The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants <1500 g birth weight receive an iron intake of 4 mg/kg per day. There are no randomized trials to support this recommendation.

This trial compared the effect of iron supplementation of 2 mg/kg per day on the hematocrit at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. This study concluded that iron supplementation does not affect the 36-week hematocrit or the number of transfusions in infants <1500 g. (Read the full article)

Randomized controlled trials have shown that zinc supplementation during diarrhea substantially reduces the incidence and severity. However, the effect of short-course prophylactic zinc supplementation has been observed only in children >12 months of age.

The current study was able to show that short-course prophylactic zinc supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea morbidity in apparently healthy infants of 6 to 11 months even after 5 months of follow-up. (Read the full article)

Hypovitaminosis D is common among children. Although there is prolific biochemical literature linking vitamin D to enteric immunologic function, there is a paucity of prospective data exploring the role of supplementation in prevention of diarrheal illnesses.

In a high-risk population, quarterly supplementation with 100 000 IU of vitamin D₃ did not reduce the risk for first or recurrent diarrheal illnesses in a population of children aged 1 to 29 months in a low-income inner city setting. (Read the full article)

Some studies suggest a contribution of environmental exposures such as pesticides to risk of hypospadias, whereas others do not. One of the challenges that has limited current knowledge is the lack of detailed exposure data.

This study examined a more detailed assessment of exposure to pesticides than previous studies. Exposure assignments, whether to groups of chemicals, specific chemicals, or a composite involving a number of chemicals, showed a general lack of association with hypospadias. (Read the full article)

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a rare phenomenon that results in devastating injuries to children. It is necessary to analyze large samples to examine changes in rates over time.

This is the first study to examine rates of AHT at the national, regional, and state level. The results provide a more detailed description of AHT trends than has been previously available. (Read the full article)

Despite widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, there is a paucity of evidence on the appropriate supplemental dose in preterm infants. Various professional organizations empirically recommend different doses of vitamin D, ranging from 400 to 1000 IU per day.

Daily vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 800 IU compared with 400 IU significantly reduces the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants. The clinical significance of achieving vitamin D sufficiency needs to be studied in larger trials. (Read the full article)

Pulse oximeter is better than skin color assessment in the initial minutes of life. After sensor application, a delay occurs in the display of reliable saturation and heart rate. An appropriate method of sensor placement can minimize the delay.

Attaching sensor first to oximeter and then to neonate picked up signal faster than attaching it to the neonate first and then to the equipment. However, the time from birth to display of reliable signal was similar between the methods. (Read the full article)

Prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplementation has been demonstrated to increase birth length. However, the impact of this intervention on infant growth and morbidity is unknown.

Infants from mothers who were given prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplements showed decelerated linear growth. The gain in length at birth related to prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplementation was not sustained during infancy. (Read the full article)

Recent studies have shown that participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is associated with improved household food security. With the exception of 1 descriptive analysis, studies have not examined how SNAP affects children’s food security.

This article estimates the association between SNAP and children’s food security using the largest, most rigorous national study of food security to date. Given current proposals to reduce program size, this study underscores SNAP’s importance in affecting children’s well-being. (Read the full article)

There is wide variation in pediatric subspecialty supply in the United States. The impact of this variation in supply on utilization and child and family disease burden is not known.

Among children with special health care needs, living in a county with lower subspecialty supply was associated with lower perceived need for subspecialty care, lower subspecialty utilization, and no meaningful differences in examined measures of child and family disease burden. (Read the full article)

The vitamin D concentration in breast milk of women taking 400 IU vitamin D per day is relatively low, leading to vitamin D deficiency in breastfeeding infants. As a result, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding infant vitamin D supplementation within days after birth.

Maternal vitamin D supplementation alone with 6400 IU/day safely supplies breast milk with adequate vitamin D to satisfy the requirement of her nursing infant and offers an alternate strategy to direct infant supplementation. (Read the full article)

Before now, you could gift a paid iOS app, but not paid in-app purchases. An update to the review guidelines changes this, most likely as a reaction to more paid content only being available through in-app purchases.

It was far too easy to accidentally start an app subscription if you own an iPhone with Touch ID. Apple just solved the problem with a pop-up.

In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court sided with four iPhone owners who contend the company has been inflating the prices on the App Store. Current antitrust laws allow the plaintiffs to recover three times the amount of damages.

Apple's iOS 12 tackles thorny issues of smartphone addiction head-on with Screen Time, and hands users hitherto unknown power with Siri Shortcuts. That's in addition to fun memoji and an already-excellent mobile operating system.

If you already use an iPad to do work or make art, Apple's excellent iPadOS will improve the experience, though it still doesn't provide all functionality of a laptop.

Six sources confirmed Apple changed its mind on end-to-end encrypted backups two years ago following an FBI complaint and concerns users could lose access to their own data.

BACKGROUND:

Mexican-origin women breastfeed at similar rates as white women in the United States, yet they usually breastfeed for less time. In our study, we seek to identify differences in Mexican-origin women’s breastfeeding intentions, initiation, continuation, and supplementation across nativity and country-of-education groups.

Apple's excellent entry-level desktop video editing application can turn your footage and photos into impressive productions.

Rachel Hooker, who will graduate May 9 with a 3.99 GPA in supply chain and information systems, has been selected as the Smeal College of Business’ spring 2020 supply chain and information systems student marshal.

Happy Valley LaunchBox powered by PNC Bank is accepting applications through May 15 for its Idea TestLab that will now be hosted virtually in June. Open to the community, the four-week Idea TestLab program is designed to help teams evaluate the viability of their business ideas by coaching them through a proven method of customer discovery and problem analysis.

If you're running out of room on your Apple Watch, get rid of specific apps and content you no longer need. Here's how to free up space from the Watch app and the device.

With iOS 13.1 and iPadOS, Apple adds an Audio Sharing feature that lets you share with a friend what you're listening to on your Apple AirPods or select Beats headphones.

You can enjoy your AirPods Pro even more if you know how to fully use and customize them. Here are our top tips and tricks to get the most out of Apple’s wireless earbuds.

Want to contribute to Apple's health research studies? You can sign up for programs on women's health, your heart and movement, and hearing using the Research app.

Apple's Shortcuts app can quickly and easily run a host of tasks on your Apple Watch or iOS or iPadOS device. Here's how to create and use shortcuts for Siri.

If you’re having trouble sleeping, you may want to monitor your sleep cycle. Apple Watch makes it easy with these apps.

You'll get a trial, but that's it. If you want any kind of free music, you'll have to stick with iTunes Radio.

If your battery capacity ever drops below 80 percent when you have AppleCare+, you're in luck!

Today, Apple takes on the biggest name in music streaming, Spotify. How do they measure up to each other?

New iPods can be a critical part of Apple's strategy. Just don't think of them as music players.

Apple quietly revealed new iPods today with new colors and better specs.

As the Apple iPod turns 14, we take a look back at its history and influence over the last decade-plus.

The Apple iPod touch is the best media player there is if you don't want a cellular connection.

"It's like a cinderblock," one seven-year-old said of Apple's original MP3 player.

Customers in the U.S. should begin noticing in-store changes starting today.

Streaming services and complicated gadgets aren't for me. Sometimes single-purpose retro tech is all you need.

There's a new iPod touch! A new iPod touch? Sure. It's going to be popular with parents, with people who exercise, and with anyone who wants low-cost access to iMessage and FaceTime.

Apple's 2019 iPod touch is a small, light handheld media player that's terrific for kids and anyone who doesn't want a full-fledged smartphone.

Apple Music boasts a deep music well Siri and Apple Watch compatibility, but this well-rounded streaming music service falls just short of joining LiveXLive and Spotify as the best in class.

Save on the second-generation Apple AirPods with the wireless charging case, Logitech gaming gear, Dell laptops, the Nintendo Switch, and more today.

The 1TB Samsung 860 EVO m.2 SSD is just $119 today, the 10.2-inch iPad is back in stock with a 15 percent discount, and you can save $250 on the 13-inch MacBook Pro.

The popular Netgear Nighthawk R6700 wireless router is just $68 right now. Plus, you can save on a 32-inch Dell monitor and Apple AirPods with the wireless charging case.

The STOP-ROP Multicenter Study Group
Feb 1, 2000; 105:295-310
ARTICLES

Retail stores, corporate offices, and contact centers in China are closed through February 9 as the coronavirus spreads globally. Apple's online store will remain open, though.

Prime Day is over but there are still some great deals available. AirPods, Apple Watch Series 4, Samsung Galaxy S10e, Google Pixel 3 XL are discounted right now.

Satellites could transfer data directly to Apple's devices and reduce dependency on wireless carriers, Bloomberg reports. It's another sign Apple wishes to replace most outside partners with in-house technologies in the next decade.

Apple's new $4,999 Pro Display XDR monitor (and its $1,000 stand) may sound mighty expensive on the surface. It has the potential to upend a whole industry, however—it's made to compete with panels five to ten times the price. We have one in-house, and here are our first impressions.