War-affected youth often suffer from multiple co-occurring mental health problems. The relationship of these conditions to later mental health has yet to be thoroughly investigated. There is a need to explore potential targets for mental health interventions.

After controlling for preexisting conditions and contemporary confounders, internalizing (depression and anxiety) remained the major predictor of future mental health symptoms (internalizing symptoms, prosocial attitudes/behaviors, and posttraumatic stress symptoms). Interventions targeting internalizing in war-affected youth hold promise. (Read the full article)

Attitudes and knowledge about appropriate management of common childhood illnesses may lead parents to mistakenly believe antibiotics are needed. Differences existed in antibiotic knowledge and attitudes between parents of Medicaid- and commercially insured children and according to other sociodemographic variables.

Despite efforts to decrease unnecessary antibiotic use, misconceptions about antibiotic use persist and continue to be more prevalent among parents of Medicaid-insured children. Tailored efforts for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations remain warranted to decrease parental drivers of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. (Read the full article)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common and serious first manifestation of diabetes mellitus in children. During initial evaluation, the venous blood pH is frequently used to make the diagnosis and classify the severity of DKA.

This study demonstrates that the serum bicarbonate concentration is a simple and accurate predictor of DKA and its severity and can be used in lieu of venous pH measurement, especially in resource-poor settings where access to pH measurement is limited. (Read the full article)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare and severe immunologic phenomenon characterized by rash and mucous membrane disease. SJS may be triggered by medications and, less commonly, by infections such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp). Outbreaks of SJS are exceedingly rare.

We describe the largest SJS outbreak reported in children, which was also Mp-associated. In the first case-control study of this disease, we identify predictors of Mp-associated SJS versus non–Mp-associated SJS, including fewer skin lesions, pneumonia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. (Read the full article)

Street youth demonstrate elevated mortality compared with the general adolescent and young adult population. Suicide is a leading cause of death among street youth. Many street youth have experienced childhood maltreatment, including abuse and neglect.

In this prospective cohort of street youth, self-reported attempted suicide and history of childhood maltreatment were common. Individuals who experienced childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, or emotional neglect were at highest risk of attempting suicide. (Read the full article)

Late preterm infants, compared with full-term infants, have less proficiency in reading and math at school age, with increased need for individualized educational plans and special education services. They also have lower cognitive performance on standardized IQ exams.

Late preterm infants have worse outcomes at school entry, and development is variable during the preschool years, so socioeconomic status, language spoken in the home, maternal education, maternal race, and being a late preterm infant have a large impact. (Read the full article)

Unmet health care need in adolescence is associated with poor contemporaneous health outcomes. Adolescence is increasingly recognized as an important stage of the life-course, when there may be a significant opportunity for health care interventions to improve later health outcomes.

The odds of adverse adult health outcomes were 13% to 52% higher among subjects who had reported unmet health care need in adolescence, compared with subjects with similar adolescent health outcomes, insurance coverage, and sociodemographic background but no unmet need. (Read the full article)

Childhood inflammatory mediators are associated with adult obesity, but the stimuli that initiate and perpetuate chronic inflammation start in early life are largely unknown.

Childhood infection-related hospitalization was independently associated with adverse adult metabolic variables, which suggests that infections and/or their treatment in childhood may contribute to causal pathways leading to adult cardiometabolic diseases. (Read the full article)

Historically, children with end-stage renal disease who initiated chronic dialysis during the first year of life were far less likely to survive or successfully receive a kidney transplant compared with those who initiated chronic dialysis at older ages.

In recent years, survival has improved markedly among children who initiate chronic peritoneal dialysis at <1 year of age. Among those infants who initiate dialysis after the neonatal period and later undergo kidney transplantation, graft survival has improved as well. (Read the full article)

Concern of the risk of malignancy from ionizing radiation has prompted many to advocate for judicious use of computed tomography (CT) and as low as necessary radiation doses administered per scan. Recent analysis has shown a decline in CT utilization.

We identified decreases in CT utilization between 2004 and 2012 for the 10 most common diagnostic groups receiving CT. Decreases were typically associated with increases in alternate imaging modalities. We provide a possible reason for the decrease in CT utilization. (Read the full article)

Increasing percentages of youth are living with chronic medical conditions. Although adolescents face peak risks for onset and intensification of alcohol and marijuana use, we know little about these behaviors and their associations with treatment adherence among chronically ill youth.

This study quantifies alcohol and marijuana use behaviors among a heterogeneous sample of chronically ill youth in aggregate and by condition, and measures associations between alcohol use/binge drinking and knowledge about alcohol interactions with medications/laboratory tests and also treatment nonadherence. (Read the full article)

Adding second-stage automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing for infants who failed the initial OAE test in a two-stage neonatal hearing screening has been shown to reduce false referrals to the hearing clinic.

Infants with hearing loss may be missed by a 2-stage hearing screening because they pass the automated ABR test. In our study, a significant number of infants with hearing loss >45 decibel hearing level passed screening with automated ABR. (Read the full article)

Preschool language delay predicts poorer academic performance, employment opportunities, and social relationships. Language for Learning, a systematic, population-based intervention for 4-year-olds with low language, is feasible, acceptable and has short-term benefits, but long-term benefits are unknown.

Population ascertainment at age 4 followed by a yearlong, one-on-one home program benefited phonological skills (an important literacy determinant) at age 6, but not the primary language outcomes. To be cost-effective, future follow-up would need to demonstrate lasting academic benefits. (Read the full article)

Many studies have suggested that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly co-occuring neurodevelopmental conditions.

In children with co-occurring ASD and ADHD, an initial ADHD diagnosis may be associated with delayed ASD diagnosis and a higher likelihood of ASD diagnosis older than 6 years of age. Clinicians should consider ASD when evaluating young children presenting with ADHD symptoms. (Read the full article)

Both short and long interpregnancy intervals are associated with increased risk of autism in second-born children. However, it is not known if the association is explained by unfavorable birth outcomes of the previous siblings.

Both short and long interpregnancy intervals increase risk of autism in second-born children independently of previous siblings being born premature, having low birth weight, or being born by cesarean delivery and independently of maternal antidepressant use 3 months before pregnancy. (Read the full article)

Executive functioning and excess weight have been associated in both cross-sectional and prospective studies, but mechanisms explaining this relationship are unclear.

Impulsivity and planning at age 10 predicted age 10 to 16 BMI changes, and age 12 binge-eating tendencies mediated the relation between impulsivity at age 10 and changes in BMI change through age 16. (Read the full article)

Although whole fruit intake has increased among US youth from 2003 to 2010, little is known about the specific types of fruits youth consume and whether consumption varies by age, poverty status, gender, and race or Hispanic origin.

Twelve discrete fruits and fruit juices contribute almost 90% of total fruit consumed by US youth. Consumption of specific fruits and 100% fruit juices was associated with age and race or Hispanic origin but not gender or poverty status. (Read the full article)

Children with medical complexity require a disproportionate amount of health services due to a multitude of chronic severe illness, and their impact on the health care system appears to be increasing.

This study provides one of the first comparisons of health care utilization patterns for children with medical complexity between medical centers in a population-based cohort. (Read the full article)

A number of studies have reported an association between birth by cesarean delivery and adverse childhood health outcomes such as obesity, asthma, atopy, and a number of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, these studies have had limited capacity to control for confounders.

Using a prospective cohort while controlling for birth factors, social vulnerability, maternal BMI, and breastfeeding, we found few differences between children delivered by cesarean delivery and those born vaginally. Higher child BMI was explained by maternal BMI. (Read the full article)

Seven percent of children in the United States receive mental health services each year. There are more pediatric outpatient mental health care visits to primary care physicians (PCPs) than to psychiatrists. Mental health utilization patterns regarding different conditions and medication prescribing are unknown.

One-third of children with mental health conditions see PCPs only. A greater proportion of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder see PCPs for this than do those with anxiety/mood disorders. Children seeing PCPs are prescribed psychotropic medications more often than those seeing psychiatrists. (Read the full article)

Small for gestational age neonates (weight <10th percentile) are at risk for neutropenia during the first days after birth. However, the duration, responsible mechanism, and outcomes of this variety of neonatal neutropenia are not precisely known.

Six percent of small for gestational age neonates had neutrophils <1000/μL, with an average neutropenia duration of 7 days. Neutropenia was more closely linked with small for gestational age status than maternal hypertension. This neutropenia is associated with elevated nucleated red blood cell count and increased odds of necrotizing enterocolitis. (Read the full article)

Strictly-defined pediatric bipolar I disorder (BP-I) is a serious condition. Although lithium is a benchmark treatment and has shown effectiveness in adults for decades, no definitive efficacy or long-term safety studies had been performed in pediatric patients with BP-I.

This study provides evidence to support the efficacy of lithium in the acute treatment of youths with BP-I who are currently in a manic or mixed state. Lithium had an adverse effect profile that was acceptable for most patients. (Read the full article)

Pediatric autoimmune hepatitis is an uncommon condition; children and youth can present with a diverse and insidious clinical course and biochemical features. Response to treatment is generally good, and transplantation is rarely needed.

This population-based study adds knowledge regarding the incidence of pediatric autoimmune hepatitis in Canada, as well as a description of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches among centers. Long-term outcomes are also described. (Read the full article)

Legitimate opioid is a risk factor for subsequent misuse of opioids among adults. This study provides the first population-based estimate of the risk of future opioid misuse associated with legitimate opioid use among adolescents.

Use of prescribed opioids before the 12th grade is independently associated with future opioid misuse among patients with little drug experience and who disapprove of illegal drug use. (Read the full article)

Given the efforts to decrease the use of ionizing radiation in pediatric patients, there is significant variability in head computed tomography (CT) scan use in pediatric emergency departments for minor head trauma.

This study characterized variability in CT scan rates for all body regions in emergency department, observation, and inpatient encounters across 30 tertiary pediatric hospitals. Two-fold variation remained after case-mix adjustment, with higher volume hospitals having lower rates of CT scanning. (Read the full article)

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be at elevated risk for unhealthy weight. Samples of children with verified clinical diagnoses of ASD have been lacking, and associations with child behavior and functioning are not well understood.

Young children (2–5 years old) and adolescents (12–17 years old) with ASDs were at an elevated risk for unhealthy weight status compared with a general population sample. The presence of sleep or affective problems may confer increased risk among those with ASD. (Read the full article)

Smartphones and tablets are good alarm clocks, but these apps make them great.

The National Math and Science Initiative's new tool aims to help the field look for patterns in STEM data, so educators and policy folks can fill in holes.

Math discourse is a technique that works as well virtually as it does on paper or in face-to-face classrooms, according to experts.

Educators are changing instructional priorities, altering lessons, and working on ways to help teachers grow professionally, all in an effort to raise math achievement.

The Financial Sector Conduct Authority warns the public not to conduct financial services business with Masibekele Funeral Parlour and MISI Burial Society.

This year at the sports and English camp in Bulgaria, the team noticed the fruit of building on relationships over time.

Even the most promising education innovations often struggle to gain traction. In a new paper, New Classrooms CEO Joel Rose identifies three barriers to innovation and what to do about them.

On Thursday, Valve showed off footage for Half-Life: Alyx, which will be set before the events of Half-Life 2. Instead of using a mouse and keyboard, you'll need a VR headset to play it.

The game's developer Ndemic Creations is adding the new 'Fake News' game scenario to raise awareness about the dangers of falsehoods and internet conspiracy theories ahead of the UK election. The new mode is now available in the iOS version.

Target is offering a buy two, get one free deal on hundreds of Star Wars items, including toys, clothing, bedding, and more.

Quantum machine learning, an emerging field that combines machine learning and quantum physics, is the focus of research to discover possible treatments for COVID-19, according to Penn State researchers, who believe that this method could be faster and more economical than the current methods used for drug discovery.

Erin Cuthbert's strike for Chelsea at Lyon has been named goal of the season: watch the top ten.

A program in Howard County, Md., is built on the insight that children can have strong emotions around academics, and those emotions can sabotage learning.

Overall, average scores were up two points since 2014 on the National Assessment of Educational Progress in Technology and Engineering Literacy.

From 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday, March 28, members of the Penn College community will welcome thousands of potential enrollees and their families, opening wide the doors to a landmark institution that has helped tomorrow makers fulfill their destinies for more than a century.

Educators are wrestling with tough questions as more schools embrace personalized learning and its accompanying belief in giving students more control over their academic experiences.

The growing popularity of voice-activated technologies is forcing educators to think about the role such tools play in preparing students for the jobs of the future.

Redmond's pitch for its latest tablet is a crazy man screaming at himself.

Ya paso otro año así que le daremos otro vistazo a nuestra busca perpetua por el ISP mas veloz en México

We provide a guide to the timekeeping involved in a game of futsal.

Our guide to how foul play is dealt with in futsal.

We offer a guide to the roles of the officials in futsal.

Inter's Diego Forlán offers an insight into the diet of a professional footballer.