The value and utility of traditional knowledge in conserving and commercialising genetic resources are increasingly becoming apparent due to advances in biotechnology and bioprospecting. However, the absence of an international legally binding instrument within the WIPO system means that traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is not sufficiently protected like other forms of intellectual property. This means that indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) do not benefit from the commercial exploitation of these resources. The efficacy of domestic tools to protect traditional knowledge and in balancing the rights of IPLCs and intellectual property rights (IPRs) is still debated. This paper employs a doctrinal research methodology based on desktop research of international and regional law instruments and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, to determine the basis for balancing the protection of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge with competing interests of IPLCs and IPRs in South Africa.

The EU 'General Data Protection Regulation' (GDPR) marked the most important step towards reforming data privacy regulation in recent years, as it has brought about significant changes in data process in various sectors, ranging from healthcare to banking and beyond. Various concerns have been raised, and as a consequence of these, certain parts of the text of the GDPR itself have already started to become questionable due to rapid technological progress, including, for example, the use of information technology, automatisation processes and advanced algorithms in individual decision-making activities. The road to GDPR compliance by all European Union members may prove to be a long one and it is clear that only time will tell how GDPR matters will evolve and unfold. In this paper, we aim to offer a review of the practical, ethical and constitutional aspects of the new regulation and examine all the controversies that the new technology has given rise to in the course of the regulation's application.

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this project was to explore student perceptions of the value of both the creation of video content and exposure to other students’ work though peer assessment and inclusion of exemplars as unit material. Background: The research was in a first year information technology flipped-learning unit, where the assessment involved students developing video presentations that were peer assessed and exemplars incorporated into the unit as teaching material. Methodology: Data was gathered using a mixed methods approach using an online questionnaire followed by semi-structured interviews with a selection of questionnaire respondents. The interviews were designed to further explore issues identified from the analysis of the questionnaire data. Contribution: Informs on student perceptions of peer review and the integration of student generated content into University teaching. Findings: Most students enjoyed the video assessment (58%) with many preferring it to a written or programming task (55-58%). In the subsequent peer assessment, many liked seeing the work of others (67%) and found the approach engaging (63%) yet some other perceptions were mixed or neutral. Recommendations for Practitioners: University IT students generally enjoyed and perceived peer assessment and found student generated content to be valuable. Recommendation for Researchers: Further investigation of peer review and student generated content in contexts where the student cohort represents a variety of cultures and age categories Impact on Society: Contributes to a body of knowledge regarding peer assessment and student generated educational materials. Future Research: Future work is needed to better understand this domain, in particular the role of learners’ individual differences in order to successfully integrate these approaches into modern learning environments.

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how Advanced level Mathematics and Mathematics course units offered at university level do impact on the academic performance of theoretical Computer Science course units. Background: In Sri Lankan state universities, students have been enrolled only from the Physical Science stream to do a degree program in Computer Science. In addition to that, universities have been offering some course units in Mathematics to provide the required mathematical maturity to Computer Science undergraduates. Despite of this it is observed that the failure rates in fundamental theoretical Computer Science course units are much higher than other course units offered in the general degree program every year. Methodology : Academic records comprised of all 459 undergraduates from three consecutive batches admitted to the degree program in Computer Science from a university were considered for this study. Contribution: This study helps academics in identifying suitable curricula for Mathematics course units to improve students’ performance in theoretical Computer Science courses. Findings: Advanced level Mathematics does not have any significant effect on the academic performance of theoretical Computer Science course units. Even though all Mathematics course units offered were significantly correlated with academic performance of every theoretical Computer Science course unit, only the Discrete Mathematics course unit highly impacted on the academic performance of all three theoretical Computer Science course units. Further this study indicates that the academic performance of female undergraduates is better than males in all theoretical Computer Science and Mathematics course units. Future Research: Identifying other critical success factors contributing to the students’ academic performance of the theoretical Computer Science through empirical studies

Aim/Purpose. In this study, we examined, from the perspective of the participants, aspects of information and communications technology (ICT) and resilience, comparing first-generation students in higher education with students whose parents had higher education. Methodology. We examined self-image, motivation, happiness, and the use of ICT. This was a quantitative study. Respondents answered a questionnaire that contained open and closed questions. The sample included 307 students from academic institutions in Israel between the ages of 18 and 64. Findings. The findings were grouped into four clusters: (a) second-generation students under the age of 25 years, members of Generation Z; (b) second-generation students over the age of 25; (c) first-generation students over the age of 25 years (the largest group in the sample), mostly members of the Generation Y; and (d) first-generation students under the age of 25. We found consistent differences on all scales between the group of first-generation students over the age of 25 years and those in the other groups. The research findings indicate that the group with the highest resilience was students who were the first generation acquiring higher education and were over 25, mostly members of the Y generation. Impact on Society. This research allows an instructive look at Generation Y and Generation Z and the academic abilities of this generation. Future Research. Future studies should examine the correlation between a sense of resilience (which was examined in this study) and academic achievement (which was not).

Analogical thinking is one of the most effective tools to generate innovative ideas. It enables us to develop new ideas by transferring information from well-known domains and utilizing them in a novel domain. However, using analogical thinking does not always yield appropriate ideas, and there is a lack of consensus among researchers regarding the evaluation methods for assessing new ideas. Here, we define the appropriateness of generated ideas as having high structural and low superficial similarities with their source ideas. This study investigates the relationship between thinking process and the appropriateness of ideas generated through analogical thinking. We conducted four workshops with 22 students in order to collect the data. All generated ideas were assessed based on the definition of appropriateness in this study. The results show that participants who deliberate more before reaching the creative leap stage and those who are engaged in more trial and error for deciding the final domain of a new idea have a greater possibility of generating appropriate ideas. The findings suggest new strategies of designing workshops to enhance the appropriateness of new ideas.

Aim/Purpose: Drawing on theories of organizational learning, this study analyzes the mechanism of Internet integration capability affecting knowledge generation by 399 Chinese enterprises. This paper will further explore whether there is a moderating role of learning orientation in the mechanism of Internet integration capability affecting enterprise knowledge generation. Background: The Internet has gradually integrated into the enterprise innovation system and penetrated into all aspects of technological innovation, which has promoted the integration and optimization of resources inside and outside the organization. However, there is limited understanding of how the combination of the Internet and integration capability can drive enterprise knowledge generation. Methodology: The study uses survey data from 399 organizations in China. Through structural equation modeling, this study assesses the relationship between Internet integration capability, organizational learning, knowledge generation, and uses PROCESS macro program to test the mediated moderation effect of learning orientation. Contribution: First, this study provides empirical evidence for managers to better build Internet integration capability and ambidextrous learning to promote enterprise knowledge generation. Second, this study highlights the important moderating role of learning orientation in the mediating role of ambidextrous learning. Findings: First, the study confirms the mediating role of exploratory learning and exploitative learning in knowledge generation driven by Internet integration capability. Second, the results show that when organizations have a strong learning orientation, the indirect path of Internet integration capability influencing knowledge generation through exploratory learning will be enhanced. Recommendations for Practitioners: Enterprises should pay full attention to the improvement of internet integration capability and ambidextrous learning to promote knowledge generation. In addition, enterprises should establish a good learning atmosphere within the organization to strengthen the bridge role of exploratory learning between Internet integration capability and knowledge generation. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers could collect data from countries with different levels of economic development to verify the universal applicability of the proposed theoretical model. Impact on Society: This study provides references for enterprises using Internet integration capability to promote their knowledge generation capability under the internet background. Future Research: Future research can compare the impact of Internet integration capability on knowledge generation in different industries.

Aim/Purpose: Although the significance of data provenance has been recognized in a variety of sectors, there is currently no standardized technique or approach for gathering data provenance. The present automated technique mostly employs workflow-based strategies. Unfortunately, the majority of current information systems do not embrace the strategy, particularly biodiversity information systems in which data is acquired by a variety of persons using a wide range of equipment, tools, and protocols. Background: This article presents an automated technique for producing temporal data provenance that is independent of biodiversity information systems. The approach is dependent on the changes in contextual information of data items. By mapping the modifications to a schema, a standardized representation of data provenance may be created. Consequently, temporal information may be automatically inferred. Methodology: The research methodology consists of three main activities: database event detection, event-schema mapping, and temporal information inference. First, a list of events will be detected from databases. After that, the detected events will be mapped to an ontology, so a common representation of data provenance will be obtained. Based on the derived data provenance, rule-based reasoning will be automatically used to infer temporal information. Consequently, a temporal provenance will be produced. Contribution: This paper provides a new method for generating data provenance automatically without interfering with the existing biodiversity information system. In addition to this, it does not mandate that any information system adheres to any particular form. Ontology and the rule-based system as the core components of the solution have been confirmed to be highly valuable in biodiversity science. Findings: Detaching the solution from any biodiversity information system provides scalability in the implementation. Based on the evaluation of a typical biodiversity information system for species traits of plants, a high number of temporal information can be generated to the highest degree possible. Using rules to encode different types of knowledge provides high flexibility to generate temporal information, enabling different temporal-based analyses and reasoning. Recommendations for Practitioners: The strategy is based on the contextual information of data items, yet most information systems simply save the most recent ones. As a result, in order for the solution to function properly, database snapshots must be stored on a frequent basis. Furthermore, a more practical technique for recording changes in contextual information would be preferable. Recommendation for Researchers: The capability to uniformly represent events using a schema has paved the way for automatic inference of temporal information. Therefore, a richer representation of temporal information should be investigated further. Also, this work demonstrates that rule-based inference provides flexibility to encode different types of knowledge from experts. Consequently, a variety of temporal-based data analyses and reasoning can be performed. Therefore, it will be better to investigate multiple domain-oriented knowledge using the solution. Impact on Society: Using a typical information system to store and manage biodiversity data has not prohibited us from generating data provenance. Since there is no restriction on the type of information system, our solution has a high potential to be widely adopted. Future Research: The data analysis of this work was limited to species traits data. However, there are other types of biodiversity data, including genetic composition, species population, and community composition. In the future, this work will be expanded to cover all those types of biodiversity data. The ultimate goal is to have a standard methodology or strategy for collecting provenance from any biodiversity data regardless of how the data was stored or managed.

Aim/Purpose: This study investigates the factors that affect the repurchase intentions of Generation Z consumers in India’s online shopping industry, focusing on combining the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) and Extended Technology Acceptance Model (E-TAM). The aim is to understand the intricate behaviors that shape technology adoption and sustained usage, which are essential for retaining customers in e-commerce. Background: Social media and other online platforms have significantly influenced daily life and become essential communication tools owing to technological advancements. Online shopping is no exception, offering a range of product choices, information, and convenience compared with traditional commerce. Indian retailers recognize this trend as an opportunity to promote their brands through e-shopping platforms, leading to increased competition. Generation Z comprises 32% of the world’s population and is a significant emerging customer base in India. Numerous studies have been conducted to study customers’ repurchase intention in the online shopping domain, but few studies have explicitly focused on Generation Z as a customer base. This study aims to comprehensively understand the topic and investigate the variables that impact consumers’ online repurchase intention by examining their post-adoption behavioral processes. Methodology: The study employed a quantitative research design with structural equation modeling using AMOS to analyze responses from 410 participants. This method thoroughly examined hypotheses regarding factors affecting repurchase intention (security, ease of use, privacy, and internet self-efficacy) and the mediating role of e-satisfaction. Contribution: This study makes a unique contribution to the field of e-commerce by focusing on Generation Z in India, a rapidly growing demographic in the e-commerce industry. The results on the mediating role of e-satisfaction have significant implications for e-retailers seeking to enhance customer retention strategies and gain a competitive edge in the market. Findings: The research findings underscore the significant influence of security, ease of use, and internet self-efficacy on repurchase intentions, with e-satisfaction playing a pivotal role as a mediating factor. Notably, while privacy concerns did not directly impact repurchase intentions, they displayed considerable influence when mediated by e-satisfaction, highlighting the intricate interplay between these variables in the context of online shopping, which is the unique finding of this study. Recommendations for Practitioners: This study has several significant implications for practitioners. Effectively addressing computer-related individual differences, such as computer self-efficacy, is crucial for boosting online customers’ repurchase intention. For instance, if an e-retailer intends to target Generation Z customers, they should collaborate with IT professionals and develop various computer literacy programs on online streaming platforms, such as YouTube. These programs will enhance target customers’ confidence in online shopping portals and increase their online repeat purchases. Additionally, practitioners should strive to improve the online shopping experience by making the portal user-friendly. Generation Z is accustomed to a fast Internet experience, so they prefer that the process of completing online transactions is swift with fewer clicks. The search for products, payments, and redress should not be tedious. Furthermore, the primary objective of the e-retailer should be to satisfy customers, as satisfied customers repeat their purchases and increase overall profitability. Recommendation for Researchers: The current study was conducted in the Delhi-NCR region of India, and its findings could serve as a basis for future research. For instance, the scale devised in this study could be utilized to examine the impact of cash-on-delivery as a payment method on purchase intention across the country. Alternatively, a comparative analysis could be conducted to compare cash-on-delivery effects in various countries. Impact on Society: The study’s findings enable stakeholders in the online shopping industry to comprehend the post-adoption behavior of Generation Z users and augment existing literature by establishing a correlation between determinants that impact repurchase intention and e-satisfaction, which serves as a mediator. Future Research: This study examines the factors that impact the propensity of Generation Z shoppers to engage in repeat online purchases. This study focuses on India, where the Generation Y (millennial) customer base is also substantial within the online shopping market. Future research could compare the shopping habits of Generation Z and Generation Y customers, as the latter may place greater importance on privacy and security. Additional studies could broaden the scope of this research and explore the comparative viewpoints of both generations. Also, it would be advantageous to conduct in-depth interviews and longitudinal studies to acquire a more in-depth comprehension of the evolving digitalization of shopping.

The all-pervasive Internet has created serious problems, such as Internet overuse, which has triggered considerable debate over its relationship with addiction. To further explore its genetic susceptibilities and alternative explanations for Internet overuse, we proposed and evaluated four hypotheses, each based on existing knowledge of the biological bases of addiction, inattention, novelty-seeking, and harm-avoidance. Four genetic loci including DRD4 VNTR, DRD2 Taq1A, COMT Val158Met and 5-HTTLPR length polymorphisms were screened from seventy-three individuals. Our results showed that the DRD4 4R/4R individuals scored significantly higher than the 2R or 7R carriers in Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The 5-HTTLPR short/short males scored significantly higher in IAT than the long variant carriers. Bayesian analysis showed the most compatible hypothesis with the observed genetic results was based on attention (69.8%), whereas hypotheses based harm-avoidance (21.6%), novelty-seeking (7.8%) and addiction (0.9%) received little support. Our study suggests that carriers of alleles (DRD4 2R and 7R, 5-HTTLPR long) associated with inattentiveness are more likely to experience disrupted patterns and reduced durations of Internet use, protecting them from Internet overuse. Furthermore, our study suggests that Internet overuse should be categorized differently from addiction due to the lack of shared genetic contributions.

Aim/Purpose: Absence of new scientific approaches and specialists (generalists), who professionally obtain such approaches, is one of the main reasons for an ineffective solution of complex multifactor problems of the modern society. Background: The article briefly describes the concept of systems transdisciplinary integration of knowledge of different scientific disciplines. Also, it shows an opportunity to use this concept education of generalists in higher education. Methodology: The article highlights the idea of gestalt of knowledge, which is based on systems transdisciplinary model of spatial unit of order. It describes the basis of gestalt-of-the-one and gestalt-of-the-whole. Also, it explains the differences and practical capabilities of holist generalists and unicentrist generalists. Contribution: Loss of identificational attributes can take place during the process of integration of knowledge of different scientific disciplines. The article shows how to avoid this complication within a systems transdisciplinary approach. Findings: Each type of fundamental knowledge has its own carriers, such as scientists and specialists. Therefore, direct interaction of people-carriers of fundamental knowledge has limited potential. Presently, a more practical importance is the interaction between scientists and specialists within the zones of hybridization of fundamental knowledge. Hybridization is the process of systematization of knowledge within specialized systems transdisciplinary models of unit of order. A specialist generalist’s professional work is to organize scientific research, systemise knowledge of different scientific disciplines, make necessary conclusions, and suggest optimal solution for complex multifactor problems. Therefore, generalists should be considered as an important move towards the solution of complex multifactor problems of modern society. Recommendation for Researchers: A new scientific approach is a way of widening scientific worldview. A new approach in inorganic chemistry made it possible to create the Mendeleev periodic table of elements. Owing to this table, researchers were able to learn the characteristics and attributes of chemical elements, which can be found in nature. Also, models of systems transdisciplinary approach allow the discovery of new elements and relations of complex multifactor problems. Its absence would, however, hinder the research and the problem description. Future Research: The article justifies that preparation of generalists in higher education is one of the main peculiarities of universities of the third generation. Therefore, it might be desirable for organizers of higher education and university leaders to begin speculations regarding this quest, develop educational programs for generalists, and search for optimal forms and methods of solution.

Aim/Purpose: In a world of rapidly expanding complexity and exponentially increasing data availability, IT-based knowledge management tools will be needed to manage and curate available information. This paper looks at a particular tool architecture that has been previously proposed: The Personal Knowledge Management System (PKMS). The specific focus is on how the proposed architecture conforms to design science principles that relate to how it is likely to evolve. Background: We first introduce some recent informing science and design science research frameworks, then examine how the PKMS architecture would conform to these. Methodology: The approach taken is conceptual analysis. Contribution: The analysis provides a clearer understanding of how the proposed PKMS would serve the diverse-client ambiguous-target (DCAT) informing scenario and how it could be expected to evolve. Findings: We demonstrate how the PKMS informing architecture can be characterized as a “social machine” that appears to conform to a number of principles that would facilitate its long-term evolution. Future Research: The example provided by the paper could serve as a model future research seeking to integrate design science and informing science in the study of IT artefacts.

Aim/Purpose: This paper aimed to explore the impact of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burn-out among the general population during the pandemic. Background: The paper has attempted to explore compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burn-out among the population at large, especially during the pandemic. This area has not been explored as yet. Methodology: A simple random sample of 98 males and 88 females was collected anonymously through a Google form survey. Part A collected demographic data and Part B comprised of 15 statements with 5 each for compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burn-out, adapted from a Compassion Fatigue/Satisfaction Self-Test. ANOVA single factor was employed for the three variables of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burn-out using a 0.05 significance level. Correlations among the variables were also analyzed. Contribution: The present paper contributes to covering the research gap of investigating the presence of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burn-out among the population at large comprising the age group of 18 to 60+ and from different professions. Findings: The findings revealed significant differences in the levels of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burn-out in the population at large during the pandemic. Future Research: The findings can be further strengthened by extending it to a larger sample size across different nations and, specifically, studying gender differences during such adverse pandemic situations.

Aim/Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has created many adverse effects. It overloads the healthcare system, causes deaths, and angers some at anti-covid restrictions. This study examines the feasibility of using technical and technological ideas to overcome these effects. The solution is based on new knowledge about the virus, its nature, formation, and activation in the environment. Background: The rapid spread of a new coronavirus infection is taking place against the background of a lack of time required to create new treatment scenarios for the disease, development, production, and vaccine safety research. In such a situation, it became necessary to gain this time for organizing and conducting events that could reduce the burden on the healthcare system. Methodology: The science that studies the morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution of viruses is virology. The modern development of virology is moving towards a more accurate and comprehensive description of the mechanisms of interaction of viruses with the host organism. This contributed to the emergence of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and immunomics. However, in virology, there is no particular discipline that sets itself three fundamental goals: to substantiate a single concept of the emergence of viruses; to study the natural mechanisms of formation of virus molecules in the environment; to describe the natural mechanisms of activation of certain viruses in the environment that cause viral pandemics. As a result, there are many articles among the published scientific articles on viruses dealing with the mechanisms of interaction of viruses with the host organism. However, there are no articles on the natural mechanisms of formation and activation of certain viruses in the environment. In the absence of such specialized articles, we were forced to use the method of systems transdisciplinary generalization of disciplinary knowledge to achieve our article’s purpose. Generalization created new knowledge about the nature of viruses, about the mechanisms of their formation and activation in the environment and cells of biological organisms. It is logical to assume that to synchronize the state of biological objects of all functional ensembles on the planet, it is necessary to create and activate appropriate “technological tools.” We have suggested and proved that RNA viruses play the role of such tools. Piezoelectricity activates viruses. It occurs during the compression and stretching of sedimentary rocks and bases of continental plates in different territories. Contribution: The systems transdisciplinary generalization of the knowledge of scientific disciplines made it possible to edit the concept of viruses, to eliminate stereotypes that arose due to the use of unsuccessful analogies. As a result of this generalization, it was possible to prove that viruses are not intracellular parasites. The virus is a “technological tool” of the planetary organizing component. This “tool” aims to correct the genetic programs of organisms of all functional ensembles (plants, animals, people), which will maintain the state of organisms and the parameters of their metabolism in changing environmental conditions. Findings: The viruses that triggered pandemics in the 20th century and early 21st century are RNA viruses. RNA molecules play the role of “technological tools” that the planetary organizing component uses to carry out short-term and long-term adjustments and constant support of the genetic programs of biological organisms. Therefore, in such a situation, it is advisable to talk not about the fight against the virus but only about eliminating the negative manifestations of the Covid-19 pandemic: reducing the number of people in need of emergency hospitalization, eliminating cases of the acute course of the disease and deaths. It is proposed to use certain technical and technological ideas and solutions to eliminate these negative manifestations. Recommendation for Researchers: This paper recommends that researchers use new interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. They challenge assumptions and conclusions about the nature of viruses, and the mechanisms of their formation and activation in the environment can initiate. Such new research might describe the mechanisms that form and activate viruses in the environment and the body’s cells. They also might provide practical use of this knowledge to eliminate the multiple speculations and fears that arise against the background of reports of the likely appearance of more deadly viruses and viral infections. Future Research: The results of a systems transdisciplinary generalization of disciplinary knowledge about the nature and purpose of viruses are essential for expanding the horizon of the scientific worldview. Future fundamental research on the mechanisms of objective organizing constituents, a general description given in this article, will contribute to a deeper understanding of chemical and biological evolution mechanisms in which modern humanity is involved. In due time, such an understanding will allow a new look at the existing scenarios of the world socio-economic order, explore and describe new principles of sustainable development of society.

We draw on the historiographical concepts of "generational units" and "collective memories" as a framework for understanding the emergence of entrepreneurially oriented cohesive groups within regions. Generational units are localized subgroups within generations that have a self-referential, reflexive quality, by virtue of the members' sense of their own connections to each other and the events that define them. Collective memories are shared accounts of the past shaped by historical events that mold individuals' perceptions. The two concepts provide a valuable point of departure for incorporating historical concepts into the study of entrepreneurial dynamics and offer a framework for understanding how entrepreneurs' historically situated experiences affect them. Our framework breaks new theoretical ground in several ways. First, we synthesize disparate literatures on generational units, collective memory, and organizational imprinting. Second, we specify mechanisms through which imprinting occurs and persists over time. We develop analytical arguments framed by sociological and historiographical theories, focusing on the conditions under which meaningful generational units of entrepreneurs may emerge and benefit from leadership and legacy building, technologies of memory, and institutional support that increases the likelihood of their persistence.

While large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT can assist writers with editing, they might hinder students from learning to generate ideas or write creatively. This article surveys the current state of algorithms for detecting LLM-generated content. Given that

If you thought the leftist backlash during Trump’s 1st term was bad, these coddled, indoctrinated adult children will take up a renewed Resistance” against Freedom & American values.

Hyundai Rotem, a subsidiary of South Korea’s Hyundai Group, has announced a pioneering development for the Republic of Korea (ROK) Army: a hydrogen-powered K3 main battle tank. Set to be among the most advanced military vehicles in the world, the K3 aims to redefine future warfare by leveraging eco-friendly fuel cells, autonomous technologies, and advanced firepower.

Hyundai Rotem’s K3 project is a collaborative effort with South Korea’s Agency for Defence Development and other national research institutions, with production tentatively scheduled to begin by 2040. The shift to hydrogen marks a historic step in South Korea’s commitment to reduce reliance on traditional combustion engines in defence equipment. The K3’s hydrogen fuel cell will eventually replace the diesel engines of the ROK’s K-series tanks, beginning with hybrid prototypes that combine hydrogen and diesel power.

In an online statement, Hyundai Rotem described the K3 as “a next-generation main battle tank that surpasses all capabilities of today’s MBTs (main battle tanks), optimised for evolving battlefield demands.” Key enhancements to the K3 include autonomous driving, AI-based fire control, and a 130-mm smoothbore main gun for increased preemptive strike capabilities. Additionally, the tank will feature improved stealth capabilities, a reduced heat signature, and the deployment of slave drones to enhance reconnaissance and support combat operations.

Fuel cell technology offers multiple advantages, including quieter operation, faster acceleration, superior fuel efficiency, and reduced maintenance due to fewer moving parts. With minimal heat output and sound, the tank achieves heightened stealth, making it less detectable in combat scenarios. Mobility is also improved, allowing the K3 to maneuver through steep and rugged terrains more effectively.

Designed to operate with a streamlined crew of three—a driver, commander, and gunner—the crew will be secured within a reinforced armoured capsule at the front of the tank. This layout ensures enhanced protection and operational efficiency.

The hydrogen-powered K3 demonstrates South Korea’s commitment to integrating sustainable, high-performance technologies into its military arsenal, setting a benchmark for modern warfare with cleaner and more capable military assets.

If you ever had the app, odds are you were reading some barely coherent narrative about One Direction or Harry Potter

Ai-Da Robot’s "AI God" artwork. — Ai-Da Robot Studios

An AI generated portrait of the eminent World War II codebreaker, Alan Turing, has been sold for a record $1.3 million at auction.

There were 27 bids for the digital artwork sale of "AI God", which had...

Back in December 2023, FDA announced intention in the Federal Register and in a press release to form a new FDA Advisory Committee to be called the Genetic Metabolic Diseases Advisory Committee (GeMDAC). As noted in a recent posting here, … Continue reading →

Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram apps are seen on a smartphone in this illustration taken, July 13, 2021.— Reuters

Meta-owned Instagram might be working to add a new AI-backed feature that will allow users to create profile pictures using Meta’s artificial...

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Die Frist zur Annahme des Angebots beginnt am Tag nach der Absendung des Angebots durch den Kunden und endet mit dem Ablauf des fünften Tages, der auf die Absendung des Angebots folgt. Nimmt der Verkäufer das Angebot des Kunden innerhalb der vorgenannten Frist nicht an, stellt dies die Ablehnung des Angebots dar. Der Kunde ist dann nicht mehr an seine Willenserklärung gebunden.

2.4. Wird die Zahlart "PayPal" oder  "Paypal Express" ausgewählt, so erfolgt die Zahlungsabwicklung durch den Zahlungsdienstleister PayPal (Europe) S.à r.l. et Cie, S.C.A., 22-24 Boulevard Royal, L-2449 Luxembourg (folgend: "Paypal"). Hierbei gilt die Paypal-Nutzungsvereinbarung, diese ist abrufbar  unter https://www.paypal.com/de/webapps/mpp/ua/useragreement-full bzw. für Kunden ohne eigenes Paypal-Konto: https://www.paypal.com/de/webapps/mpp/ua/privacywax-full.
Wählt der Kunde für die Zahlung seines Einkaufs die Zahlungsart "PayPal" oder "PayPal Express" aus oder zahlt der Kunde über eine der PayPal-Zahlungsarten , gibt er mit Anklicken des den Bestellvorgang abschließenden Buttons sein Angebot ab. Erteilt der Kunde gleichzeitig durch Anklicken dieses Buttons auch den Zahlungsauftrag an PayPal, erklärt der Verkäufer abweichend von den obenstehenden Regelungen die Annahme des Angebotes des Kunden im Zeitpunkt der Erteilung des Zahlungsauftrages. 

2.5. Der Vertragstext des jeweils zwischen dem Verkäufer und dem Kunden geschlossenen Vertrages wird durch den Verkäufer gespeichert. Der Vertragstext wird auf den internen Systemen des Verkäufers gespeichert. Die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen kann der Kunde jederzeit auf dieser Seite einsehen. Die Bestelldaten, die Widerrufsbelehrung sowie die AGB werden dem Kunden per Email zugesendet. Nach Abschluss der Bestellung ist der Vertragstext dem Kunden über dessen Kundenlogin kostenlos zugänglich, sofern dieser ein Kundenkonto eröffnet hat. 


2.6. Alle getätigten Eingaben werden vor Anklicken des Bestellbuttons angezeigt und können durch den Kunden vor Absendung der Bestellung eingesehen und durch Betätigung des Zurück-Buttons des Browsers oder die üblichen Maus- und Tastaturfunktionen korrigiert werden. Daneben stehen dem Kunden, sofern verfügbar, Buttons zur Korrektur zur Verfügung, die entsprechend beschriftet sind. 


2.7. Die Vertragssprache ist Deutsch.

2.8. Es obliegt dem Kunden, eine korrekte Emailadresse zur Kontaktaufnahme und Abwicklung der Bestellung anzugeben, sowie die Filterfunktionen so einzustellen, dass Emails, die diese Bestellung betreffen, zugestellt werden können. 

3. Preise und Zahlungsbedingungen

3.1. Die angezeigten Preise sind Endpreise inklusive der gesetzlichen Umsatzsteuer, wenn nichts anderes vereinbart ist.
Sofern zusätzliche Versandkosten anfallen, ist dies der Produktbeschreibung zu entnehmen.

3.2. Sofern die Lieferung in das Nicht-EU-Ausland erfolgt, können weitere Zölle, Steuern oder Gebühren vom Kunden an die dort zuständigen Zoll- bzw. Steuerbehörden oder an Kreditinstitute zu zahlen sein.
Dem Kunden wird empfohlen, die Einzelheiten vor der Bestellung bei den jeweiligen Einrichtungen oder Behörden zu erfragen.

3.3. Der Kunde kann die Zahlungsarten auswählen, die im Onlineshop zur Verfügung stehen.

3.4. Bei Vorkasse per Banküberweisung ist die Zahlung, wenn nichts anderes vereinbart ist, unmittelbar nach Vertragsschluss fällig.

3.5. Bei der Zahlung per "PayPal" erfolgt die Zahlungsabwicklung über PayPal (Europe) S.à r.l. et Cie, S.C.A., 22-24 Boulevard Royal, L-2449 Luxembourg. Hierfür gelten die Nutzungsbedingungen von Paypal. Diese sind unter https://www.paypal.com/de/webapps/mpp/ua/useragreement-full einsehbar. 

3.6. Paypal-Checkout

Wenn Sie über den PayPal Checkout bezahlen, erfolgt die Zahlungsabwicklung über PayPal Zahlungsdienstleister PayPal (Europe) S.à r.l. et Cie, S.C.A., 22-24 Boulevard Royal, L-2449 Luxembourg (folgend: "Paypal"), wobei sich PayPal hierzu auch der Dienste dritter Zahlungsanbieter bedienen kann, die Sie, soweit angeboten, auswählen können.

Sofern auf dieser Webseite auch Zahlungsarten angeboten werden, bei denen der Verkäufer in Vorleistung geht (wie etwa Rechnungskauf oder Ratenzahlung), so erklärt der Verkäufer die Abtretung seiner Zahlungsforderung an PayPal bzw. an den von PayPal beauftragten und durch den Kunden konkret ausgewählten Zahlungsdienstleister. PayPal oder der ausgewählte Drittanbieter führt zunächst eine Bonitätsprüfung durch, bevor er das Abtretungsangebot des Verkäufers annimmt. Die ausgewählte Zahlungsart kann verweigert werden, wenn die Bonitätsprüfung ein negatives Ergebnis liefert.

Eine Zahlung ist nach Zulassung der gewählten Zahlungsart nur an PayPal oder den jeweiligen beauftragten Zahlungsdienstleister mit schuldbefreiender Wirkung möglich. 

3.7. Bei der Zahlung über "PayPal Lastschrift" erfolgt der Einzug der Forderung durch PayPal nach Erteilung eines SEPA-Lastschriftmandats und nach Ablauf der Frist für die Vorabinformation im Auftrag des Verkäufers vom Bankkonto des Kunden. Eine Vorabinformation ist die Ankündigung des Verkäufers an den Kunden, dass sein Konto mittels SEPA-Lastschrift belastet wird und kann beispielsweise in Form einer Rechnung oder eines Vertrages geschehen.  Kann die Lastschrift aufgrund unzureichender Kontodeckung oder aufgrund der Angabe einer falschen Bankverbindung nicht eingelöst werden oder widerspricht der Kunde der Abbuchung, ohne hierzu berechtigt zu sein, hat der Kunde die durch die Rückbuchung des jeweiligen Kreditinstituts entstehenden Gebühren zu tragen, wenn er dies zu vertreten hat. Das übrige Vertragsverhältnis sowie Rechte und Pflichten gegenüber dem Verkäufer und des Verkäufers bleiben von der Zahlung per Lastschrift unberührt.

3.8. Bei der Zahlung per "PayPal Ratenzahlung" schließt der Kunde mit PayPal einen Teilzahlungsvertrag ab. Gestattet PayPal die Zahlung via "PayPal Ratenzahlung", hat der Kunde den Rechnungsbetrag zu den vom Paypal festgelegten Konditionen, die ihm im Zahlportal von Paypal mitgeteilt werden, an PayPal zu bezahlen
Es gelten die Nutzungsbedingungen von Paypal, welche Sie hier finden:
[url]https://www.paypal.com/de/webapps/mpp/ua/legalhub-full?locale.x=de_DE[/url]
Das übrige Vertragsverhältnis sowie Rechte und Pflichten gegenüber dem Verkäufer und des Verkäufers bleiben von dieser Zahlungsart unberührt.

3.9. Bei der Zahlung auf Rechnung via "PayPal Rechnung" erfolgt die Zahlungsabwicklung durch PayPal.
Der Kaufpreis  wird nach Auslieferung der Ware fällig und ist binnen 30 Tagen ab Erhalt der Rechnung an PayPal zu zahlen, sofern kein anderes Zahlungsziel vorgegeben wird.
Der Kauf auf Rechnung setzt eine erfolgreiche Bonitätsprüfung durch PayPal voraus. 
Wird dem Kunden nach Prüfung der Bonität der Kauf auf Rechnung gestattet, tritt der Verkäufer seine Forderung an PayPal ab, daher kann nur an PayPal mit schuldbefreiender Wirkung geleistet werden. 
Das übrige Vertragsverhältnis sowie Rechte und Pflichten gegenüber dem Verkäufer und des Verkäufers bleiben von dieser Zahlungsart unberührt.
im Übrigen gelten die Allgemeinen Nutzungsbedingungen für die Nutzung des Rechnungskaufs von PayPal:  https://www.paypal.com/de/webapps/mpp/ua/pui-terms.

4. Liefer- und Versandbedingungen

4.1. Die Lieferung von Waren auf dem Versandweg erfolgt an die vom Kunden angegebene Lieferanschrift. Abweichend hiervon ist bei der Zahlung per PayPal die vom Kunden zum Zeitpunkt der Bezahlung bei PayPal hinterlegte Lieferanschrift maßgeblich.

4.2. Entstehen dem Verkäufer aufgrund der Angabe einer falschen Lieferadresse oder eines falschen Adressaten oder anderer Umstände die zur Unmöglichkeit der Zustellung führen, zusätzliche Kosten, so sind diese von dem Kunden zu ersetzen, außer er hat die Falschangabe oder Unmöglichkeit nicht zu vertreten. Gleiches gilt für den Fall, dass der Kunde vorübergehend an der Annahme der Leistung verhindert war, es sei denn, der Verkäufer hat ihm die Leistung vorher angemessen angekündigt. Ausgenommen von dieser Regelung sind die Kosten der Hinsendung, wenn der Kunde sein Widerrufsrecht wirksam ausgeübt hat. Hier verbleibt es bei der gesetzlichen oder der durch den Verkäufer getroffenen Regelung.


4.3. Bei vereinbarter Selbstabholung wird der Kunde durch den Verkäufer informiert, dass die von ihm bestellte Ware zur Abholung bereitsteht. Nach Erhalt dieser E-Mail kann der Kunde die Ware nach Absprache mit dem Verkäufer am Sitz des Verkäufers oder an einem vereinbarten Ort abholen. In diesem Fall entstehen keine Versandkosten.

4.4. Gutscheine werden dem Kunden in folgender Form überlassen:

• per E-Mail
• per Download
  
• postalisch
  

5. Widerrufsrecht

5.1. Ist der Kunde Verbraucher, steht ihm grundsätzlich ein Widerrufsrecht zu. 

5.2. Für das Widerrufsrecht gilt die Widerrufsbelehrung des Verkäufers.

6. Eigentumsvorbehalt

Sofern der Verkäufer in Vorleistung tritt, bleibt die Ware bis zur vollständigen Begleichung des Kaufpreises im Eigentum des Verkäufers.

7. Mängelhaftung

7.1. Hinsichtlich der Gewährleistung gelten die Vorschriften der gesetzlichen Mängelhaftung, soweit nichts Abweichendes vereinbart worden ist.

7.2. Der Kunde wird gebeten, angelieferte Waren mit offensichtlichen Transportschäden bei dem Zusteller zu reklamieren und den Verkäufer hiervon in Kenntnis zu setzen. Die Nichtbefolgung hat keinerlei Auswirkungen auf die gesetzlichen oder vertraglichen Mängelansprüche des Kunden.

8. Haftung

Die Haftung des Verkäufers aus allen vertraglichen, vertragsähnlichen und gesetzlichen, sowie deliktischen Ansprüchen auf Schadens- und Aufwendungsersatz bestimmt sich wie folgt:

8.1. Der Verkäufer haftet nur für Schäden, die auf einem vorsätzlichen oder grob fahrlässigen Verhalten zurückzuführen sind uneingeschränkt.
Bei der Verletzung von Leben, Körper und Gesundheit und der Verletzung wesentlicher Vertragspflichten (Kardinalpflichten) haftet der Verkäufer auch bei leichter Fahrlässigkeit.

Eine wesentliche Vertragspflicht ist eine solche, deren Erfüllung die ordnungsgemäße Durchführung des Vertrags überhaupt erst ermöglicht und auf deren Einhaltung der Vertragspartner regelmäßig vertraut und vertrauen darf.

Der Verkäufer haftet wie oben geregelt auch aufgrund eines Garantieversprechens, soweit diesbezüglich nichts anderes geregelt ist.

Dies gilt auch für mittelbare Folgeschäden wie insbesondere entgangenen Gewinn und für zwingende Haftung wie etwa nach dem Produkthaftungsgesetz.

8.2. Die Haftung ist - außer bei vorsätzlichen oder grob fahrlässigen Verhalten oder bei Schäden aus der Verletzung von Leben, Körper und Gesundheit und der Verletzung wesentlicher Vertragspflichten (Kardinalpflichten) - auf die bei Vertragsschluss typischer Weise vorhersehbaren Schäden und im Übrigen der Höhe nach auf die vertragstypischen Durchschnittsschäden begrenzt. Dies gilt auch für mittelbare Folgeschäden wie insbesondere entgangenen Gewinn.

8.3. Im Übrigen ist eine Haftung des Verkäufers ausgeschlossen.

8.4. Vorstehende Haftungsregelungen geltend sinngemäß auch zugunsten der Mitarbeiter und Erfüllungsgehilfen des Verkäufers.

9. Freistellung bei Verletzung von Drittrechten

Sofern der Verkäufer dem Kunden vertragsgemäß neben der Warenlieferung auch die Verarbeitung der Ware nach bestimmten Vorgaben des Kunden schuldet, hat der Kunde sicherzustellen, dass die dem Verkäufer von ihm zu diesem Zwecke überlassenen Inhalte nicht die Rechte Dritter verletzen. Die Vertragsparteien vereinbaren, dass der Kunde den Verkäufer von Ansprüchen Dritter in diesem Zusammenhang freistellt, außer, er hat die Rechtsverletzung nicht zu vertreten. Zu der Freistellung gehört auch die Übernahme der angemessenen Kosten der notwendigen Rechtsverteidigung, einschließlich aller Gerichts- und Anwaltskosten, in gesetzlicher Höhe. Der Kunde ist verpflichtet, dem Verkäufer bei einer Inanspruchnahme durch Dritte unverzüglich, vollständig und wahrheitsgemäß alle Informationen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die für die Prüfung der Ansprüche und eine Verteidigung erforderlich sind.

10. Einlösung von Geschenkgutscheinen

10.1. Gutscheine, die über den Online-Shop des Verkäufers käuflich erworben worden sind ("Geschenkgutscheine"), können entweder im Online-Shop oder vor Ort im Ladengeschäft des Verkäufers eingelöst werden.

10.2. Geschenkgutscheine und Restguthaben von Geschenkgutscheinen können bis zum Ende des dritten Jahres nach dem Jahr des Gutscheinkaufs eingelöst werden. Etwaige Restguthaben werden bis zum Ablaufdatum auf dem Gutscheinkonto des Kunden gutgeschrieben.

10.3. Geschenkgutscheine können ausschließlich vor Abschluss des Bestellvorgangs eingelöst werden. Eine nachträgliche Einlösung findet nicht statt.

10.4. Innerhalb einer Bestellung können mehrere Geschenkgutscheine eingelöst werden.

10.5. Geschenkgutscheine können nur für den Kauf von Waren eingelöst werden.
Der Kauf von weiteren Geschenkgutscheinen kann nicht per Gutschein bezahlt werden.

10.6. Sofern der Wert eines Geschenkgutscheins zur Bezahlung der jeweiligen Bestellung nicht ausreicht, kann zur Begleichung des Differenzbetrages eine der übrigen angebotenen Zahlungsarten verwendet werden.

10.7. Guthaben auf Geschenkgutscheinen werden nicht ausgezahlt und nicht verzinst.

10.8. Geschenkgutscheine sind grundsätzlich übertragbar.
Der Verkäufer kann mit befreiender Wirkung an den Kunden, der den jeweiligen Geschenkgutschein einlöst, leisten. Dies gilt nicht, wenn der Verkäufer Kenntnis oder grob fahrlässige Unkenntnis von der etwaigen Nichtberechtigung, der Geschäftsunfähigkeit oder der fehlenden Vertretungsberechtigung des jeweiligen Inhabers hat. 

11. Einlösung von Aktionsgutscheinen

11.1. Gutscheine, die der Verkäufer im Rahmen von (Werbe-)Aktionen mit einer bestimmten Gültigkeitsdauer unentgeltlich abgibt und der Kunden nicht käuflich erwerben kann ("Aktionsgutscheine"), sind nur im Online-Shop des Verkäufers und nur im vom Verkäufer angegebenen Zeitraum einlösbar.

11.2. Einzelne Produkte können von der Gutscheinaktion ausgeschlossen sein.
Die konkreten Beschränkungen sind gegebenenfalls dem Aktionsgutschein zu entnehmen.

11.3. Aktionsgutscheine können nur vor Abschluss des Bestellvorgangs eingelöst werden. Eine nachträgliche Verrechnung erfolgt nicht.

11.4. Pro Bestellung kann immer nur ein Aktionsgutschein eingelöst werden. Die Einlösung von mehreren Aktionsgutscheinen in einer Bestellung ist nicht möglich.

11.5. Der Warenwert der jeweiligen Bestellung muss mindestens den Betrag des Aktionsgutscheins erreichen. Etwaiges Restguthaben wird vom Verkäufer nicht erstattet.

11.6. Sofern der Wert eines Aktionsgutscheins zur Bezahlung der jeweiligen Bestellung nicht ausreicht, kann zur Begleichung des Differenzbetrages eine der übrigen angebotenen Zahlungsarten verwendet werden.

11.7. Das Guthaben eines Aktionsgutscheins wird weder ausgezahlt noch verzinst.

11.8. Der Aktionsgutschein wird ebenfalls nicht erstattet, wenn der Kunde die mit dem Aktionsgutschein ganz oder teilweise bezahlte Ware im Rahmen seines gesetzlichen Widerrufsrechts retourniert.

11.9. Aktionsgutscheine sind grundsätzlich übertragbar. 
Der Verkäufer kann mit befreiender Wirkung an den Kunden, der den jeweiligen Geschenkgutschein einlöst, leisten. Dies gilt nicht, wenn der Verkäufer Kenntnis oder grob fahrlässige Unkenntnis von der etwaigen Nichtberechtigung, der Geschäftsunfähigkeit oder der fehlenden Vertretungsberechtigung des jeweiligen Inhabers hat. 

12. Anwendbares Recht

Es gilt das Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland unter Ausschluss der Gesetze über den internationalen Kauf beweglicher Waren. 
Die gesetzlichen Vorschriften zur Beschränkung der Rechtswahl und zur Anwendbarkeit zwingender Vorschriften insbesondere des Staates, in dem der Kunde als Verbraucher seinen gewöhnlichen Aufenthalt hat, bleiben unberührt.

13. Gerichtsstand

Sofern der Kunde Kaufmann ist, eine juristische Person des öffentlichen Rechts oder öffentlich-rechtliches Sondervermögen mit Sitz im Hoheitsgebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ist der ausschließliche Gerichtsstand für alle Streitigkeiten aus diesem Vertrag der Geschäftssitz des Verkäufers.
Sofern der Kunde seinen Sitz außerhalb des Hoheitsgebiets der Bundesrepublik Deutschland hat, ist der Geschäftssitz des Verkäufers der ausschließliche Gerichtsstand für alle Streitigkeiten aus diesem Vertrag, wenn dieser Vertrag oder Ansprüche aus diesem Vertrag der beruflichen oder gewerblichen Tätigkeit des Kunden zugerechnet werden können.
Dennoch ist der Verkäufer ist in den vorgenannten Fällen auch berechtigt, das Gericht am Sitz des Kunden anzurufen.

14. Informationen zur Online-Streitbeilegung

Die Plattform zur Online-Streitbeilegung der EU-Kommission ist im Internet unter folgendem Link aufrufbar: https://ec.europa.eu/odr

Wir sind zur Teilnahme an einem Streitbeilegungsverfahren vor einer Verbraucherschlichtungsstelle weder verpflichtet noch bereit.

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The latest issue of ZooKeys - no. 346 - has been automatically registered in ZooBank on its day of publication last Friday. This marks the successful deployment of an automated registration-to-publication pipeline for taxonomic names for animals. The innovative workflow was jointly funded by the EU FP7 funded project pro-iBiosphere and a U.S. National Science Foundation project to develop the Global Names Architecture (DBI-1062441).

The process of post-publication recording and indexing of species names has a long tradition, in some cases dating as far back as the middle of 19th century. But now in the 21st century with the advance of modern technologies and the opportunity to publish taxonomic novelties online, the process of post-publication recording brought into focus the concept of automated pre-publication registration.

Why is this important? The proportion of 'turbo-taxonomic' papers describing hundreds of new species increases. Registration of hundreds of new species is an issue, however it is even more important that the final publication data of the pre-registered names are reported back to ZooBank on the day of publication.

Launched as an open access peer reviewed journal in 2008, to coincide and adopt from inception the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature changes for electronic publications, ZooKeys was the first journal to provide a mandatory in-house registration in ZooBank. Since 2008, it has contributed about one third of all names currently registered in ZooBank. With the adoption of the automated ZooBank registration, ZooKeys continues its mission to set novel trends in biodiversity publishing.

Implementation of automated workflows and invention of XML-based tools will facilitate the process of publication and dissemination of biodiversity information. It will pave the way for unification and streamlining the registration process, even more to building the next-generation e-infrastructure for a common global taxon names registry. Within the pro-iBiosphere project and in cooperation with Plazi that have created the TaxPub XML schema, an automated registration workflow for plants has already been established between the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) and the PhytoKeys journal, to be applied soon also for fungi between Index Fungorum and the journal MycoKeys.

Ecosystem functioning, or the role which organisms play in an ecosystem, is becoming increasingly important in marine ecological and conservation. To facilitate such studies an international team of scientists lead by S. Faulwetter from the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HMRC) present the Polytraitsdatabase that aims to provide re-usable, and accessible data on marine bristle worms. The paper describing the new database was published in the innovative Biodiversity Data Journal, a pioneer in the publication of integrated biological data.

Benthic organisms participate in a number of biological processes in world water basins. Their functional diversity is an important community property demonstrating the role organisms have in the ecosystem and helping to understand how the community reacts to environmental changes. Polychaetes, or bristle worms, are marine worms famous for their peculiar shapes and often vivid coloration. More than 10,000 species are described in the class worldwide, most of which living in the shelf zone of the seas and oceans, burrowing in the sediment or swimming among the plankton.

At present, the Polytraits database contains almost 20,000 records on morphological, behavioural and reproductive characteristics of more than 1,000 species, all referenced by literature sources. All data on these engaging organisms can be freely accessed through the project website in different ways and formats, both human-readable and machine-readable. The new database presents a rich and easy to use collection, which cover morphological, reproductive and behavioural characteristics of polychaetes, as well as information on environmental preferences in an attempt to facilitate ecological research and conservation studies.

The researchers also provide a leading-edge approach to accessing, integrating and re-using the data. Through programming interfaces, the life-cycle information is automatically integrated into the Polychaetes Scratchpads, together with other data on polychaetes. Scratchpads are easy to use, adaptable, and provide powerful tools for managing biodiversity data. This taxon-centric virtual research environment allows browsing the taxonomic classification and retrieving various kinds of relevant information for each taxon, among which are also the collected biological traits.

Furthermore, the data are also accessible through Encyclopedia of Life's TraitBank which currently features over 3 million records related to more than 250 attributes for 272,720 taxa, including the Polytraits data. TraitBank serves as a provider for aggregated species trait data. All data uploaded there are archived and integrated with trait information from other sources to address issues of standardization of scientific data. This is the first complex database for marine organisms to be published in such an innovative way and demonstrates yet another example of collaboration between the data publisher Pensoft and Encyclopedia of Life.