of Mainz, and was buried in the town's Franciscan church.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire

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Wikipedia: Johannes Gutenberg (1398 - February 3, 1468) was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer and publisher who probably introduced movable type to Europe, and is likely to have developed the earliest European printing press - He is sometimes said to have

Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and may well have been refined and perfected by others. The process quickly replaced most of the manuscript methods of book-production throughout the world. Woodblock printing and manuscript rubrication continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process. His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible. -- Legacy: Although Gutenberg was financially unsuccessful in his lifetime, the printing technologies spread quickly, and news and books began to travel across Europe much faster than before. It fed the growing Renaissance, and since it greatly facilitated scientific publishing, it was a major catalyst for the later scientific revolution. The capital of printing in Europe shifted to Venice, where visionary printers like Aldus Manutius ensured widespread availability of the major Greek and Latin texts. The claims of an Italian origin for movable type have also focused on this rapid rise of Italy in movable-type printing. This may perhaps be explained by the prior eminence of Italy in the paper and printing trade. Additionally, Italy's economy was growing rapidly at the time, facilitating the spread of literacy. Christopher Columbus had a geographical book (printed by movable types) bought by his father. That book is in a Spanish museum. Finally, the city of Mainz was sacked in 1462, driving many (including a number of printers and punch cutters) into exile. -- **Printing was also a factor in the Reformation. Martin Luther's 95 Theses were printed and circulated widely; subsequently he issued broadsheets outlining his anti-indulgences position (certificates of indulgences were one of the first items Gutenberg had printed). The broadsheet contributed to development of the newspaper. -- In the decades after Gutenberg, many conservative patrons looked down on cheap printed books; books produced by hand were considered more desirable. Today there is a large antique market for the earliest printed objects. Books printed prior to 1500 are known as incunabula. There are many statues of Gutenberg in Germany, including the famous one by Bertel Thorvaldsen (1837) in Mainz, home to the eponymous Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and the Gutenberg Museum on the history of early printing. The later publishes the Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, the leading periodical in the field. Project Gutenberg [www.gutenberg.org], the oldest digital library [of FREE eBooks], commemorates Gutenberg's name. In 1961 the Canadian philosopher and scholar Marshall McLuhan entitled his pioneering study in the fields of print culture, cultural studies, and media ecology, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. Gutenberg remains a towering figure in the popular image. In 1999, the A&E Network ranked Gutenberg the No. 1 most influential person of the second millennium on their "Biographies of the Millennium" countdown. In 1997, Time-Life magazine picked Gutenberg's invention as the most important of the second millennium. In space, he is commemorated in the name of the asteroid 777 Gutemberga. A French opera on his life, by Philippe Manoury, was staged in Strasbourg in September 2011.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire

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King Charlemagne (742 - 814 A.D.) the "Father of Europe" - The greatest of medieval kings was born in 742 A.D., at a place unknown, he was of German blood and speech - To the medieval mind, only King Arthur vied with Charlemagne as the finest ex

King Charlemagne: The greatest of medieval kings was born in 742, at a place unknown. He was of German blood and speech, and shared some characteristics of his people- strength of body, courage of spirit, pride of race, and a crude simplicity many centuries apart from the urbane polish of the modern French. He had little book learning; read only a few books- but good ones; tried in his old age to learn writing, but never quite succeeded; yet he could speak old Teutonic and literary Latin, and understood Greek. In 771 Carloman II died, and Charles at twenty-nine became sole king. Two years later he received from Pope Hadrian II an urgent appeal for aid against the Lombard Desiderius, who was invading the papal states. Charlemagne besieged and took Pavia, assumed the crown of Lombardy, confirmed the Donation of Pepin, and accepted the role of protector of the Church in all her temporal powers. -- Returning to his capital at Aachen, he began a series of fifty-three campaigns- nearly all led in person- designed to round out his empire by conquering and Christianizing Bavaria and Saxony, destroying the troublesome Avars, shielding Italy from the raiding Saracens, and strengthening the defenses of Francia against the expanding Moors of Spain. The Saxons on his eastern frontier were pagans; they had burned down a Christian church, and made occasional incursions into Gaul; these reasons sufficed Charlemagne for eighteen campaigns (772-804), waged with untiring ferocity on both sides. Charles gave the conquered Saxons a choice between baptism and death, and had 4500 Saxon rebels beheaded in one day; after which he proceeded to Thionville to celebrate the nativity of Christ. -- The empire [of Europe] was divided into counties, each governed in spiritual matters by a bishop or archbishop, and in secular affairs by a comes (companion- of the king) or count. A local assembly of landholders convened twice or thrice a year in each provincial capital to pass upon the government of the region, and serve as a provincial court of appeals. The dangerous frontier counties, or marches, had special governors- graf, margrave, or markherzog; Roland of Roncesvalles, for example, was governor of the Breton march. All local administration was subject to missi dominici- "emissaries of the master"- sent by Charlemagne to convey his wishes to local officials, to review their actions, judgments, and accounts; to check bribery, extortion, nepotism, and exploitation, to receive complaints and remedy wrongs, to protect "the Church, the poor, and wards and widows, and the whole people"from malfeasance or tyranny, and to report to the King the condition of the realm; the Capitulare missorum establishing these emissaries was a Magna Carta for the people, four centuries before England's Magna Carta for the aristocracy. That this capitulary meant what it said appears from the case of the duke of Istria, who, being accused by the missi of divers injustices and extortions, was forced by the King to restore his thievings, compensate every wronged man, publicly confess his crimes, and give security against their repetition. ... (Charlemagne) had four successive wives and five mistresses or concubines. His abounding vitality made him extremely sensitive to feminine charms; and his women preferred a share in him to the monopoly of any other man. His harem bore him some eighteen children, of whom eight were legitimate. -- The ecclesiastics [priests] of the court and of Rome winked leniently at the Moslem [Muslim] morals of so Christian a king. He was now head of an empire far greater than the Byzantine, surpassed, in the white man's world, only by the realm of the Abbasid caliphate. But every extended frontier of empire or knowledge opens up new problems. Western Europe had tried to protect itself from the Germans by taking them into its civilization; but now Germany had to be protected against the Norse and the Slavs. The Vikings had by 800 A.D. established a kingdom in Jutland, and were raiding the Frisian coast. Charles hastened up from Rome, built fleets and forts on shores and rivers, and stationed garrisons at danger points. In 810 the king of Jutland invaded Frisia and was repulsed; but shortly thereafter, if we may follow the chronicle of the Monk of St. Gall, Charlemagne, from his palace at Narbonne, was shocked to see Danish pirate vessels in the Gulf of Lyons. Perhaps because he foresaw, like Diocletian, that his overreaching empire needed quick defense at many points at once, he divided it in 806 among his three sons- Pepin, Louis, and Charles. But Pepin died in 810, Charles in 811; only Louis remained, so absorbed in piety as to seem unfit to govern a rough and treacherous world. Nevertheless, in 813, at a solemn ceremony, Louis was elevated from the rank of king to that of emperor, and the old monarch uttered his nunc dimittis: "Blessed be Thou, O Lord God, Who hast granted me the grace to see with my own eyes my son seated on my throne!" -- Death: Four months later, wintering at Aachen, he was seized with a high fever, and developed pleurisy. He tried to cure himself by taking only liquids; but after an illness of seven days he died, in the forty-seventh year of his reign and the seventy-second year of his life (814 A.D.). He was buried under the dome of the cathedral at Aachen, dressed in his imperial robes. Soon all the world called him Carolus Magnus, Karl der Grosse, Charlemagne; and in 1165 A.D., when time had washed away all memory of his mistresses, the Church which he had served so well enrolled him among the blessed.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire