The world is getting smaller and increasingly interdependent every day. As a result, national and regional developments are, as a matter of necessity, seen in a global framework. States want to preserve their independence but they are confronted with a growing list of problems which they can only solve in co-operation with others. The sheer scale of the issues at stake calls for an institutional framework to give that co-operation a more permanent structure.

It is therefore appropriate in the framework of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws to make accessible comprehensive, substantial and readily available information on the most important intergovernmental organizations, given their importance for the development of international law and intergovernmental co-operation in general. The fundamental changes taking place nowadays at an incredible pace within IGOs render it all the more necessary to put this information within easy reach. Some 55 leading organizations will be described in separate monographs of approximately 150 pages each.

For detailed information on all volumes of the Encyclopaedia, please visit: www.ielaws.com.

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This set in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws covers national and international environmental law. National monographs contain a description of the country's environmental legislation, an overview of the basic principles of environmental law, the historical background, the role of governmental institutions and the sources of environmental law.

Other subjects covered for each country include pollution control legislation, nature and conservation management, zoning and land-use planning, liability questions and judicial remedies. In addition, international monographs cover international legislation and treaties and the environmental legislation of the European Economic Community.

For detailed information on all volumes of the Encyclopaedia, please visit: www.ielaws.com.

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Author: Eric S. Berman, CPA

Demonstrates in a detailed manner how a governmental entity can implement the complex standards established by GASB-34 and beyond through a worksheet approach. (A companion publication, Governmental GAAP Guide, discusses financial accounting and reporting standards necessary to prepare the basic external financial statements of a governmental entity.) The emphasis of Governmental GAAP Practice Manual is on the process of preparing financial statements.

Chapter 1 of the Governmental GAAP Practice Manual provides a detailed analysis of the interrelationship between the modified accrual basis of accounting and the accrual basis of accounting. Included is a comprehensive checklist of transactions and events that typically require a worksheet entry. Starting in Chapter 2 is a comprehensive illustration that continues through the remaining chapters of the book. For governmental funds, a variety of transactions are illustrated and journalized in Chapters 2 through 6, which result in a year-end trial balance for each individual fund based on the modified accrual basis of accounting. In Chapter 14, these trial balances are used as the basis for developing the information needed to prepare the fund financial statements. Chapter 16 illustrates the worksheet methodology for converting the information to the accrual basis.

A similar approach is used for proprietary funds and fiduciary funds.

In Chapter 16 the basic financial statements (including the fund financial statements and government-wide statements) are prepared based on the information developed in Chapter 13 and Chapter 14. Chapter 17 provides a discussion of note disclosure concepts and a listing of the required note disclosures applicable to state and local government financial statements. Chapter 18 discusses and develops information related to management's discussion and analysis and other required supplementary information. Chapter 19 illustrates combining financial statements that are presented as part of supplementary information included in a governmental entity's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. Chapter 20 provides the preparers of financial statements with an in-depth review of the statistical section of the CAFR.

Governmental Funds

• The General Fund
• Special Revenue Funds
• Capital Project Funds
• Debt Service Funds
• Permanent Funds

• Enterprise Funds
• Internal Service Funds

• Pension (and Other Employee Benefits) Trust Funds
• Private-Purpose Trust Funds
• Investment Trust Funds and Individual Investment Accounts
• Agency Funds

• Developing Information for Fund Financial Statements
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Full Article

Demonstrates in a detailed manner how a governmental entity can implement the complex standards established by GASB-34 and beyond through a worksheet approach. (A companion publication, Governmental GAAP Guide, discusses financial accounting and reporting standards necessary to prepare the basic external financial statements of a governmental entity.) The emphasis of Governmental GAAP Practice Manual is on the process of preparing financial statements.

Chapter 1 provides a detailed analysis of the interrelationship between the modified accrual basis of accounting and the accrual basis of accounting. Included is a comprehensive checklist of transactions and events that typically require a worksheet entry. Starting in Chapter 2 is a comprehensive illustration that continues through the remaining chapters of the book. For governmental funds, a variety of transactions are illustrated and journalized in Chapters 2 through 6, which result in a year-end trial balance for each individual fund based on the modified accrual basis of accounting. In Chapter 14, these trial balances are used as the basis for developing the information needed to prepare the fund financial statements. Chapter 16 illustrates the worksheet methodology for converting the information to the accrual basis.

A similar approach is used for proprietary funds and fiduciary funds.

Chapter 17 uses the information developed in previous chapters to present management's discussion and analysis, notes, and other required supplementary information mandated by the GASB standards.

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Eric S. Berman, CPA

Analyzes all of the accounting principles for financial reporting by state and local governments. GASB Statements, GASB Interpretations, GASB Technical Bulletins as well as releases of the National Council on Governmental Accounting (NCGA) that remain in effect as of the date of publication, including Statements and NCGA Interpretations are restated in plain English and supported by timesaving examples and illustrations. Certain AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide concepts are also discussed. In one comprehensive volume, this impressive guide explains completely the financial accounting and reporting standards that are necessary in preparing the basic external financial statements of a governmental entity.

I. Basic Governmental Accounting Concepts and Standards

1 Foundation and Overview of Governmental Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
2 Budgetary Accounting and Reporting
3 Basis of Accounting and Measurement Focus
4 Governmental Reporting Entity
5 Terminology and Classification

6 Governmental Funds
7 Proprietary Funds
8 Fiduciary Funds

9 Deposits, Investments, and Derivative Instruments
10 Capital Assets
11 Other Assets
12 Long-Term Debt
13 Pension, Postemployment, and Other Employee Benefit Liabilities
14 Leases and Service Concession Arrangements
15 Risk Management, Claims, and Judgments
16 Other Liabilities
17 Revenues: Nonexchange and Exchange Transactions
18 Expenses/Expenditures: Nonexchange and Exchange Transactions
19 Special Assessments

20 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report

21 Public Colleges and Universities
22 Pension and Other Postemployment Benefit Plans
23 Public Entity Risk Pools