frame Metal–organic frameworks constructed using acid–base mixed ligands, carboxylic acids and N-containing chalcone, and their catalytic performance for Knoevenagel condensation By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: New J. Chem., 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D3NJ05164A, PaperLimin Cheng, Junyong Zhang, Caihong Zhan, Hao Xu, Chunhua Gong, Jingli XieMOF materials constructed using acid–base mixed ligands serve as efficient and economical porous heterogeneous catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Metal–organic framework-derived mesoporous Co3O4 with high specific surface area for enhanced xylene sensing By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: New J. Chem., 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4NJ01096E, PaperLiwen Wang, Guanghui Zhang, Ruishu Zhang, Siqi Yang, Wenjuan Huang, Xiangbai ChenCo3O4 hollow polyhedra have a high specific surface area and mesoporous structure. The Co3O4 gas sensor has excellent sensing performance and selectivity for xylene.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Adsorption isotherms of enantiomers on a chiral open-framework copper borophosphate LiCu2[BP2O8(OH)2] By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: New J. Chem., 2024, 48,7189-7196DOI: 10.1039/D4NJ00314D, PaperZhanna D. Uteeva, Raul U. Sadykov, Diana O. Bagdanova, Marat R. Agliullin, Vladimir Yu. GuskovThe chiral recognition during adsorption in pores with only supramolecular (not molecular) chirality was shown for the first time on zeotype material copper borophosphate LiCu2[BP2O8(OH)2].The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Nanopolyhedral Zn/Fe-NC derived from bimetallic zeolitic imidazole frameworks as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in an air-cathode microbial fuel cell By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: New J. Chem., 2024, 48,7092-7101DOI: 10.1039/D3NJ05279F, PaperQianwu Wang, Jingzhao Lu, Songlin Liu, Boqu Yu, Bolong LiangThe synergistic effect of Zn, N and moderate Fe doping enhances the ORR performance. The maximum power density of the Zn/Fe-NC-0.5 MFC is 1954 ± 20 mW m−2.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Design of Fe and N co-decorated biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon frameworks with boosted oxidase-like activity for hydroquinone detection By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: New J. Chem., 2024, 48,7197-7204DOI: 10.1039/D4NJ00509K, PaperHan Zhang, Xiaodan Qi, Zhifei Wang, Lihua Jin, Yehua ShenAn Fe and N co-decorated biomass-derived porous carbon framework with boosted oxidase-like activity was prepared and applied to sensitive hydroquinone detection.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks with extended conjugate systems for boosted photocatalytic degradation By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: New J. Chem., 2024, 48,7213-7224DOI: 10.1039/D4NJ00610K, PaperXiaojuan Bai, YiLin Xin, Tianqi Jia, Linlong Guo, Wei Song, Derek HaoA schematic mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation process of SMX by solvothermal synthesis of hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Highly radiation-resistant Al-MOF selected based on the radiation stability rules of metal–organic frameworks with ultra-high thorium ion adsorption capacity By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4EN00076E, PaperXiaofan Ding, Zhanjun Zhang, Xinyan Li, Ke Ma, Tiantian Jin, Zhaoning Feng, Tian Lan, Jing Zhao, Songtao XiaoAl-MOF synthesized based on MOF irradiation stability rules exhibits high stability against β-irradiation and ultra-high thorium adsorption capacity, which proves its huge potential application value in the field of radionuclide adsorption.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Two multifunctional Dy(III)-based metal–organic frameworks exhibiting proton conduction, magnetic properties and second-harmonic generation By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: CrystEngComm, 2024, 26,2033-2042DOI: 10.1039/D4CE00065J, PaperYa-Qing Liao, Tian-Zheng Xiong, Kang-Le Xie, Huan Zhang, Jun-Jie Hu, He-Rui WenTwo novelty Dy-MOFs were synthesized using H4DTTP-2OMe ligand. MOF 1 displays a more superior proton conductivity, field-induced single molecule magnets behavior and obvious second-order nonlinear optical properties.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Extended isomerism in heteronuclear metal-organic frameworks: synthetic strategies and crystal structures of lanthanide-cobalt-oxydiacetate systems By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: CrystEngComm, 2024, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D4CE00168K, PaperFernando Igoa, Agustín López Cabrera, Javier Gonzalez-Platas, Leopoldo Suescun, Carlos Kremer, Julia TorresHere, we present the synthesis and crystal structure of a series of heteronuclear metal-organic frameworks, which consists of cobalt(II) and lanthanide(III) ions or yttrium(III), connected by oxydiacetato (oda2-) as ligand....The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Enantioselective enrichment of chiral 1-phenylethanol in the camphor-based chiral metal–organic framework CFA-22 By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: CrystEngComm, 2024, 26,2051-2055DOI: 10.1039/D4CE00181H, CommunicationRichard Röβ-Ohlenroth, Katharina Knippen, Maryana Kraft, Dirk VolkmerThe novel enantioselective CFA-22 metal–organic frameworks were successfully developed and investigated for chiral adsorption separation of e.g. racemic 1-phenylethanol.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Ionic liquid-functionalized metal organic frameworks and their composite membranes for enhanced proton transport By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: CrystEngComm, 2024, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D4CE00186A, HighlightJeong Hwa Song, Seyoung Koo, Dong Won KangPost-synthetic modification is gaining prominence as a highly effective strategy for enhancing the functionality of porous materials without significant structural changes. Recently, there is growing interest in research focusing on...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A stable metal azolate framework with rare nonintersecting one-/two-dimensional pore channels By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: CrystEngComm, 2024, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D4CE00318G, CommunicationHeng Yi, Mu-Yang Zhou, Le Ye, Xiao-Tong Lu, Dong-Dong Zhou, Jie-Peng ZhangIt is challenging to design and synthesize stable crystalline structures with heterogeneous pores. Herein, we design and synthesize a new azole ligand with rich aromatic moieties and trifluoromethyl groups, and...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Facile syntheses, structures and photocatalytic properties of 3D iodoargentate frameworks derived from TM-flexible-amino-ligand templates By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: CrystEngComm, 2024, 26,2172-2179DOI: 10.1039/D4CE00247D, PaperYan Gao, Xiao Yang, Taohong Ren, Dingxian Jia3D iodoargentates [Co(en)3(Ag2I4)]n (1), [Fe(en)3(Ag2I4)]n (2) and [Co(dien)2(Ag2I4)]n·nH2O (3) were prepared by solvothermal methods. Compounds 1–3 were catalytic activity for photodegradation of crystal violet under visible light irradiation.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A highly stable hydrogen-bonded organic framework for hydrogen storage By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: CrystEngComm, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4CE00245H, CommunicationJeong Hwa Song, Byeong Hak Jeon, Dong Won KangMultiple hydrogen bonds construct a porous crystalline network, known as a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF), which can store a moderate amount of hydrogen gas.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A framework for detection, measurement, and welfare analysis of platform bias [electronic resource] / Imke Reimers, Joel Waldfogel By darius.uleth.ca Published On :: Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research 2023 Full Article
frame ICONIC frame! Rohit Sharma meets Iker Casillas By www.rediff.com Published On :: Sat, 05 Oct 2024 16:26:17 +0530 It was a star-studded evening at Abu Dhabi as Rohit Sharma met Iker Casillas at the NBA Games 2024 in Abu Dhabi on Friday. Full Article
frame Hong Kong unveils responsible AI framework for financial sector By www.thehindu.com Published On :: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 15:20:41 +0530 Hong Kong’s responsible AI framework comes amid increasing international competition and tensions affecting access to AI technology Full Article Technology
frame In Frames | India at Cannes 2023 By www.thehindu.com Published On :: Fri, 26 May 2023 17:04:30 +0530 India made its presence felt at the 76th Cannes Festival through four movie screenings, accompanied by Indian celebrities, social media influencers, and even entrepreneurs representing the country Full Article Cinema
frame Helmut Newton : frames from the edge (1989) / written and directed by Adrian Maben [DVD]. By encore.st-andrews.ac.uk Published On :: Halle : ArtHaus Musik, [2013] Full Article
frame A review on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF–textile composites for personal protection By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: Mater. Chem. Front., 2024, 8,3509-3527DOI: 10.1039/D4QM00358F, Review ArticleJunmei Li, Yinan Fan, Ruigan Zhang, Demao Ban, Zhixuan Duan, Xiaoyuan Liu, Lifang LiuMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a research hotspot for effective adsorption and degradation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs).The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Tailoring the adsorption properties of imidazole-based halogen bonded organic frameworks for anionic dye removal By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: Mater. Chem. Front., 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4QM00735B, Research ArticleShumeng Wang, Hongqiang Dong, Guanfei Gong, Siyi Lin, Jiahao Zhao, Zhennan Tian, Ya Lu, Xuguan Bai, Meimei Zhang, Lu Wang, Kang-Da Zhang, Shigui ChenA novel class of [N⋯I⋯N]+ halogen-bonded XOFs were synthesized using imidazole ligands. XOF-TIB showed strong adsorption capacity and selectivity for anionic dyes, with excellent stability and reusability for environmental remediation.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Sweet MOFs: Exploring the Potential and Restraints of Integrating Carbohydrates with Metal-Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: Nanoscale Horiz., 2024, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D4NH00525B, Review Article Open Access   This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.Alessio Zuliani, Victor Ramos, Alberto Escudero, Noureddine KhiarThe unique features of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as biodegradability, reduced toxicity and high surface area offer the possibility of developing smart nanosystems for biomedical applications through the simultaneous functionalization...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Ordered crown-ether 2D framework based loose nanofiltration membranes for improved separation and stability By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D4TA06349J, CommunicationJae Jun Kim, Hui-Ran Seo, Jinseok Kim, Mun Hyeon Kim, Jinwook Park, Hyunkee Hong, Hee Joong Kim, Jong-Chan LeeLoose nanofiltration (LNF) membranes, known for high water permeability and dye/salt selectivity, have been widely used. However, LNF membranes fabricated through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly lack structural stability and uniformity. Herein,...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Modulating the band gap of a pyrazinoquinoxaline-based metal–organic framework through orbital hybridization for enhanced visible light-driven CN bond construction By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,30582-30590DOI: 10.1039/D4TA06282E, PaperZitong Chen, Linghui Cao, Aogang Liu, Pengda Liu, Yuan Chen, Juntao Yan, Bao LiAn indium-based metal–organic framework bearing a pyrazinoquinoxaline derivative is synthesized to facilitate two methods for the construction of CN bonds, and their mechanisms are investigated through detailed theoretical calculations.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Unsaturated coordination modulation and enlarged pore size in nanoflower-like metal organic frameworks for enhanced lithium–oxygen battery performance By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,30591-30600DOI: 10.1039/D4TA06346E, PaperLingwen Zhao, Juanjuan Feng, Adeel Abbas, Hao Sun, Chunlei Wang, Hongchao WangUnsaturated coordination modulation alters the discharge path and increased pore size accelerates ion exchange and oxygen transport, synergistically improving the electrochemical performance of LOBs.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame An azo-receptor immobilized mesoporous honeycomb silica framework as a solid-state chromogenic sensor for capturing ultra-trace cadmium ions from environmental/industrial samples By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,30567-30581DOI: 10.1039/D4TA04574B, PaperAnju P. Veedu, Balasurendran Jeyakumar, Akhila Maheswari Mohan, Satheesh Kuppusamy, Pitchaiah K. Chinaraga, Manjula Muthurathinam, C. V. S. Brahmananda Rao, Sivaraman Nagarajan, Prabhakaran DeivasigamaniA solid-state naked-eye sensor composed of a mesoporous honeycomb structured silica monolith impregnated with a DMTHBD receptor offers a simple, rapid and eco-benign approach for the selective sensing of trace Cd2+, with brilliant color transitions.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame One-pot spatial engineering of multi-enzymes in metal–organic frameworks for enhanced cascade activity By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,30318-30328DOI: 10.1039/D4TA06211F, PaperWenqing Fan, Kang Liang, Jieying LiangA one-pot strategy was developed for the first time to achieve the precise spatial arrangement of multiple enzymes in MOFs, improving multi-enzyme cascade efficiency.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Design and construction of porphyrin box-based metal–organic frameworks with hierarchical superstructures for efficient energy transfer and photooxidation By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,30685-30691DOI: 10.1039/D4TA05576D, PaperQian Xu, Peng Zhang, Yuanyuan Sun, Jishi Chen, Chuantao Hou, Zonghua WangA porphyrin box-based MOF with hierarchical superstructures was synthesized, exhibiting enhanced performance in singlet oxygen-mediated photooxidation.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A sustainable redox-mediated pathway for improved transition metal organic framework activation and CO2 uptake performance By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,30454-30464DOI: 10.1039/D4TA02526A, PaperTaylor Jade Self, Jiabin Niu, Wen Liu, Chaobin He, Mei Chee TanSustainable substitutions in MOF fabrication and processing can confidently be made by employing redox engineering for synergistic valency and defect constitution, based on application, without sacrificing active site functionality.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Metal–organic framework derived low-crystallinity cobalt–nitrogen–carbon electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,30409-30419DOI: 10.1039/D4TA05443A, PaperYue Cao, Shengbo Yuan, Wenbo Zhou, Yan Hai, Xiaoman Li, Min LuoNO3− and H2O molecules adsorbed on the surface of Co–N–C-500 are activated and dissociated. The generated active hydrogen species (*H) can promote the hydrogenation of the intermediates and thus increase the NH3 yield.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Ir nanoparticles decorated NiFe metal–organic framework as a highly efficient and stable heterostructure electrocatalyst for overall seawater splitting By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4TA06515H, CommunicationHefeng Wang, Zixiao Li, Zhengwei Cai, Chaoxin Yang, Shengjun Sun, Xiaoyan Wang, Min Zhang, Meng Yue, Dongdong Zheng, Asmaa Farouk, Mohamed S. Hamdy, Xuping Sun, Bo TangIr nanoparticle decorated NiFe metal–organic framework on Ni foam (Ir@NiFe-MOF/NF) acts as a bifunctional catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline seawater with excellent performance and stability.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A doubly interpenetrated perylene diimide-based zirconium metal–organic framework for selective oxidation of sulfides powered by blue light By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4TA06294A, PaperChao Wei, Ming Lu, Jing-Jing Li, Ze-Jiu Diao, Guoliang Liu, Xiao-Qin Liu, Lin-Bing SunA doubly interpenetrated perylene diimide-based zirconium metal–organic framework is developed as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for selective photocatalytic oxidation of organic sulfides powered by blue light.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A π–d conjugated metal–organic framework decorated on a MXene-carbon nanofiber as a self-standing electrode for flexible supercapacitors By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4TA06232A, PaperZahir Abbas, Shaikh M. MobinA c-MOF is grown on MX-CNF, which was prepared via electrospining method. Furthermore, it utilized for flexible supercapcitors with different flexibility angles.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Silver-incorporated NiCo metal–organic frameworks with controlled morphology for enhanced cycling in flexible supercapacitor applications By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4TC02970D, PaperChu Chu, Wenjing Zhang, Xuehua Yan, Yingnan Yan, Jianmei Pan, Zohreh Shahnavaz, Jamile Mohammadi MoradianThe specific capacitance of NCA15-MOF/NF was 1317 F g−1, which was significantly higher compared to the NCA0-MOF/NF. After 15 000 charge–discharge cycles, the NCA15-MOF/NF retained 89% of its initial specific capacitance.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Application of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives in the cathode materials of aqueous zinc-ion batteries By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4TC03273J, Review ArticlePingchun Guo, Shisong Ouyang, Hedong Jiang, Jiake Li, Hua Zhu, Yanxiang WangMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as potential candidate materials for the cathodes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. This review presents the applications of MOFs and their derivatives in the cathodes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A metal–organic framework enhanced single network organohydrogel with superior low-temperature adaptability and UV-blocking capability towards human-motion sensing By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4TC03148B, PaperYing Li, Zhongquan Yu, Jialuo Zhang, Enke Feng, Xiaoqin Li, Linan Cao, Zhiming Yang, Zhiqiang WuA UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticle reinforced organohydrogel with anti-freezing and UV-blocking properties was synthesized for sensing complex human movements and transmitting different messages even at subzero temperature.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame A comprehensive review of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their derivatives in environmental pollution control By pubs.rsc.org Published On :: Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D4CS00521J, Tutorial Review Open Access   This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.Shengbo Ge, Kexin Wei, Wanxi Peng, Runzhou Huang, Esther Akinlabi, Hongyan Xia, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Xuehua Zhang, Ben Bin Xu, Jianchun JiangCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained considerable attention due to their design possibilities as the molecular organic building blocks that can stack in an atomically precise spatial arrangement.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Full Article
frame Personalization Pyramid: A Framework for Designing with User Data By Published On :: 2022-12-08T15:00:00+00:00 As a UX professional in today’s data-driven landscape, it’s increasingly likely that you’ve been asked to design a personalized digital experience, whether it’s a public website, user portal, or native application. Yet while there continues to be no shortage of marketing hype around personalization platforms, we still have very few standardized approaches for implementing personalized UX. That’s where we come in. After completing dozens of personalization projects over the past few years, we gave ourselves a goal: could you create a holistic personalization framework specifically for UX practitioners? The Personalization Pyramid is a designer-centric model for standing up human-centered personalization programs, spanning data, segmentation, content delivery, and overall goals. By using this approach, you will be able to understand the core components of a contemporary, UX-driven personalization program (or at the very least know enough to get started). Growing tools for personalization: According to a Dynamic Yield survey, 39% of respondents felt support is available on-demand when a business case is made for it (up 15% from 2020).Source: “The State of Personalization Maturity – Q4 2021” Dynamic Yield conducted its annual maturity survey across roles and sectors in the Americas (AMER), Europe and the Middle East (EMEA), and the Asia-Pacific (APAC) regions. This marks the fourth consecutive year publishing our research, which includes more than 450 responses from individuals in the C-Suite, Marketing, Merchandising, CX, Product, and IT. Getting Started For the sake of this article, we’ll assume you’re already familiar with the basics of digital personalization. A good overview can be found here: Website Personalization Planning. While UX projects in this area can take on many different forms, they often stem from similar starting points. Common scenarios for starting a personalization project: Your organization or client purchased a content management system (CMS) or marketing automation platform (MAP) or related technology that supports personalization The CMO, CDO, or CIO has identified personalization as a goal Customer data is disjointed or ambiguous You are running some isolated targeting campaigns or A/B testing Stakeholders disagree on personalization approach Mandate of customer privacy rules (e.g. GDPR) requires revisiting existing user targeting practices Workshopping personalization at a conference. Regardless of where you begin, a successful personalization program will require the same core building blocks. We’ve captured these as the “levels” on the pyramid. Whether you are a UX designer, researcher, or strategist, understanding the core components can help make your contribution successful. From the ground up: Soup-to-nuts personalization, without going nuts. From top to bottom, the levels include: North Star: What larger strategic objective is driving the personalization program? Goals: What are the specific, measurable outcomes of the program? Touchpoints: Where will the personalized experience be served? Contexts and Campaigns: What personalization content will the user see? User Segments: What constitutes a unique, usable audience? Actionable Data: What reliable and authoritative data is captured by our technical platform to drive personalization? Raw Data: What wider set of data is conceivably available (already in our setting) allowing you to personalize? We’ll go through each of these levels in turn. To help make this actionable, we created an accompanying deck of cards to illustrate specific examples from each level. We’ve found them helpful in personalization brainstorming sessions, and will include examples for you here. Personalization pack: Deck of cards to help kickstart your personalization brainstorming. Starting at the Top The components of the pyramid are as follows: North Star A north star is what you are aiming for overall with your personalization program (big or small). The North Star defines the (one) overall mission of the personalization program. What do you wish to accomplish? North Stars cast a shadow. The bigger the star, the bigger the shadow. Example of North Starts might include: Function: Personalize based on basic user inputs. Examples: “Raw” notifications, basic search results, system user settings and configuration options, general customization, basic optimizations Feature: Self-contained personalization componentry. Examples: “Cooked” notifications, advanced optimizations (geolocation), basic dynamic messaging, customized modules, automations, recommenders Experience: Personalized user experiences across multiple interactions and user flows. Examples: Email campaigns, landing pages, advanced messaging (i.e. C2C chat) or conversational interfaces, larger user flows and content-intensive optimizations (localization). Product: Highly differentiating personalized product experiences. Examples: Standalone, branded experiences with personalization at their core, like the “algotorial” playlists by Spotify such as Discover Weekly. North star cards. These can help orient your team towards a common goal that personalization will help achieve; Also, these are useful for characterizing the end-state ambition of the presently stated personalization effort. Goals As in any good UX design, personalization can help accelerate designing with customer intentions. Goals are the tactical and measurable metrics that will prove the overall program is successful. A good place to start is with your current analytics and measurement program and metrics you can benchmark against. In some cases, new goals may be appropriate. The key thing to remember is that personalization itself is not a goal, rather it is a means to an end. Common goals include: Conversion Time on task Net promoter score (NPS) Customer satisfaction Goal cards. Examples of some common KPIs related to personalization that are concrete and measurable. Touchpoints Touchpoints are where the personalization happens. As a UX designer, this will be one of your largest areas of responsibility. The touchpoints available to you will depend on how your personalization and associated technology capabilities are instrumented, and should be rooted in improving a user’s experience at a particular point in the journey. Touchpoints can be multi-device (mobile, in-store, website) but also more granular (web banner, web pop-up etc.). Here are some examples: Channel-level Touchpoints Email: Role Email: Time of open In-store display (JSON endpoint) Native app Search Wireframe-level Touchpoints Web overlay Web alert bar Web banner Web content block Web menu Touchpoint cards. Examples of common personalization touchpoints: these can vary from narrow (e.g., email) to broad (e.g., in-store). If you’re designing for web interfaces, for example, you will likely need to include personalized “zones” in your wireframes. The content for these can be presented programmatically in touchpoints based on our next step, contexts and campaigns. Targeted Zones: Examples from Kibo of personalized “zones” on page-level wireframes occurring at various stages of a user journey (Engagement phase at left and Purchase phase at right.)Source: “Essential Guide to End-to-End Personaliztion” by Kibo. Contexts and Campaigns Once you’ve outlined some touchpoints, you can consider the actual personalized content a user will receive. Many personalization tools will refer to these as “campaigns” (so, for example, a campaign on a web banner for new visitors to the website). These will programmatically be shown at certain touchpoints to certain user segments, as defined by user data. At this stage, we find it helpful to consider two separate models: a context model and a content model. The context helps you consider the level of engagement of the user at the personalization moment, for example a user casually browsing information vs. doing a deep-dive. Think of it in terms of information retrieval behaviors. The content model can then help you determine what type of personalization to serve based on the context (for example, an “Enrich” campaign that shows related articles may be a suitable supplement to extant content). Personalization Context Model: Browse Skim Nudge Feast Personalization Content Model: Alert Make Easier Cross-Sell Enrich We’ve written extensively about each of these models elsewhere, so if you’d like to read more you can check out Colin’s Personalization Content Model and Jeff’s Personalization Context Model. Campaign and Context cards: This level of the pyramid can help your team focus around the types of personalization to deliver end users and the use-cases in which they will experience it. User Segments User segments can be created prescriptively or adaptively, based on user research (e.g. via rules and logic tied to set user behaviors or via A/B testing). At a minimum you will likely need to consider how to treat the unknown or first-time visitor, the guest or returning visitor for whom you may have a stateful cookie (or equivalent post-cookie identifier), or the authenticated visitor who is logged in. Here are some examples from the personalization pyramid: Unknown Guest Authenticated Default Referred Role Cohort Unique ID Segment cards. Examples of common personalization segments: at a minimum, you will need to consider the anonymous, guest, and logged in user types. Segmentation can get dramatically more complex from there. Actionable Data Every organization with any digital presence has data. It’s a matter of asking what data you can ethically collect on users, its inherent reliability and value, as to how can you use it (sometimes known as “data activation.”) Fortunately, the tide is turning to first-party data: a recent study by Twilio estimates some 80% of businesses are using at least some type of first-party data to personalize the customer experience. Source: “The State of Personalization 2021” by Twilio. Survey respondents were n=2,700 adult consumers who have purchased something online in the past 6 months, and n=300 adult manager+ decision-makers at consumer-facing companies that provide goods and/or services online. Respondents were from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.Data was collected from April 8 to April 20, 2021. First-party data represents multiple advantages on the UX front, including being relatively simple to collect, more likely to be accurate, and less susceptible to the “creep factor” of third-party data. So a key part of your UX strategy should be to determine what the best form of data collection is on your audiences. Here are some examples: Figure 1.1.2: Example of a personalization maturity curve, showing progression from basic recommendations functionality to true individualization. Credit: https://kibocommerce.com/blog/kibos-personalization-maturity-chart/ There is a progression of profiling when it comes to recognizing and making decisioning about different audiences and their signals. It tends to move towards more granular constructs about smaller and smaller cohorts of users as time and confidence and data volume grow. While some combination of implicit / explicit data is generally a prerequisite for any implementation (more commonly referred to as first party and third-party data) ML efforts are typically not cost-effective directly out of the box. This is because a strong data backbone and content repository is a prerequisite for optimization. But these approaches should be considered as part of the larger roadmap and may indeed help accelerate the organization’s overall progress. Typically at this point you will partner with key stakeholders and product owners to design a profiling model. The profiling model includes defining approach to configuring profiles, profile keys, profile cards and pattern cards. A multi-faceted approach to profiling which makes it scalable. Pulling it Together While the cards comprise the starting point to an inventory of sorts (we provide blanks for you to tailor your own), a set of potential levers and motivations for the style of personalization activities you aspire to deliver, they are more valuable when thought of in a grouping. In assembling a card “hand”, one can begin to trace the entire trajectory from leadership focus down through a strategic and tactical execution. It is also at the heart of the way both co-authors have conducted workshops in assembling a program backlog—which is a fine subject for another article. In the meantime, what is important to note is that each colored class of card is helpful to survey in understanding the range of choices potentially at your disposal, it is threading through and making concrete decisions about for whom this decisioning will be made: where, when, and how. Scenario A: We want to use personalization to improve customer satisfaction on the website. For unknown users, we will create a short quiz to better identify what the user has come to do. This is sometimes referred to as “badging” a user in onboarding contexts, to better characterize their present intent and context. Lay Down Your Cards Any sustainable personalization strategy must consider near, mid and long-term goals. Even with the leading CMS platforms like Sitecore and Adobe or the most exciting composable CMS DXP out there, there is simply no “easy button” wherein a personalization program can be stood up and immediately view meaningful results. That said, there is a common grammar to all personalization activities, just like every sentence has nouns and verbs. These cards attempt to map that territory. Full Article
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