A solar-hybrid mini-grid project is underway in Tanzania.

2020 Honda Pilot vs. 2020 Ford Explorer: Compare Crossover SUVs Two of the bestselling three-row SUVs, the 2020 Honda Pilot and 2020 Ford Explorer, go about their family business a bit differently. Pickup trucks outsell cars for the first time, and it may not be temporary The Ford F-150, Ram 1500, and Chevy Silverado have been the best-selling...

Sales of which electric car plunged the steepest leading into the U.S. pandemic slowdown? Which automaker reaffirmed its commitment to hydrogen fuel cells? This is our look back at the Week In Reverse—right here at Green Car Reports—for the week ending May 8, 2020. Our biggest combination of stories this week related to the most...

Buyers of Volkswagen or Audi hybrids will find themselves getting yet another sales pitch as they leave a U.S. dealership next year -- to buy a home power network that allows them to charge their new cars using only solar power.

Single-cross hybrids have been critical to the improvement of maize (Zea mays L.), but the characterization of their genetic architectures remains challenging. Previous studies of hybrid maize have shown the contribution of within-locus complementation effects (dominance) and their differential importance across functional classes of loci. However, they have generally considered panels of limited genetic diversity, and have shown little benefit from genomic prediction based on dominance or functional enrichments. This study investigates the relevance of dominance and functional classes of variants in genomic models for agronomic traits in diverse populations of hybrid maize. We based our analyses on a diverse panel of inbred lines crossed with two testers representative of the major heterotic groups in the U.S. (1106 hybrids), as well as a collection of 24 biparental populations crossed with a single tester (1640 hybrids). We investigated three agronomic traits: days to silking (DTS), plant height (PH), and grain yield (GY). Our results point to the presence of dominance for all traits, but also among-locus complementation (epistasis) for DTS and genotype-by-environment interactions for GY. Consistently, dominance improved genomic prediction for PH only. In addition, we assessed enrichment of genetic effects in classes defined by genic regions (gene annotation), structural features (recombination rate and chromatin openness), and evolutionary features (minor allele frequency and evolutionary constraint). We found support for enrichment in genic regions and subsequent improvement of genomic prediction for all traits. Our results suggest that dominance and gene annotations improve genomic prediction across diverse populations in hybrid maize.

Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and it remains underdiagnosed in Burkina Faso. We investigated the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for detecting M. leprae in 27 skin samples (skin biopsy samples, slit skin samples, and skin lesion swabs) collected from 21 patients from Burkina Faso and three from Côte d’Ivoire who were suspected of having cutaneous leprosy. In all seven Ziehl-Neelsen-positive skin samples (four skin biopsy samples and three skin swabs collected from the same patient), FISH specifically identified M. leprae, including one FISH-positive skin biopsy sample that remained negative after testing with PCR targeting the rpoB gene and with the GenoType LepraeDR assay. Twenty other skin samples and three negative controls all remained negative for Ziehl-Neelsen staining, FISH, and rpoB PCR. These data indicate the usefulness of a microscopic examination of skin samples after FISH for first-line diagnosis of cutaneous leprosy. Accordingly, FISH represents a potentially useful point-of-care test for the diagnosis of cutaneous leprosy.

Asja Guzman, Rachel C. Avard, Alexander J. Devanny, Oh Sang Kweon, and Laura J. Kaufman

The study of cancer cell invasion in 3D environments in vitro has revealed a variety of invasive modes, including amoeboid migration, characterized by primarily round cells that invade in a protease- and adhesion-independent manner. Here, we delineate a contractility-dependent migratory mode of primarily round breast cancer cells that is associated with extensive integrin-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization that occurs at membrane blebs, with bleb necks sites of integrin clustering and integrin-dependent ECM alignment. We show that the spatiotemporal distribution of blebs and their utilization for ECM reorganization is mediated by functional β1 integrin receptors and other components of focal adhesions. Taken together, the work presented here characterizes a migratory mode of primarily round cancer cells in complex 3D environments and reveals a fundamentally new function for membrane blebs in cancer cell invasion.

When we critically assess the reason for the current dominance of ⁶⁸Ga-labeled peptides and peptide-like ligands in radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine, we have to conclude that the major advantage of such radiopharmaceuticals is the apparent lack of suitable ¹⁸F-labeling technologies with proven clinical relevance. To prepare and to subsequently perform a clinical proof-of-concept study on the general suitability of silicon-fluoride-acceptor (SiFA)–conjugated radiopharmaceuticals, we developed inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that are labeled by isotopic exchange (IE). To compensate for the pronounced lipophilicity of the SiFA unit, we used metal chelates, conjugated in close proximity to SiFA. Six different radiohybrid PSMA ligands (rhPSMA ligands) were evaluated and compared with the commonly used ¹⁸F-PSMA inhibitors ¹⁸F-DCFPyL and ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007. Methods: All inhibitors were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Human serum albumin binding was measured by affinity high-performance liquid chromatography, whereas the lipophilicity of each tracer was determined by the n-octanol/buffer method. In vitro studies (IC₅₀, internalization) were performed on LNCaP cells. Biodistribution studies were conducted on LNCaP tumor–bearing male CB-17 SCID mice. Results: On the laboratory scale (starting activities, 0.2–9.0 GBq), labeling of ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-5 to -10 by IE was completed in < 20 min (radiochemical yields, 58% ± 9%; radiochemical purity, >97%) with molar activities of 12–60 GBq/μmol. All rhPSMAs showed low nanomolar affinity and high internalization by PSMA-expressing cells when compared with the reference radiopharmaceuticals, medium-to-low lipophilicity, and high human serum albumin binding. Biodistribution studies in LNCaP tumor–bearing mice revealed high tumor uptake, sufficiently fast clearance kinetics from blood, low hepatobiliary excretion, fast renal excretion, and very low uptake of ¹⁸F activity in bone. Conclusion: The novel ¹⁸F-rhPSMA radiopharmaceuticals developed under the radiohybrid concept show equal or better targeting characteristics than the established ¹⁸F-PSMA tracers ¹⁸F-DCFPyL and ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007. The unparalleled simplicity of production, the possibility to produce the identical ⁶⁸Ga-labeled ¹⁹F-⁶⁸Ga-rhPSMA tracers, and the possibility to extend this concept to true theranostic radiohybrid radiopharmaceuticals, such as F-Lu-rhPSMA, are unique features of these radiopharmaceuticals.

Radiohybrid PSMA (rhPSMA) ligands, a new class of theranostic prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–targeting agents, feature fast ¹⁸F synthesis and utility for labeling with radiometals. Here, we assessed the biodistribution and image quality of ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7 to determine the best imaging time point for patients with prostate cancer. Methods: In total, 202 prostate cancer patients who underwent a clinically indicated ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7 PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed, and 12 groups based on the administered activity and uptake time of PET scanning were created: 3 administered activities (low, 222–296 MBq; moderate, 297–370 MBq; and high, 371–444 MBq) and 4 uptake time points (short, 50–70 min; intermediate, 71–90 min; long, 91–110 min; and extra long, ≥111 min). For quantitative analyses, SUV_mean and organ- or tumor-to-background ratio were determined for background, healthy organs, and 3 representative tumor lesions. Qualitative analyses assessed overall image quality, nonspecific blood-pool activity, and background uptake in bone or marrow using 3- or 4-point scales. Results: In quantitative analyses, SUV_mean showed a significant decrease in the blood pool and lungs and an increase in the kidneys, bladder, and bones as the uptake time increased. SUV_mean showed a trend to increase in the blood pool and bones as the administered activity increased. However, no significant differences were found in 377 tumor lesions with respect to the administered activity or uptake time. In qualitative analyses, the overall image quality was stable along with the uptake time, but the proportion rated to have good image quality decreased as the administered activity increased. All other qualitative image parameters showed no significant differences for the administered activities, but they showed significant trends with increasing uptake time: less nonspecific blood activity, more frequent background uptake in the bone marrow, and increased negative impact on clinical decision making. Conclusion: The biodistribution of ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7 was similar to that of established PSMA ligands, and tumor uptake of ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7 was stable across the administered activities and uptake times. An early imaging time point (50–70 min) is recommended for ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7 PET/CT to achieve the highest overall image quality.

ABSTRACT

Interspecific hybridization can drive evolutionary adaptation to novel environments. The Saccharomycotina clade of budding yeasts includes many hybrid lineages, and hybridization has been proposed as a source for new pathogenic species. Candida orthopsilosis is an emerging opportunistic pathogen for which most clinical isolates are hybrids, each derived from one of at least four independent crosses between the same two parental lineages. To gain insight into the transcriptomic aftermath of hybridization in these pathogens, we analyzed allele-specific gene expression in two independently formed hybrid strains and in a homozygous strain representative of one parental lineage. Our results show that the effect of hybridization on overall gene expression is rather limited, affecting ~4% of the genes studied. However, we identified a larger effect in terms of imbalanced allelic expression, affecting ~9.5% of the heterozygous genes in the hybrids. This effect was larger in the hybrid with more extensive loss of heterozygosity, which may indicate a tendency to avoid loss of heterozygosity in these genes. Consistently, the number of shared genes with allele-specific expression in the two independently formed hybrids was higher than random expectation, suggesting selective retention. Some of the imbalanced genes have functions related to pathogenicity, including zinc transport and superoxide dismutase activities. While it remains unclear whether the observed imbalanced genes play a role in virulence, our results suggest that differences in allele-specific expression may add an additional layer of phenotypic plasticity to traits related to virulence in C. orthopsilosis hybrids.

IMPORTANCE How new pathogens emerge is an important question that remains largely unanswered. Some emerging yeast pathogens are hybrids originated through the crossing of two different species, but how hybridization contributes to higher virulence is unclear. Here, we show that hybrids selectively retain gene regulation plasticity inherited from the two parents and that this plasticity affects genes involved in virulence.

As an alternative to lifelong insulin supplementation, potentiation of immune tolerance in patients with type 1 diabetes could prevent the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells. This study was aimed to assess whether the G3c monoclonal antibody (mAb), which triggers the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (Gitr) costimulatory receptor, promotes the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in SV129 (wild-type) and diabetic-prone NOD mice. The delivery of the G3c mAb via G3C hybridoma cells enveloped in alginate-based microcapsules (G3C/cps) for 3 weeks induced Foxp3⁺ Treg-cell expansion in the spleen of wild-type mice but not in Gitr^–/– mice. G3C/cps also induced the expansion of nonconventional Cd4⁺Cd25^–/lowFoxp3^lowGitr^int/high (GITR single-positive [sp]) Tregs. Both Cd4⁺Cd25⁺Gitr^highFoxp3⁺ and GITRsp Tregs (including also antigen-specific cells) were expanded in the spleen and pancreas of G3C/cps-treated NOD mice, and the number of intact islets was higher in G3C/cps-treated than in empty cps-treated and untreated animals. Consequently, all but two G3C/cps-treated mice did not develop diabetes and all but one survived until the end of the 24-week study. In conclusion, long-term Gitr triggering induces Treg expansion, thereby delaying/preventing diabetes development in NOD mice. This therapeutic approach may have promising clinical potential for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

MPs have approved hybrid proceedings in the House of Commons with some MPs set to attend via video link amid the coronavirus lockdown.

(MedPage Today) -- A "hybrid convergent" surgical-plus-transcatheter procedure was better than endocardial catheter ablation alone for treating refractory atrial fibrillation (Afib) in the CONVERGE randomized trial. Additional ablation of the...

A new kind of hybrid generator promises to double the power output for the same surface area, by also harvesting energy from ocean currents.

Photo: Michael Graham Richard. Click to see 2010 Toyota Prius Slideshow.2010 Toyota^ Prius Hybrid: Hello WorldAfter some not too suspenseful waiting, here it is. The official debut of the 3rd generation Toyota Prius hybrid! You can see tons of

Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain 2004 to 2009 Prius Included in Toyota's September 2009 Recall Toyota has just announced a huge recall. About 3.8 million vehicles are included, and that includes the 2004 to 2009 Prius hybrid. Since that's probably a

Photo: Michael Graham RichardPrius Might Become a Family, 8 New Hybrid Models ComingMaybe the rumors that have been floating around for a long time were true... Toyota said during its press event at the 2010 Detroit Auto Show that they are considering

Photo: Michael Graham Richard Twice As Much as 2009 Hybrid Production According to the Nikkei, Toyota is planning to ramp up hybrid vehicle production pretty significantly this year, with a goal of production 1 million hybrids annually in 2011 (up from

Photo: Toyota Ouch We all knew it was coming, but now it's official. Toyota has formally filed a voluntary recall for 437,000 hybrid vehicles worldwide. Most of those are third generation Prius hybrids, but they're also recalling the few Prius PHEV out

Apologies for the bad Photoshop job... Photo: Zipcar Logo, Toyota Less Than 1% of Zipcar Fleet, But... I'm pretty sure that many TreeHugger readers are also Zipcar customers (car-sharing in general is booming), and chances are that with that crowd, the

OK, affordable might be a bit of an overstatement, unless you're one of the richer tree huggers out there. We've told you before about Mercedes-Benz's hybrid S400,

A recently opened power plant in the Nevada desert uses two types of renewable energy.

The Austrian system can build at 30 storey high-rise in thirty days

They are going to be autonomous taxis. Is this a good idea?

The rare metal is now worth US $1,700 an ounce.

The GeoSpring hybrid electric water heater is not only super-efficient, it's being made in America at a plant that has lay idle for decades.

Taking advantage of the Federal stimulus package, Maryland's Governor O'Malley announced the State's intention to purchase hybrid 100 hybrid diesel/electric buses for $62 million.

At TreeHugger, we like to keep things realistic, raise a skeptical eyebrow to potential vaporware, and to keep in check our giddy inner children that get sweaty palms when we see something like the VentureOne. After all, a bright idea, some capital, and

Anticipation hangs palpably ahead of the Frankfurt International Motor Show: what will German engineers bring to the green table? After bucking the trend for several years in favor of the already well-established "clean diesel" technology, German car

Ed. note: This is now the fifth post in the Green Basics series of posts that TreeHugger is writing to provide basic information about important ideas, materials and technologies for new greenies (or those who just need a quick refresher). Read on and

As it turns out, personal energy choices can be contagious.

Artist Jessica Rath uses sculpture and photography to highlight the problem with new hybrid apples and endangered varieties.

An existing 1960s studio apartment in Melbourne has been transformed into a more efficient one-bedroom apartment.

The SolarMill, a 1.2 kW combination wind and solar energy system, will be sold in the U.S. for about $3000.

The non-profit has made three new announcements at CES this year, one of which is the OLPC 4.0 that switches from laptop to tablet and back.

Ulmart’s stunning growth continues unabated as sales for the first six months of 2014 were up 31% in a year-on-year comparison. Sequential quarterly growth increased by 47%.

2017 Hyundai IONIQ Hybrid Dynamic B-roll

Genesis Reveals Hybrid Sports Sedan Concept At New York International Auto Show