The title mol­ecule, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C23H17ClN2)]·C3H7NO, is twisted end to end and the central N/C/N unit is disordered. In the crystal, several C—H⋯π(ring) inter­actions lead to the formation of layers, which are connected by further C—H⋯π(ring) inter­actions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H⋯H (60.2%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (27.0%) inter­actions. Hydrogen bonding, C—H⋯π(ring) inter­actions and van der Waals inter­actions dominate the crystal packing.

The title compound, (C4H12N)[V(C12H8N4O2)O2]·H2O, was synthesized via aerial oxidation on refluxing picolinohydrazide with ethyl picolinate followed by addition of VIVO(acac)2 and di­ethyl­amine in methanol. It crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system in space group Poverline{1}. In the complex anion, the dioxidovanadium(V) moiety exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. In the crystal, extensive hydrogen bonding links the water mol­ecule to two complex anions and one di­ethyl­ammonium ion. One of the CH2 groups in the di­ethyl­amine is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.7:0.3 ratio.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C31H28N2O4S·C2H6O, contains a parent mol­ecule and a half mol­ecule of ethanol solvent. The main compound stabilizes its mol­ecular conformation by forming a ring with an R12(7) motif with the ethanol solvent mol­ecule. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, C—H⋯π inter­actions also strengthen the mol­ecular packing.

The title compound, [Mo3(C9H18NS2)3(S2)3S]2S, crystallizes on a general position in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14). The cationic [Mo3S7(S2CNiBu2)3]+ fragments are joined by a mono­sulfide dianion that forms close S⋯S contacts to each of the di­sulfide ligands on the side of the Mo3 plane opposite the μ32− ligand. The two Mo3 planes are inclined at an angle of 40.637 (15)°, which gives the assembly an open clamshell-like appearance. One μ6-S2−⋯S22− contact, at 2.4849 (14) Å, is appreciably shorter than the remaining five, which are in the range 2.7252 (13)–2.8077 (14) Å.

The new palladium(II) complex, [Pd(C16H16N4O3)2](CF3COO)2·2CF3COOH, crystallizes in the triclinic space group Poverline{1} with the asymmetric unit containing half the cation (PdII site symmetry Ci), one tri­fluoro­actetate anion and one co-crystallized tri­fluoro­acetic acid mol­ecule. Two neutral chelating 2-[5-(3,4,5-tri­meth­oxy­phen­yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]pyridine ligands coordinate to the PdII ion through the triazole-N and pyridine-N atoms in a distorted trans-PdN4 square-planar configuration [Pd—N 1.991 (2), 2.037 (2) Å; cis N—Pd—N 79.65 (8), 100.35 (8)°]. The complex cation is quite planar, except for the methoxo groups (δ = 0.117 Å for one of the C atoms). The planar configuration is supported by two intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, the π–π-stacked cations are arranged in sheets parallel to the ab plane that are flanked on both sides by the tri­fluoro­acetic acid–tri­fluoro­acetate anion pairs. Apart from classical N/O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, weak C—H⋯F/N/O contacts consolidate the three-dimensional architecture. Both tri­fluoro­acetic moieties were found to be disordered over two resolvable positions with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.587 (1):0.413 (17) and 0.530 (6):0.470 (6) for the protonated and deprotonated forms, respectively.

The title mol­ecule, C18H26O4, consists of two symmetrical halves related by the inversion centre at the mid-point of the central –C—C– bond. The hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are connected into dimers by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with R22(8) ring motifs, forming zigzag ribbons along the b-axis direction. According to a Hirshfeld surface analysis, H⋯H (68.2%) and O⋯H/H⋯O (25.9%) inter­actions are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing. The contribution of some disordered solvent to the scattering was removed using the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] in PLATON. The solvent contribution was not included in the reported mol­ecular weight and density.

Three organoplatinum(II) complexes bearing natural aryl­olefin and quinoline derivatives, namely, [4-meth­oxy-5-(2-meth­oxy-2-oxoeth­oxy)-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phen­yl](quinolin-8-olato)platinum(II), [Pt(C13H15O4)(C9H6NO)], (I), [4-meth­oxy-5-(2-oxo-2-propoxyeth­oxy)-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phen­yl](quinoline-2-carboxy­l­ato)platinum(II), [Pt(C15H19O4)(C10H6NO2)], (II), and chlorido­[4-meth­oxy-5-(2-oxo-2-propoxyeth­oxy)-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phen­yl](quinoline)­plat­inum(II), [Pt(C15H19O4)Cl(C9H7N)], (III), were synthesized and structurally characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the cyclo­platinated aryl­olefin coordinates with PtII via the carbon atom of the phenyl ring and the C=Colefinic group. The deprotonated 8-hy­droxy­quinoline (C9H6NO) and quinoline-2-carb­oxy­lic acid (C10H6NO2) coordinate with the PtII atom via the N and O atoms in complexes (I) and (II) while the quinoline (C9H7N) coordinates via the N atom in (III). Moreover, the coordinating N atom in complexes (I)–(III) is in the cis position compared to the C=Colefinic group. The crystal packing is characterized by C—H⋯π, C—H⋯O [for (II) and (III)], C—H⋯Cl [for (III) and π–π [for (I)] inter­actions.

Three new 1H-indole derivatives, namely, 2-(bromo­meth­yl)-3-methyl-1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indole, C16H14BrNO2S, (I), 2-[(E)-2-(2-bromo-5-meth­oxy­phen­yl)ethen­yl]-3-methyl-1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indole, C24H20BrNO3S, (II), and 2-[(E)-2-(2-bromo­phen­yl)ethen­yl]-3-methyl-1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indole, C23H18BrNO2S, (III), exhibit nearly orthogonal orientations of their indole ring systems and sulfonyl-bound phenyl rings. Such conformations are favourable for inter­molecular bonding involving sets of slipped π–π inter­actions between the indole systems and mutual C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds, with the generation of two-dimensional monoperiodic patterns. The latter are found in all three structures, in the form of supra­molecular columns with every pair of successive mol­ecules related by inversion. The crystal packing of the compounds is additionally stabilized by weaker slipped π–π inter­actions between the outer phenyl rings (in II and III) and by weak C—H⋯O, C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds. The structural significance of the different kinds of inter­actions agree with the results of a Hirshfeld surface analysis and the calculated inter­action energies. In particular, the largest inter­action energies (up to −60.8 kJ mol−1) are associated with pairing of anti­parallel indole systems, while the energetics of weak hydrogen bonds and phenyl π–π inter­actions are comparable and account for 13–34 kJ mol−1.

The crystal structures of 2-[1'-(carb­oxy­meth­yl)-4,4'-bi­pyridine-1,1'-diium-1-yl]acetate tetra­fluoro­borate, C14H13N2O4+·BF4− or (Hbcbpy)(BF4), and neutral 1,1'-bis­(carboxyl­atometh­yl)-4,4'-bi­pyridine-1,1'-diium (bcbpy), C14H20N2O8, are reported. The asymmetric unit of the (Hbcbpy)(BF4) consists of a Hbcbpy+ monocation, a BF4− anion, and one-half of a water mol­ecule. The BF4− anion is disordered. Two pyridinium rings of the Hbcbpy+ monocation are twisted at a torsion angle of 30.3 (2)° with respect to each other. The Hbcbpy monocation contains a carb­oxy­lic acid group and a deprotonated carboxyl­ate group. Both groups exhibit both a long and a short C—O bond. The cations are linked by inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between the carb­oxy­lic acid and the deprotonated carboxyl­ate group to give one-dimensional zigzag chains. The asymmetric unit of the neutral bcbpy consists of one-half of the bcbpy and two water mol­ecules. In contrast to the Hbcbpy+ monocation, the neutral bcbpy mol­ecule contains two pyridinium rings that are coplanar with each other and a carboxyl­ate group with similar C—O bond lengths. The mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between water mol­ecules and carboxyl­ate groups, forming a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network.

The structure of polymeric catena-poly[2-amino­benzimidazolium [[dioxidovanadium(V)]-μ-oxido]], {(C7H8N3)2[V2O6]}n, has monoclinic symmetry. The title compound is of inter­est with respect to anti­cancer activity. In the crystal structure, infinite linear zigzag vanadate (V2O6)2− chains, constructed from corner-sharing VO4 tetra­hedra and that run parallel to the a axis, are present. Two different protonated 2-amino­benzimidazole mol­ecules are located between the (V2O6)2– chains and form classical N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the vanadate oxygen atoms, which contribute to the cohesion of the structure.

The crystal structures of 4-benzyl-1H-pyrazole (C10H10N2, 1) and 3,5-di­amino-4-benzyl-1H-pyrazole (C10H12N4, 2) were measured at 150 K. Although its different conformers and atropenanti­omers easily inter­convert in solution by annular tautomerism and/or rotation of the benzyl substituent around the C(pyrazole)—C(CH2) single bond (as revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy), 1 crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group P21. Within its crystal structure, the pyrazole and phenyl aromatic moieties are organized into alternating bilayers. Both pyrazole and phenyl layers consist of aromatic rings stacked into columns in two orthogonal directions. Within the pyrazole layer, the pyrazole rings form parallel catemers by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding. Compound 2 adopts a similar bilayer structure, albeit in the centrosymmetric space group P21/c, with pyrazole N—H protons as donors in N—H⋯π hydrogen bonds with neighboring pyrazole rings, and NH2 protons as donors in N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds with adjacent pyrazoles and other NH2 moieties. The crystal structures and supra­molecular features of 1 and 2 are contrasted with the two known structures of their analogs, 3,5-dimethyl-4-benzyl-1H-pyrazole and 3,5-diphenyl-4-benzyl-1H-pyrazole.

Two new [1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]methanamine derivatives, namely, N-(3-meth­oxy­phen­yl)-N-{[1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]meth­yl}acetamide, C24H22N2O4S, (I), and N-(2,5-di­meth­oxy­phen­yl)-N-{[1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]meth­yl}benzene­sulfonamide, C29H26N2O6S2, (II), reveal a nearly orthogonal orientation of their indole ring systems and sulfonyl-bound phenyl rings. The sulfonyl moieties adopt the anti-periplanar conformation. For both compounds, the crystal packing is dominated by C—H⋯O bonding [C⋯O = 3.312 (4)–3.788 (8) Å], with the structure of II exhibiting a larger number, but weaker bonds of this type. Slipped π–π inter­actions of anti­parallel indole systems are specific for I, whereas the structure of II delivers two kinds of C—H⋯π inter­actions at both axial sides of the indole moiety. These findings agree with the results of Hirshfeld surface analysis. The primary contributions to the surface areas are associated with the contacts involving H atoms. Although II manifests a larger fraction of the O⋯H/H⋯O contacts (25.8 versus 22.4%), most of them are relatively distal and agree with the corresponding van der Waals separations.

The di­hydro­imidazole ring in the title mol­ecule, C20H20N2O3S, is slightly distorted and the lone pair on the tri-coordinate nitro­gen atom is involved in intra-ring π bonding. The methyl­sulfanyl substituent lies nearly in the plane of the five-membered ring while the ester substituent is rotated well out of that plane. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers, which are connected along the a- and c-axis directions by additional C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ac plane. The major contributors to the Hirshfeld surface are C⋯H/H⋯C, O⋯H/H⋯O and S⋯H/H⋯S contacts at 20.5%, 14.7% and 4.9%, respectively.

In the title compound, bis­[aqua­(2,2'-bi­pyridine)­fluorido­tin(II)] hexa­fluorido­tin(IV), [SnF(C10H8N2)(H2O)]2[SnF6], an ionic mixed-valent tin(II)–tin(IV) compound, the bivalent tin atom is the center atom of the cation and the tetra­valent tin atom is the center atom of the anion. With respect to the first coordination sphere, the cation is monomeric, with the tin(II) atom having a fourfold seesaw coordination with a fluorine atom in an equatorial position, a water mol­ecule in an axial position and the two nitro­gen atoms of the chelating 2,2'-bi­pyridine ligand in the remaining axial and equatorial positions. The bond lengths and angles of this hypervalent first coordination sphere are described by 2c–2e and 3c–4e bonds, respectively, all of which are based on the orthogonal 5p orbitals of the tin atom. In the second coordination sphere, which is based on an additional, very long tin–fluorine bond that leads to dimerization of the cation, the tin atom is trapezoidal–pyramidally coordinated. The tetra­valent tin atom of the centrosymmetric anion has an octa­hedral coordination. The differences in its tin–fluorine bond lengths are attributed to hydrogen bonding, as the two of the four fluorine atoms are each involved in two hydrogen bonds, linking anions and cations together to form strands.

This study presents the synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title mononuclear complex, [PdCl2(C12H14N4)]·C3H7NO. The compound crystalizes in the P21/c space group of the monoclinic system. The asymmetric unit contains one neutral complex Pd(HLc-Pe)Cl2 [HLc-Pe is 2-(3-cyclo­pentyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine] and one mol­ecule of DMF as a solvate. The Pd atom has a square-planar coordination. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. A Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the H⋯H contacts dominate the crystal packing with a contribution of 41.4%. The contribution of the N⋯H/H⋯N and H⋯O/O⋯H inter­actions is somewhat smaller, amounting to 12.4% and 5%, respectively.

A new pyridine-fused seleno­diazo­lium salt, 3-(phenyl­selan­yl)[1,2,4]selena­diazolo[4,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium chloride di­chloro­methane 0.352-solvate, C12H9N2Se2+·Cl−·0.352CH2Cl2, was obtained from the reaction between 2-pyridyl­selenenyl chloride and phenyl­seleno­cyanate. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed the presence of C—H⋯N, C—H⋯Cl−, C—H⋯Se hydrogen bonds as well as chalcogen–chalcogen (Se⋯Se) and chalcogen–halogen (Se⋯Cl−) inter­actions. Non-covalent inter­actions were explored by DFT calculations followed by topological analysis of the electron density distribution (QTAIM analysis). The structure consists of pairs of seleno­diazo­lium moieties arranged in a head-to-tail fashion surrounding disordered di­chloro­methane mol­ecules. The assemblies are connected by C—H⋯Cl− and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming layers, which stack along the c-axis direction connected by bifurcated Se⋯Cl−⋯H—C inter­actions.

The mol­ecule of the title compound, [Ni(C5H7O2)2(C8H9N3)(H2O)]·C2H5OH, has triclinic (Poverline{1}) symmetry. This compound is of inter­est for its anti­microbial properties. The asymmetric unit comprises two independent complex mol­ecules, which are linked by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds along [111]. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that 71.7% of inter­mol­ecular inter­actions come from H⋯H contacts, 17.7% from C⋯H/H⋯C contacts and 7.6% from O⋯H/H⋯O contacts, with the remaining contribution coming from N⋯H/H⋯N, C⋯N/N⋯C, C⋯C and O⋯O contacts.

During our studies of the oxidation of gold(I) complexes of tri­alkyl­phosphane chalcogenides, general formula R1R2R3PEAuX, (R = tert-butyl or isopropyl, E = S or Se, X = Cl or Br) with PhICl2 or elemental bromine, we have isolated a set of seven mixed-valence by-products, the bis­(tri­alkyl­phosphane chalcogenido)gold(I) tetra­halogenidoaurates(III) [(R1R2R3PE)2Au]+[AuX4]−. These corres­pond to the addition of one halogen atom per gold atom of the AuI precursor. Com­pound 1, bis­(triiso­propyl­phosphane sulfide)­gold(I) tetra­chlorido­aur­ate(III), [Au(C9H21PS)2][AuCl4] or [(iPr3PS)2Au][AuCl4], crystallizes in space group P21/n with Z = 4; the gold(I) atoms of the two cations lie on twofold rotation axes, and the gold(III) atoms of the two anions lie on inversion centres. Compound 2, bis­(tert-butyl­diiso­propyl­phosphane sulfide)­gold(I) tetra­chlorido­aurate(III), [Au(C10H23PS)2][AuCl4] or [(tBuiPr2PS)2Au][AuCl4], crystallizes in space group P1 with Z = 4; the asymmetric unit contains two cations and two anions with no imposed symmetry. A least-squares fit of the two cations gave an r.m.s. deviation of 0.19 Å. Compound 3, bis­(tri-tert-butyl­phosphane sulfide)­gold(I) tetra­chlorido­aurate(III), [Au(C12H27PS)2][AuCl4] or [(tBu3PS)2Au][AuCl4], crystallizes in space group P1 with Z = 1; both gold atoms lie on inversion centres. Compound 4a, bis­(tert-butyl­diiso­propyl­phosphane sulfide)­gold(I) tetra­bromi­doaurate(III), [Au(C10H23PS)2][AuBr4] or [(tBuiPr2PS)2Au][AuBr4], crystallizes in space group P21/c with Z = 4; the cation lies on a general position, whereas the gold(III) atoms of the two anions lie on inversion centres. Compound 4b, bis­(tert-butyl­diiso­propyl­phosphane selenide)gold(I) tetra­bromido­aurate(III), [Au(C10H23PSe)2][AuBr4] or [(tBuiPr2PSe)2Au][AuBr4], is isotypic with 4a. Compound 5a, bis­(tri-tert-butyl­phosphane sulfide)­gold(I) tetra­bromido­aurate(III), [Au(C12H27PS)2][AuBr4] or [(tBu3PS)2Au][AuBr4], is isotypic with compound 4a. Compound 5a, bis­(tri-tert-butyl­phosphane sulfide)­gold(I) tetra­bromido­aurate(III), [Au(C12H27PS)2][AuBr4] or [(tBu3PS)2Au][AuBr4], crystallizes in space group P1 with Z = 1; both gold atoms lie on inversion centres. Compound 5b, bis­(tri-tert-butyl­phosphane selenide)gold(I) tetra­bromido­aurate(III), [Au(C12H27PSe)2][AuBr4] or [(tBu3PSe)2Au][AuBr4], is isotypic with 5a. All AuI atoms are linearly coordinated and all AuIII atoms exhibit a square-planar coordination environment. The ligands at the AuI atoms are anti­periplanar to each other across the S⋯S vectors. There are several short intra­molecular H⋯Au and H⋯E contacts. Average bond lengths (Å) are: P—S = 2.0322, P—Se = 2.1933, S—Au = 2.2915, and Se—Au = 2.4037. The complex three-dimensional packing of 1 involves two short C—Hmethine⋯Cl contacts (and some slightly longer contacts). For 2, four C—Hmethine⋯Cl inter­actions combine to produce zigzag chains of residues parallel to the c axis. Additionally, an S⋯Cl contact is observed that might qualify as a ‘chalcogen bond’. The packing of 3 is three-dimensional, but can be broken down into two layer structures, each involving an S⋯Cl and an H⋯Cl contact. For the bromido derivatives 4a/b and 5a/b, loose associations of the anions form part of the packing patterns. For all four compounds, these combine with an E⋯Br contact to form layers parallel to the ab plane.

Reaction of copper(I)chloride with 2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine in ethanol leads to the formation of the title compound, poly[[μ-chlorido-μ-(2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine)-copper(I)] ethanol hemisolvate], {[CuCl(C6H8N2)]·0.5C2H5OH}n or CuCl(2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine) ethanol hemisolvate. Its asymmetric unit consists of two crystallographically independent copper cations, two chloride anions and two 2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine ligands as well as one ethanol solvate mol­ecule in general positions. The ethanol mol­ecule is disordered and was refined using a split model. The methyl H atoms of the 2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine ligands are also disordered and were refined in two orientations rotated by 60° relative to each other. In the crystal structure, each copper cation is tetra­hedrally coordinated by two N atoms of two bridging 2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine ligands and two μ-1,1-bridg­ing chloride anions. Each of the two copper cations are linked by pairs of bridging chloride anions into dinuclear units that are further linked into layers via bridging 2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine coligands. These layers are stacked in such a way that channels are formed in which the disordered solvent mol­ecules are located. The topology of this network is completely different from that observed in the two polymorphic modifications of CuCl(2,3-di­methyl­pyrazine) reported in the literature [Jess & Näther (2006). Inorg. Chem. 45, 7446–7454]. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the title compound is unstable and transforms immediately into an unknown crystalline phase.

Two new phenyl­sulfonyl­indole derivatives, namely, N-{[3-bromo-1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]meth­yl}-N-(4-bromo-3-meth­oxy­phen­yl)benzene­sulfonamide, C28H22Br2N2O5S2, (I), and N,N-bis­{[3-bromo-1-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]meth­yl}benzene­sulfonamide, C36H27Br2N3O6S3, (II), reveal the impact of intra­molecular π–π inter­actions of the indole moieties as a factor not only governing the conformation of N,N-bis­(1H-indol-2-yl)meth­yl)amines, but also significantly influencing the crystal patterns. For I, the crystal packing is dominated by C—H⋯π and π–π bonding, with a particular significance of mutual indole–indole inter­actions. In the case of II, the mol­ecules adopt short intra­molecular π–π inter­actions between two nearly parallel indole ring systems [with the centroids of their pyrrole rings separated by 3.267 (2) Å] accompanied by a set of forced Br⋯O contacts. This provides suppression of similar inter­actions between the mol­ecules, while the importance of weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding to the packing naturally increases. Short contacts of the latter type [C⋯O = 3.389 (6) Å] assemble pairs of mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers with a cyclic R22(13) ring motif. These findings are consistent with the results of a Hirshfeld surface analysis and together they suggest a tool for modulating the supra­molecular behavior of phenyl­sulfonyl­ated indoles.

Crystal growth of 2-(3,4,5-triphen­ylphen­yl)acetic acid (1) from aceto­nitrile yields a monosolvate, C26H20O2·CH3CN, of the space group P1. In the crystal, the title mol­ecule adopts a conformation in which the three phenyl rings are arranged in a paddlewheel-like fashion around the central arene ring and the carboxyl residue is oriented nearly perpendicular to the plane of this benzene ring. Inversion-symmetric dimers of O—H⋯O-bonded mol­ecules of 1 represent the basic supra­molecular entities of the crystal structure. These dimeric mol­ecular units are further linked by C—H⋯O=C bonds to form one-dimensional supra­molecular aggregates running along the crystallographic [111] direction. Weak Car­yl—H⋯N inter­actions occur between the mol­ecules of 1 and aceto­nitrile.

Lopinavir is a potent protease inhibitor that is used as a first-line pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of HIV. The multi-component solvated Lopinavir crystal, systematic name (2S)-N-[(2S,4S,5S)-5-[2-(2,6-di­methyl­phen­oxy)acetamido]-4-hy­droxy-1,6-di­phenyl­hexan-2-yl]-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,3-diazinan-1-yl)butanamide–ethane-1,2-diol–water (8/3/7) 8C37H48N4O5·3C2H6O2·7H2O, was prepared using evaporative methods. The crystalline material obtained from this experimental synthesis was characterized and elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The crystal structure is unusual in that the unit cell contains 18 mol­ecules. The stoichiometric ratio of this crystal is eight Lopinavir mol­ecules [8(C37H48N4O5)], three ethane-1,2-diol mol­ecules [3(C2H6O2)] and seven water mol­ecules [7(H2O)]. The crystal packing features both bi- and trifurcated hydrogen bonds between atoms.

The unit cell of the title compound, [Ni(C16H10ClN6)2]·2CH3OH, consists of a neutral complex and two methanol mol­ecules. In the complex, the two tridentate 2-(3-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine ligands coordinate to the central NiII ion through the N atoms of the pyrazole, pyridine and triazole groups, forming a pseudo­octa­hedral coordination sphere. Neighbouring tapered mol­ecules are linked through weak C—H(pz)⋯π(ph) inter­actions into monoperiodic chains, which are further linked through weak C—H⋯N/C inter­actions into diperiodic layers. The inter­molecular contacts were qu­anti­fied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H⋯H 32.8%, C⋯H/H⋯C 27.5%, N⋯H/H⋯N 15.1%, and Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl 14.0%. The average Ni—N bond distance is 2.095 Å. Energy framework analysis at the HF/3–21 G theory level was performed to qu­antify the inter­action energies in the crystal structure.

In the title compound, (C5H7N2)5[TeV9O28], the tellurium and vanadium atoms are statistically disordered over two of the ten metal-atom sites in the [TeV9O28]5– heteropolyanion. The anions stack along [100] and are extended into a three-dimensional supra­molecular network through N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the self-assembled 2-amino­pyridinium penta­mers, which are linked by C—H⋯π and π–π stacking inter­actions. The most important contributions to the Hirshfeld surface arise from O⋯H/H⋯O (54.8%), H⋯H (17.8%) and C⋯H/H⋯C (13.4%) contacts.

This study characterizes the microstructure and mineralogy of 132 (ODP sample), 1000 and 1880 million-year-old chert samples. By using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), wide-angle X-ray scattering and other techniques, the preservation of organic matter (OM) in these samples is studied. The scarce microstructural data reported on chert contrast with many studies addressing porosity evolution in other sedimentary rocks. The aim of this work is to solve the distribution of OM and silica in chert by characterizing samples before and after combustion to pinpoint the OM distribution inside the porous silica matrix. The samples are predominantly composed of alpha quartz and show increasing crystallite sizes up to 33 ± 5 nm (1σ standard deviation or SD). In older samples, low water abundances (∼0.03%) suggest progressive dehydration. (U)SAXS data reveal a porous matrix that evolves over geological time, including, from younger to older samples, (1) a decreasing pore volume down to 1%, (2) greater pore sizes hosting OM, (3) decreasing specific surface area values from younger (9.3 ± 0.1 m2 g−1) to older samples (0.63 ± 0.07 m2 g−1, 1σ SD) and (4) a lower background intensity correlated to decreasing hydrogen abundances. The pore-volume distributions (PVDs) show that pores ranging from 4 to 100 nm accumulate the greater volume fraction of OM. Raman data show aromatic organic clusters up to 20 nm in older samples. Raman and PVD data suggest that OM is located mostly in mesopores. Observed structural changes, silica–OM interactions and the hydro­phobicity of the OM could explain the OM preservation in chert.

In crystallographic texture analysis, ensuring that sample directions are preserved from experiment to the resulting orientation distribution is crucial to obtain physical meaning from diffraction data. This work details a procedure to ensure instrument and sample coordinates are consistent when analyzing diffraction data with a Rietveld refinement using the texture analysis software MAUD. A quartz crystal is measured on the HIPPO diffractometer at Los Alamos National Laboratory for this purpose. The methods described here can be applied to any diffraction instrument measuring orientation distributions in polycrystalline materials.

Van Vleck modes describe all possible displacements of octahedrally coordinated ligands about a core atom. They are a useful analytical tool for analysing the distortion of octahedra, particularly for first-order Jahn–Teller distortions, but determination of the Van Vleck modes of an octahedron is complicated by the presence of angular distortion of the octahedron. This problem is most commonly resolved by calculating the bond distortion modes (Q2, Q3) along the bond axes of the octahedron, disregarding the angular distortion and losing information on the octahedral shear modes (Q4, Q5 and Q6) in the process. In this paper, the validity of assuming bond lengths to be orthogonal in order to calculate the Van Vleck modes is discussed, and a method is described for calculating Van Vleck modes without disregarding the angular distortion. A Python package for doing this, VanVleckCalculator, is introduced and some examples of its use are given. Finally, it is shown that octahedral shear and angular distortion are often, but not always, correlated, and a parameter η is proposed as the shear fraction. It is demonstrated that η can be used to predict whether the values will be correlated when varying a tuning parameter such as temperature or pressure.

Hendrickson & Lattman [Acta Cryst. (1970), B26, 136–143] introduced a method for representing crystallographic phase probabilities defined on the unit circle. Their approach could model the bimodal phase probability distributions that can result from experimental phase determination procedures. It also provided simple and highly effective means to combine independent sources of phase information. The present work discusses the equivalence of the Hendrickson–Lattman distribution and the generalized von Mises distribution of order two, which has been studied in the statistical literature. Recognizing this connection allows the Hendrickson–Lattman distribution to be expressed in an alternative form which is easier to interpret, as it involves the location and concentration parameters of the component von Mises distributions. It also allows clarification of the conditions for bimodality and access to a simplified analytical method for evaluating the trigonometric moments of the distribution, the first of which is required for computing the best Fourier synthesis in the presence of phase, but not amplitude, uncertainty.

Fluctuation X-ray scattering (FXS) offers a complementary approach for nano- and bioparticle imaging with an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL), by extracting structural information from correlations in scattered XFEL pulses. Here a workflow is presented for single-particle structure determination using FXS. The workflow includes procedures for extracting the rotational invariants from FXS patterns, performing structure reconstructions via iterative phasing of the invariants, and aligning and averaging multiple reconstructions. The reconstruction pipeline is implemented in the open-source software xFrame and its functionality is demonstrated on several simulated structures.

This work presents observations of symmetry breakages in the intensity distributions of near-zone-axis convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns that can only be explained by the symmetry of the specimen and not the symmetry of the unit cell describing the atomic structure of the material. The specimen is an aluminium–copper–tin alloy containing voids many tens of nanometres in size within continuous single crystals of the aluminium host matrix. Several CBED patterns where the incident beam enters and exits parallel void facets without the incident beam being perpendicular to these facets are examined. The symmetries in their intensity distributions are explained by the specimen morphology alone using a geometric argument based on the multislice theory. This work shows that it is possible to deduce nanoscale morphological information about the specimen in the direction of the electron beam – the elusive third dimension in transmission electron microscopy – from the inspection of CBED patterns.

Analysis of small-angle scattering (SAS) data requires intensive modeling to infer and characterize the structures present in a sample. This iterative improvement of models is a time-consuming process. Presented here is Scattering Equation Builder (SEB), a C++ library that derives exact analytic expressions for the form factors of complex composite structures. The user writes a small program that specifies how the sub-units should be linked to form a composite structure and calls SEB to obtain an expression for the form factor. SEB supports e.g. Gaussian polymer chains and loops, thin rods and circles, solid spheres, spherical shells and cylinders, and many different options for how these can be linked together. The formalism behind SEB is presented and simple case studies are given, such as block copolymers with different types of linkage, as well as more complex examples, such as a random walk model of 100 linked sub-units, dendrimers, polymers and rods attached to the surfaces of geometric objects, and finally the scattering from a linear chain of five stars, where each star is built up of four diblock copolymers. These examples illustrate how SEB can be used to develop complex models and hence reduce the cost of analyzing SAS data.

From the historical roots of metalworking to the forefront of modern nanotechnology, functional materials have played a pivotal role in transforming societies, and their influence is poised to persist into the future. Encompassing a wide array of solid-state materials, spanning semiconductors to polymers, molecular crystals to nanoparticles, functional materials find application in critical sectors such as electronics, computers, information, communication, bio­technology, aerospace, defense, environment, energy, medicine and consumer products. This feature article delves into diverse instances of functional materials, exploring their structures, their properties and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to their outstanding performance across fields like batteries, photovoltaics, magnetics and heterogeneous catalysts. The field of structural sciences serves as the cornerstone for unraveling the intricate relationship between structure, dynamics and function. Acting as a bridge, it connects the fundamental understanding of materials to their practical applications.

X-ray ptychography is a lensless imaging technique that visualizes the nano­structure of a thick specimen which cannot be observed with an electron microscope. It reconstructs a complex-valued refractive index of the specimen from observed diffraction patterns. This reconstruction problem is called phase retrieval (PR). For further improvement in the imaging capability, including expansion of the depth of field, various PR algorithms have been proposed. Since a high-quality PR method is built upon a base PR algorithm such as ePIE, developing a well performing base PR algorithm is important. This paper proposes an improved iterative algorithm named CRISP. It exploits subgradient projection which allows adaptive step size and can be expected to avoid yielding a poor image. The proposed algorithm was compared with ePIE, which is a simple and fast-convergence algorithm, and its modified algorithm, rPIE. The experiments confirmed that the proposed method improved the reconstruction performance for both simulation and real data.

Ptychography is a powerful computational imaging technique with microscopic imaging capability and adaptability to various specimens. To obtain an imaging result, it requires a phase-retrieval algorithm whose performance directly determines the imaging quality. Recently, deep neural network (DNN)-based phase retrieval has been proposed to improve the imaging quality from the ordinary model-based iterative algorithms. However, the DNN-based methods have some limitations because of the sensitivity to changes in experimental conditions and the difficulty of collecting enough measured specimen images for training the DNN. To overcome these limitations, a ptychographic phase-retrieval algorithm that combines model-based and DNN-based approaches is proposed. This method exploits a DNN-based denoiser to assist an iterative algorithm like ePIE in finding better reconstruction images. This combination of DNN and iterative algorithms allows the measurement model to be explicitly incorporated into the DNN-based approach, improving its robustness to changes in experimental conditions. Furthermore, to circumvent the difficulty of collecting the training data, it is proposed that the DNN-based denoiser be trained without using actual measured specimen images but using a formula-driven supervised approach that systemically generates synthetic images. In experiments using simulation based on a hard X-ray ptychographic measurement system, the imaging capability of the proposed method was evaluated by comparing it with ePIE and rPIE. These results demonstrated that the proposed method was able to reconstruct higher-spatial-resolution images with half the number of iterations required by ePIE and rPIE, even for data with low illumination intensity. Also, the proposed method was shown to be robust to its hyperparameters. In addition, the proposed method was applied to ptychographic datasets of a Simens star chart and ink toner particles measured at SPring-8 BL24XU, which confirmed that it can successfully reconstruct images from measurement scans with a lower overlap ratio of the illumination regions than is required by ePIE and rPIE.

The first Federation of European Biochemical Societies Advanced Course on macromolecular crystallization was launched in the Czech Republic in October 2004. Over the past two decades, the course has developed into a distinguished event, attracting students, early career postdoctoral researchers and lecturers. The course topics include protein purification, characterization and crystallization, covering the latest advances in the field of structural biology. The many hands-on practical exercises enable a close interaction between students and teachers and offer the opportunity for students to crystallize their own proteins. The course has a broad and lasting impact on the scientific community as participants return to their home laboratories and act as nuclei by communicating and implementing their newly acquired knowledge and skills.

A procedure is presented to exactly obtain the apparent average crystallite size (ACS) of powder samples using standard in-house powder diffraction experiments without any restriction originating from the Scherrer equation. Additionally, the crystallite size distribution within the sample can be evaluated. To achieve this, powder diffractograms are background corrected and long-range radial distribution functions G(r) up to 300 nm are calculated from the diffraction data. The envelope function fenv of G(r) is approximated by a procedure determining the absolute maxima of G(r) in a certain interval (r range). Fitting of an ACS distribution envelope function to this approximation gives the ACS and its distribution. The method is tested on diffractograms of LaB6 standard reference materials measured with different wavelengths to demonstrate the validity of the approach and to clarify the influence of the wavelength used. The latter results in a general description of the maximum observable average crystallite size, which depends on the instrument and wavelength used. The crystallite site distribution is compared with particle size distributions based on transmission electron microscopy investigations, providing an approximation of the average number of crystallites per particle.

Compared with batch and vapor diffusion methods, counter diffusion can generate larger and higher-quality protein crystals yielding improved diffraction data and higher-resolution structures. Typically, counter-diffusion experiments are conducted in elongated chambers, such as glass capillaries, and the crystals are either directly measured in the capillary or extracted and mounted at the X-ray beamline. Despite the advantages of counter-diffusion protein crystallization, there are few fixed-target devices that utilize counter diffusion for crystallization. In this article, different designs of user-friendly counter-diffusion chambers are presented which can be used to grow large protein crystals in a 2D polymer microfluidic fixed-target chip. Methods for rapid chip fabrication using commercially available thin-film materials such as Mylar, propyl­ene and Kapton are also detailed. Rules of thumb are provided to tune the nucleation and crystal growth to meet users' needs while minimizing sample consumption. These designs provide a reliable approach to forming large crystals and maintaining their hydration for weeks and even months. This allows ample time to grow, select and preserve the best crystal batches before X-ray beam time. Importantly, the fixed-target microfluidic chip has a low background scatter and can be directly used at beamlines without any crystal handling, enabling crystal quality to be preserved. The approach is demonstrated with serial diffraction of photoactive yellow protein, yielding 1.32 Å resolution at room temperature. Fabrication of this standard microfluidic chip with commercially available thin films greatly simplifies fabrication and provides enhanced stability under vacuum. These advances will further broaden microfluidic fixed-target utilization by crystallographers.

Geological samples are inherently multi-scale. Understanding their bulk physical and chemical properties requires characterization down to the nano-scale. A powerful technique to study the three-dimensional microstructure is X-ray tomography, but it lacks information about the chemistry of samples. To develop a methodology for measuring the multi-scale 3D microstructure of geological samples, correlative X-ray micro- and nanotomography were performed on two rocks followed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. The study was performed in five steps: (i) micro X-ray tomography was performed on rock sample cores, (ii) samples for nanotomography were prepared using laser milling, (iii) nanotomography was performed on the milled sub-samples, (iv) samples were mounted and polished for SEM analysis and (v) SEM imaging and compositional mapping was performed on micro and nanotomography samples for complimentary information. Correlative study performed on samples of serpentine and basalt revealed multiscale 3D structures involving both solid mineral phases and pore networks. Significant differences in the volume fraction of pores and mineral phases were also observed dependent on the imaging spatial resolution employed. This highlights the necessity for the application of such a multiscale approach for the characterization of complex aggregates such as rocks. Information acquired from the chemical mapping of different phases was also helpful in segmentation of phases that did not exhibit significant contrast in X-ray imaging. Adoption of the protocol used in this study can be broadly applied to 3D imaging studies being performed at the Advanced Light Source and other user facilities.

Tina Turner performing, used in the documentary "Tina." ; Credit: Dave Hogan/Getty Images/HBO

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

Still from "Godzilla vs. Kong"; Credit: Courtesy of Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved.

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

MPK Night Market. ; Credit: MPK Night Market (via YouTube)

Ahhhhh. Can you feel that breeze? Cool temps are here to stay through Sunday and we're going ham (in a totally respectable, public radio kind of way). Because frankly, we all deserve a break after sweating ourselves through this near-awful workweek. 

Here's everything you need to know: 

1. Pro volleyball at Hermosa Beach

Video: NVL highlights

These people are serious about volleyball — and they look damn good doing it. Take a trip to Hermosa Beach this weekend, where the National Volleyball League will be hosting its fifth tour stop of the season. The championship will feature 32 elite men’s and women’s teams, all competing for a prize of $50,000. Come by at noon Saturday for a free juniors’ clinic (all ages welcome). Sign up here. 

When: Friday through Sunday | Schedule here

Where: Hermosa Beach Pier | MAP

Price: Free

2. #DTLA salsa dancing

Video: Music Center's Dance Downtown

We know you're dying to show off your salsa skills. Join dancers of all levels at the Music Center's last Dance Downtown of the summer on Friday night. Temps are dropping (hallelujah!) so pack a picnic and get movin'.

When: 6:30 to 10 p.m. Friday 

Where: The Music Center Plaza | MAP 

Price: Free

3. Shades and Shadows 

Looking for something a little different and a bit creepy? The reading series Shades and Shadows focuses solely on horror, sci-fi, fantasy and any other form of dark literature that you’re afraid to put down. To honor its one-year anniversary, the group will be haunting the California Institute of Abnormalarts. (Yes, this exists. It's in North Hollywood). Stop by for an all-female lineup, including Nancy Holder of "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and the Internet's most famous mortician, Caitlin Doughty.  

When: 8 p.m. Saturday

Where: California Institute of Abnormalarts | MAP

Price: $10

4. Oktoberfest at Angel City

It doesn't feel like fall. The sun is blazing and the thought of drinking a pumpkin-spice latte is just gross. That's why we're sipping on cold beer instead. Savor seasonal craft brews with sausage, sauerkraut and soft pretzels at Angel City Brewery's Oktoberfest on Sunday. Festivities will include keg races, live polka music, ping pong and brewery tours. The best part? You're drinking for a good cause — a portion of the event’s beer and retail store sales will go to the Downtown Women’s Center.

When: Noon to 8 p.m. Sunday

Where: Angel City Brewery | MAP

Price: Free admission

5. Monterey Park Night Market 

Video: Every food you ever wanted

Have your pick of tacos, sliders, pressed juice or even a sushi burrito at Monterey Park's Night Market on Friday. That's not all — other highlights include food and dessert from Sticky Rice and Ice Cream Lab. After indulging, walk it off while viewing funky art prints, interesting hand-painted rocks and L.A.-inspired oil pantings. 

When: 5:30 to 10:30 p.m. Friday

Where: Barnes Park | MAP

Price: Free admission; eat at your own will 

6. Friday Night Flicks 

Watch: The best of Johnny Depp

Take a break from Netflix and catch classic Johnny Depp in "Benny and Joon" at Pershing Square on Friday. Pack a picnic, bring a blanket or lawn chair and watch the '90s flick on a 20-foot inflatable screen. Pro tip: Dogs are welcome (if on a leash). For quick easy access to Pershing Square take the Metro (Pershing Square 5th street stop) or park in the Pershing Square Garage.

When: 8 p.m. Friday

Where: Pershing Square | MAP

Price: Free 

7. Kayaking in Malibu

(Photo: Benjamin Brayfield/KPCC)

Spend a leisurely day kayaking the waves of the Pacific. Head to Malibu Surf Shack and grab a one- or two-seater before staking your spot on Malibu Lagoon State Beach. The state park has shallow tide pools and a lagoon with pelicans — plus, it's home to the Malibu Pier. Pro tip: Wear sunscreen and don't drop your phone in the ocean while taking selfies, people.

When: The Surf Shack is open daily 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. 

Where: Malibu Lagoon State Beach | MAP

Price: $35 per day for single kayak; $50 per day for double kayak

8. Feline Film Festival 

Video: We are gonna have a cat party

Imagine watching "America's Funniest Home Videos," but every entry includes a cat. That's what's happening Sunday at the L.A. Feline Film Festival. Sit back and enjoy over an hour of the most popular feline flicks from the Internet. Special guests include Lil Bub, Tara the Hero and Dusty Klepto Kitty. There will also be music, cat adoptions, a cat costume contest, food and drink. Pro tip: Cat flair is obviously encouraged.

When: 1 to 10 p.m. Sunday

Where: Exposition Park | MAP

Price: $15 admission; $15 parking | Purchase tix here

What'd we miss? Let me know on Twitter @KristenLepore.

The general equation of the δ direct methods is established and applied in its difference form to the definition of one of the two residuals that constitute the SMAR phasing algorithm. These two residuals use the absolute value of ρ and/or the zero conversion of negative Fourier ripples (≥50% of the unit-cell volume). Alternatively, when solved for ρ, the general equation provides a simple derivation of the already known δM tangent formula.

Source: Streetwise Reports 10/22/2024

Canter Resources Corp. (CRC:CSE; CNRCF:OTC; 601:FRA) has completed its acquisition of the Railroad Valley lithium-boron claims (RV project). The RV project claim block shares a common border with land controlled by 3 Proton Lithium (3PL), a private critical mineral explorer in Railroad Valley. Canter intends to complete follow-up sampling at the project in the fourth quarter of 2024, 164 kilometers from their exploration base in Tonopah, Nevada.

In the company news release, Joness Lang, CEO of Canter Resources, commented on the acquisition, stating, "We are excited to have expanded our lithium-boron exploration footprint in Nevada with this strategic acquisition in a highly prospective, yet underexplored area. While our primary focus remains on advancing our flagship Columbus project, we see value in adding low-cost, high-potential projects that strengthen our portfolio and align with our long-term growth strategy."

Lithium-Boron Market Trends and Opportunities

Visual Capitalist reported on September 29 that cobalt, a critical mineral used in battery production, had "gained significant attention in recent years due to its wide range of commercial, industrial, and military applications." The growing demand for cobalt in the electric vehicle (EV) sector was highlighted, with "the EV sector accounting for 40% of the global cobalt market," reinforcing its importance in the global transition to electrification. Additionally, 87% of China's cobalt consumption was "dedicated to the lithium-ion battery industry."

On October 1, Ahead of the Herd emphasized a favorable environment for risk assets, noting, "The combination of interest-rate cuts from the Federal Reserve, resilient economic growth, and the un-inversion of the yield curve" as contributing factors. The S&P/TSX Global Mining Index gained 14% since September 6, marking its biggest jump of the year, with central banks cutting interest rates and the U.S. signaling more battery metal funding. Ahead of the Herd also stated that "majors, mid-tiers, and juniors all looked ripe for a rebound" in this risk-tolerant environment.

On October 8, Forbes reported that "a 50% rise in the price of a downtrodden lithium producer has boosted investor hopes that a revival in the battery metal is possible" after two difficult years of oversupply and low prices. Lithium was "once the hottest metal in the commodity sector" and had begun showing "signs of recovery as investor interest picks up again." Despite the downturn, the long-term outlook for lithium remained strong, with Forbes emphasizing its essential role "for the future of electric vehicles and battery technology."

According to Barry Dawes of Martin Place Securities that same day, "the lithium market is showing strong signs of upturn," with the possibility of "lithium shortages post-2027," highlighting the sector's future growth potential.

Canter's Catalysts Driving Growth

As outlined in their investor presentation, Canter Resources' Railroad Valley acquisition aligns with the company's strategy of expanding its critical minerals portfolio at a low cost while leveraging geological similarities to proven lithium-producing regions. The Railroad Valley project holds promise due to its favorable geological features, such as volcanic calderas and closed-basin characteristics, which are known to enhance lithium and boron concentration.

According to the company's investor presentation, this acquisition bolsters Canter's portfolio as it continues to focus on the Columbus project. The upcoming follow-up sampling and the planned Q4 2024 exploration at the Railroad Valley site further demonstrate the company's commitment to expanding its exploration activities. Canter's continued exploration efforts are expected to provide the data necessary to identify lithium-boron deposits across its portfolio, enhancing long-term growth potential.

Analysts On Canter

*According to Technical Analyst Clive Maund, who issued an opinion on October 16, Canter Resources Corp. was viewed as an "Immediate Strong Buy." Maund pointed out that the company's stock was priced at "some 8% of its price at its late 2023 peak," making it a highly favorable entry point. He emphasized that despite the severe bear market in lithium, Canter had made "considerable progress" on its projects, which positioned the company to benefit as lithium prices stabilized. Maund highlighted that Canter's Columbus Basin Project, located in a region with favorable geology, "looks set to provide a 'kicker' for the stock," especially following positive Phase II drilling results.

On October 15, Jeff Clark from The Gold Advisor also shared a positive assessment of Canter Resources. Clark noted that the company had reported "significant findings from its Phase II Geoprobe drilling program" at the Columbus Project, including the highest boron concentration to date and consistent lithium values. He highlighted Canter's potential to make a major discovery at Columbus, particularly due to the structural similarities between this project and other successful lithium-boron operations in the region. Clark added that Canter's "low-cost shallow drilling" had laid the foundation for a deeper and more extensive exploration phase. He affirmed that Canter's market cap of CA$3.85M represented an "incredible bargain" considering the company's potential.

In What is Chen Buying? What is Chen Selling?, published on October 16, analyst Chen Lin provided a positive outlook on Canter Resources' drilling results. He highlighted that Phase II drilling at the Columbus Lithium-Boron Project returned "the highest dissolved boron concentration to date," which further underscored the project's potential. Lin emphasized the promising geochemical similarities between Canter's Columbus Basin and other major lithium-boron-producing regions, stating that these results "bolster the company’s hypothesis" and position Canter as a key player in the critical minerals market. [OWNERSHIP_CHART-10988]

Ownership and Share Structure

According to the company, managers and insiders own about 9.6% of Canter Resources, and strategic investors (including the founding group and Michael Gentile & Advisors) own about 12%.

The investors with the largest stake are all insiders. They are CEO and Director Joness Lang with 3.38%, Director and Strategic Adviser Warwick Smith with 2.14%, Director and Technical Adviser Kenneth Cunningham with 1.95%, Chief Financial Officer Alnesh Mohan with 0.97%, and Director and Technical Adviser Eric Saderholm with 0.58%, and Gentile, who owns about 4% personally.

Four institutions or funds, including Euro Pacific Asset Management, collectively hold 3%. Retail investors own the remaining.

The Canadian explorer has 51.29 million outstanding shares, 46.41 million free float traded shares with a CA$4.11 million market cap.

Over the past 52 weeks, Canter has traded between CA$0.07 and CA$0.99 per share.

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Important Disclosures:

1. As of the date of this article, officers and/or employees of Streetwise Reports LLC (including members of their household) own securities of Canter Resources Corp.
2. James Guttman wrote this article for Streetwise Reports LLC and provides services to Streetwise Reports as an employee.
3. This article does not constitute investment advice and is not a solicitation for any investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her personal financial adviser and perform their own comprehensive investment research. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company.

For additional disclosures, please click here.

* Disclosure for the quote from the Clive Maund article published on October 16, 2024

1. For the quoted article (published on October 16, 2024), the Company has paid Street Smart, an affiliate of Streetwise Reports, US$2,500.
2. Author Certification and Compensation: [Clive Maund of clivemaund.com] is being compensated as an independent contractor by Street Smart, an affiliate of Streetwise Reports, for writing the article quoted. Maund received his UK Technical Analysts’ Diploma in 1989. The recommendations and opinions expressed in the article accurately reflect the personal, independent, and objective views of the author regarding any and all of the designated securities discussed. No part of the compensation received by the author was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed

Clivemaund.com Disclosures

The quoted article represents the opinion and analysis of Mr. Maund, based on data available to him, at the time of writing. Mr. Maund's opinions are his own, and are not a recommendation or an offer to buy or sell securities. As trading and investing in any financial markets may involve serious risk of loss, Mr. Maund recommends that you consult with a qualified investment advisor, one licensed by appropriate regulatory agencies in your legal jurisdiction and do your own due diligence and research when making any kind of a transaction with financial ramifications. Although a qualified and experienced stock market analyst, Clive Maund is not a Registered Securities Advisor. Therefore Mr. Maund's opinions on the market and stocks cannot be only be construed as a recommendation or solicitation to buy and sell securities.

( Companies Mentioned: CRC:CSE; CNRCF:OTC; 601:FRA, )

Source: Streetwise Reports 10/22/2024

The growth of artificial intelligence, the need for more computer data centers, the eventual adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), and the need for more net-zero power means a renaissance in nuclear power is underway.

Just last month, Microsoft Corp. (MSFT:NASDAQ) announced a deal with Constellation Energy Group (CEG:NYSE) to restart and buy all of the power from one of the shut-down reactors at its infamous Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania and the Biden administration also announced a plan to restart the Palisades plant in Michigan.

"Biden has called for a tripling of U.S. nuclear power capacity to fuel energy demand that is accelerating in part due to expansion of power-hungry technologies like artificial intelligence and cloud computing," Valerie Volcovici wrote for Reuters on Oct. 8.

The administration also wants to develop small nuclear reactors (SMRs) for certain applications.

All of this is putting the metal needed to power nuclear energy, uranium, front and center. Prices for the element have started rising, with nuclear fuel trading at US$83.30 per pound last Thursday, a level not seen since 2007, according to a report by Daily Finland on Friday.

Uranium prices are expected to move higher by the end of this quarter, when Trading Economics' global macro models and analyses forecast uranium to trade at US$84.15 per pound, Nuclear Newswire reported on Oct. 3. In another year, the site estimates that the metal will trade at US$91.80 per pound.

The Catalyst: Surging Demand

The engine driving the prices is a "fundamental global shortage" of uranium driven by surging demand, said Andre Leibenberg, chief executive officer of Yellow Cake, which is focused on providing exposure to uranium's spot price.

The demand is stemming not only from a growing recognition of nuclear power's role in the future energy mix, but also from its critical importance in supporting the AI boom and the development of data centers, he wrote in a company update last week, according to Mining Weekly.

According to the report, Liebenberg noted that the primary mine supply of 140 million pounds was significantly trailing behind global demand of more than 180 million pounds a year.

In the European Union, a "lack of clarity" about Russian uranium imports is holding back investment in new enrichment plants, according to Reuters.

Russia supplied more than 25% of European and American enriched uranium before the start of the Ukraine war in February 2022, the report said.

Since then, "the U.S. implemented a ban on imports of enriched uranium from Russia in August, with some exemptions, but in Europe, different countries have taken different approaches," muddying the waters.

Complicating matters is a hint in September that Russian President Vladimir Putin might embargo exports of the vital element to the west.

Citi, in a note to clients, said utilities have been stockpiling Russian uranium, but an embargo would make it "hard to replace" supplies of the metal in the next two years.

"Russia supplies close to 12% of U3O8 (known as yellow cake), 25% of UF6 (uranium hexafluoride) and 35% of EUP (enriched uranium product) to international markets," the bank said, according to Forbes. "While the largest share of these supplies goes to China and in supplying nuclear reactors that were built by Russia's Rosatom, we believe that at-risk supplies are exports to the U.S. or Western Europe."

The consequences of what could happen without more nuclear power can be seen in the U.K., where the number of reactors is shrinking. Four of five of them are expected to close in the next couple of years, which could "stretch the grid to the limit."

"As Britain's reactor fleet shrivels, the amount of nuclear capacity will fall from six gigawatts (GW) today to just 1.2 GW by 2028 or soon after," Jonathan Leake and Matt Oliver wrote for The Telegraph last week. "Along with rising demand from power-hungry data centers and technologies of the future, it will make it even harder to keep the lights on when wind and solar generation is low."

Small Nuclear Reactors (SMRs)

SMRs are another possible solution for some medium-sized energy needs. They have been operational for dozens of years in submarines and other long-distance ocean-going craft.

"They can be manufactured in factories and then rapidly erected on-site," Dominic Frisby wrote for his newsletter, The Flying Frisby, on Oct. 13. They are scalable, and that flexibility "aids manufacture, transportation, and installation while reducing construction time and costs."

A 440-megawatt (MW) SMR would produce about 3.5 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity per year, enough for 1.2 million homes, Frisby noted.

SMRs produce electricity that can easily be adjusted to meet the constant, everyday needs of the grid (baseload), and they can also ramp up or down to follow changes in demand throughout the day, the author wrote. They spin in sync with the grid, so they help keep everything stable.

"When they're running, they act like a steady hand, providing momentum that makes it easier to manage sudden changes in electricity supply or demand," he wrote.

'Bucket Loads of Power' Needed

All of this equates for a bright future for the metal, he said.

"Guess what? AI requires bucket loads of power," Frisby wrote. "That's why Microsoft recently agreed to pay Constellation Energy, the new owner of America's infamous nuclear power station, Three Mile Island, a sizeable premium for its energy. There is cheaper wind and solar power to be had in Pennsylvania, but it isn't as reliable as nuclear 24 hours a day. It's not just AI. The widespread political desire to rid ourselves of fossil fuels means the world needs electricity, and fast."

Chris Temple, publisher of The National Investor, recently noted that with the Three Mile Island deal, "uranium/nuclear power is BACK!"

"I've watched as the news has continued to point to uranium being in the early innings of this new bull market," Temple wrote. "Yet the markets have been yawning . . . until now."

What follows are several uranium explorers and producers that could benefit from this upswing for investors looking to take advantage.

Baselode Energy Corp.

Baselode Energy Corp. (FIND:TSX.V; BSENF:OTCQB) controls 100% of about 273,000 hectares for exploration in the Athabasca Basin area in northern Saskatchewan, Canada.[OWNERSHIP_CHART-10321]

The company said it discovered the ACKIO near-surface, high-grade uranium deposit in September 2021. ACKIO measures greater than 375 meters along strike, greater than 150 meters wide, and is comprised of at least 11 separate zones. Mineralization starts as shallow as 28 meters beneath the surface and continues down to about 300 meters depth beneath the surface, with the bulk of mineralization occurring in the upper 120 meters, Baselode said. ACKIO remains open to the west and south and along the Athabasca sandstone unconformity to the east and south.

Earlier this month, the company reported positive uranium assay results from three drill holes of its 2024 drill program at ACKIO.

Notably, drill hole AK24-119 intersected 0.28% U3O8 over 21.0 meters, including a high-grade section of 1.55% U3O8 over 1.5 meters at a depth of 141 meters. While drill hole AK24-118 returned 0.59% U3O8 over 8.5 meters, including 1.25% U3O8 over 1.5 meters at a depth of 153 meters.

"These results strengthen our confidence in ACKIO," Chief Executive Officer James Sykes said in a release. "It's remarkable that, just over three years after discovering ACKIO, we're still achieving better-than-expected grades and widths."

Baselode expects further assay results from the remaining 40 drill holes to be released after quality review and approval.

David Talbot, Managing Director at Red Cloud Securities, noted in a September 17 report that drilling at ACKIO "continued to expand the mineralized footprint at Pods 1, 6, and 7," highlighting that "thirteen holes reported composite intervals of anomalous radioactivity between 11m and 42m in thickness."

In his report, Talbot rated the stock as a Buy and further projected the potential for "8-10-12 million pounds of U3O8 at a grade of ~0.3% U3O8," which aligns with typical grades found in the southeastern part of the Athabasca Basin.

According to Refinitiv, Baselode has institutions holding 23.26% with Alps Advisors holding the bulk of it with 17.94%, followed by Vident Investment Advisory LLC at 2.97%. Management and Insiders hold 1.59%. The rest is retail.

The company has a market cap of CA$20.05 million, with 131.51 free float shares. It trades in the 52-week range between CA$0.10 and CA$0.61.

Uranium Energy Corp.

According to its website, Uranium Energy Corp. (UEC:NYSE AMERICAN) is America's "largest and fastest growing supplier of uranium."[OWNERSHIP_CHART-402]

The company said it is advancing the next generation of low-cost, environmentally friendly in-situ recovery (ISR) mining uranium projects in the United States and high-grade conventional projects in Canada. It has two production-ready ISR hub and spoke platforms in South Texas and Wyoming.

Additionally, Uranium Energy Corp. said it has diversified uranium holdings with one of the largest physical uranium portfolios of U.S. warehoused U3O8; a major equity stake in Uranium Royalty Corp., the only royalty company in the sector; and a Western Hemisphere pipeline of resource stage uranium projects.

Most recently, the company announced it was expanding its U.S. uranium production capacity by acquiring Rio Tinto Plc.'s Sweetwater Plant and a portfolio of Wyoming uranium assets.

On September 25, Temple of The National Investor noted that UEC was "upgraded back to Buy" following recent uranium market news. He pointed to UEC's acquisition of the Wyoming uranium assets as a catalyst, emphasizing that uranium is "in the early innings of this new bull market."

Jeff Clark of The Gold Advisor, in his September 26 update, called the acquisition a "significant move," noting that it consolidated a large portfolio of uranium assets under UEC's control, positioning the company for rapid growth. He also highlighted the company's strategic advantage with "53,000 additional acres for exploration," reinforcing UEC's potential to ramp up production.

According to Reuters, Uranium Energy has a market cap of US$3.48 billion and 411.41 million shares outstanding. It trades in a 52-week range of US$4.06 and US$8.66.

About 2% of UE is help by management and insiders, Reuters noted. The largest portion, 77.58%, is held by institutional investors. The rest is in retail.

Terra Clean Energy Corp.

Formerly Tisdale Clean Energy Corp., Terra Clean Energy Corp. (TCEC:CSE; TCEFF:OTC; T1KC:FSE), a Canadian-based uranium exploration and development company, is currently developing the South Falcon East uranium project, which holds a 6.96-million-pound inferred uranium resource within the Fraser Lakes Zone B uranium/thorium deposit, located in the Athabasca Basin region of Saskatchewan.[OWNERSHIP_CHART-10935]

Representing a portion of Skyharbour Resources Ltd.'s existing South Falcon Project, Terra Clean Energy's project covers approximately 12,464 hectares and lies 18 kilometers outside the Athabasca Basin, approximately 50 kilometers east of the Key Lake Mine.

Recently, the company announced a comprehensive exploration program set for Winter 2025 at its South Falcon East Uranium Project. The work will focus on extending the mineralized footprint at the Fraser Lakes B Uranium Deposit and includes about 2,000 meters of infill and step-out drilling designed to verify existing mineralized zones and identify additional targets.

In a release, Chief Executive Officer Alex Klenman described the initiative as "a unique setup for a Canadian microcap, offering multiple paths to significant value creation." This US$1.5 million project will involve TerraLogic Exploration Inc., operating out of SkyHarbour's McGowan Lake Camp with helicopter support.

According to Reuters, management and insiders hold 4.62% of Terra Clean Energy. Of those, Alex Klenman holds the most, with 4.37%.

Strategic Investors hold 12.03%, with Planet Ventures Inc holding the most at 7.40%. The rest is retail.

Terra Clean Energy has a market cap of CA$2.98 million and a 52-week range of CA$0.05 to CA$0.22.

North Shore Uranium Ltd.

North Shore Uranium Ltd. (NSU:TSX) said it is working to become a major force in exploration for economic uranium deposits at the eastern margin of the Athabasca Basin.[OWNERSHIP_CHART-10945]

The company said it is running exploration programs at its Falcon and West Bear properties and evaluating opportunities to complement its portfolio of uranium properties.

Falcon consists of 15 mineral claims, the company said. Four of them comprise 12,791 hectares and are 100%-owned by the company. The remaining 11 claims totaling 2,908 hectares are subject to an option agreement with Skyharbour Resources Ltd. Under the terms of the option agreement, North Shore has the option to earn up to 100% interest in the 11 claims by completing certain payments.

Earlier this month, the company announced details of its target generation efforts at its Falcon uranium project at the eastern margin of Saskatchewan's Athabasca Basin. The company said it has identified 36 uranium targets across three zones.

"We have a great pipeline of targets to choose from for our next drill program at Falcon," said President and Chief Executive Officer Brooke Clements. "Our Zone 2 has attracted the interest of uranium explorers in the past, and we believe there is potential to make a significant uranium discovery using new data and interpretation."

Earlier this month, North Shore announced it had received a Crown Land Work permit for the full 55,700-hectare Falcon project. Issued by the Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, it authorizes the company to conduct mineral exploration activities, including prospecting and ground geophysics, trail and drill site clearing, line cutting, the drilling of up to 75 exploration drill holes, and the storage of drill core. The permit expires in July 2027.

Insiders and founding investors own approximately 45% of the issued and outstanding shares. Clements himself owns 3.6% or 1.33M shares, Director Doris Meyer has 2.11% or 0.78M shares, and Director James Arthur holds 1.58% or 0.58M shares. According to North Shore, 14.92M shares (40.5%) held by six founding investors are subject to a voluntary pooling agreement that restricts the disposition of these shares before October 19, 2026.

Most of the rest is with retail, as the institutional holdings are minor.

North Shore has 36.84M outstanding shares and currently has a market cap of CA$1.47 million. It has traded in the past 52 weeks between CA$0.04 and CA$0.30 per share.

Skyharbour Resources Ltd.

Skyharbour Resources Ltd. (SYH:TSX.V; SYHBF:OTCQX; SC1P:FSE) has an extensive portfolio of uranium exploration projects in Canada's Athabasca Basin, with 29 projects, 10 of which are drill-ready, covering over 1.4 million acres of mineral claims. In addition to being a high-grade uranium exploration company, Skyharbour utilizes a prospect generator strategy by bringing in partner companies to advance its secondary assets.[OWNERSHIP_CHART-6026]

In an updated research note on July 24, Analyst Sid Rajeev of Fundamental Research Corp. wrote that Skyharbour "owns one of the largest portfolios among uranium juniors in the Athabasca Basin."

"Given the highly vulnerable uranium supply chain, we anticipate continued consolidation within the sector," wrote Rajeev, who reiterated the firm's Buy rating and adjusted its fair value estimate from CA$1.16 to CA$1.21 per share. "Additionally, the rapidly growing demand for energy from the AI industry is likely to accelerate the adoption of nuclear power, which should, in turn, spotlight uranium juniors in the coming months."

Skyharbour acquired from Denison Mines, a large strategic shareholder of the company, a 100% interest in the Moore Uranium Project, which is located 15 kilometers east of Denison's Wheeler River project and 39 kilometers south of Cameco's McArthur River uranium mine. Moore is an advanced-stage uranium exploration property with high-grade uranium mineralization at the Maverick Zone, including highlight drill results of 6.0% U3O8 over 5.9 meters, including 20.8% U3O8 over 1.5 meters at a vertical depth of 265 meters.

Adjacent to the Moore Uranium Project is Skyharbour's Russell Lake Uranium Project optioned from Rio Tinto, which hosts historical high-grade drill intercepts over a large property area with robust exploration upside potential. The 73,294-ha Russell Lake Uranium Property is strategically located in the central core of the Eastern Athabasca Basin of northern Saskatchewan. Skyharbour has recently discovered high-grade uranium mineralization in a new zone at Russell and is carrying out an additional 7-8,000-meter drill campaign across both Russell and Moore.

Management, insiders, and close business associates own approximately 5% of Skyharbour.

According to Reuters, President and CEO Trimble owns 1.6%, and Director David Cates owns 0.70%.

Institutional, corporate, and strategic investors own approximately 55% of the company. Denison Mines owns 6.3%, Rio Tinto owns 2.0%, Extract Advisors LLC owns 9%, Alps Advisors Inc. owns 9.91%, Mirae Asset Global Investments (U.S.A) L.L.C. owns 6.29%, Sprott Asset Management L.P. owns 1.5%, and Incrementum AG owns 1.18%, Reuters reported.

There are 182.53 million shares outstanding with 178 million free float traded shares, while the company has a market cap of CA$89.44 million and trades in a 52-week range of CA$0.31 and CA$0.64.

ATHA Energy Corp.

Atha Energy Corp. (SASK:TSX.V; SASKF:OTCMKTS) is a Canadian mineral company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, and development of uranium assets with a portfolio including three 100%-owned post-discovery uranium projects (the Angilak Project located in Nunavut, and CMB Discoveries in Labrador hosting historical resource estimates of 43.3 million pounds and 14.5 million pounds U3O8 respectively, and the newly discovered basement-hosted GMZ high-grade uranium discovery located in the Athabasca Basin).[OWNERSHIP_CHART-11007]

In addition, the company said it holds the largest cumulative prospective exploration land package (more than 8.5 million acres) in two of the world's most prominent basins for uranium discoveries. ATHA also holds a 10% carried interest in key Athabasca Basin exploration projects operated by NexGen Energy Ltd. and IsoEnergy Ltd.

Technical Analyst Maund considers Atha Energy to be "THE top play in the uranium sector" and has an Immediate Strong Buy rating on it, he wrote in the previously mentioned Oct. 17 report.

The company's 3-, 13- and 26-month charts indicate its stock price had been in a bear market since trading began until September, when it had an upwave or preliminary breakout. This, along with other indicators, including positive accumulation-distribution convergence and high volume, suggest another upleg is expected soon, he said.

"Given the outlook for the uranium price and what Atha Energy has going for it, its stock is astoundingly cheap after its persistent downtrend this year," Maund wrote.

According to Refinitiv, 10 management and insiders own 16.44% of Atha Energy. The Top 5 are Timothy Young with 6.32%, Matthew Mason with 5.8%, Atha Chairman Michael Castanho with 1.16%, and Atha Director Sean Kallir with 0.9%.

Seven institutional investors together hold 9.38%. The Top 3 are Alps Advisors Inc. with 6.26%, Sprott Asset Management LP with 1.3%, and Vident Investment Advisory LLC with 0.8%.

The remaining 74.18% of Atha is in retail.

According to the company, it has 277.9M shares outstanding, 14M options, 4M restricted stock units/performance rights, and 10.2M warrants.

Reuters reports Atha's market cap is CA$208.42 million, and its 52-week range is CA$0.46−$1.42 per share.

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Important Disclosures:

1. Skyharbour Resources Ltd. and Terra Clean Energy Corp. are billboard sponsors of Streetwise Reports and pay SWR a monthly sponsorship fee between US$4,000 and US$5,000. In addition, Terra Clean Energy has a consulting relationship with Street Smart an affiliate of Streetwise Reports. Street Smart Clients pay a monthly consulting fee between US$8,000 and US$20,000.
2. As of the date of this article, officers and/or employees of Streetwise Reports LLC (including members of their household) own securities of North Shore Uranium Ltd., Uranium Energy Corp., and Terra Clean Energy.
3. Steve Sobek wrote this article for Streetwise Reports LLC and provides services to Streetwise Reports as an employee.
4. This article does not constitute investment advice and is not a solicitation for any investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her personal financial adviser and perform their own comprehensive investment research. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company.

For additional disclosures, please click here.

( Companies Mentioned: SASK:TSX.V; SASKF:OTCMKTS, FIND:TSX.V; BSENF:OTCQB, NSU:TSX, SYH:TSX.V; SYHBF:OTCQX; SC1P:FSE, TCEC:CSE; TCEFF:OTC; T1KC:FSE, UEC:NYSE AMERICAN, )

Source: Streetwise Reports 10/24/2024

Skyharbour Resources Ltd. (SYH:TSX.V; SYHBF:OTCQX; SC1P:FSE) announced that it has completed its earn-in requirements for a 51% interest at its co-flagship Russell Lake Uranium Project in the central core of Canada's Eastern Athabasca Basin in Saskatchewan.

The company and Rio Tinto have formed a joint venture (JV) to further explore the property, with Skyharbour holding 51% ownership interest and Rio Tinto holding 49%.

This summer, Skyharbour announced that in the first phase of drilling it had found what was historically the best uranium intercept mineralization at the project when hole RSL24-02 at the recently identified Fork Target returned a 2.5-meter-wide intercept of 0.721% U3O8 at a relatively shallow depth of 338.1 meters, including 2.99% U3O8 over 0.5 meters at 339.6 meters.

The second phase of drilling included three holes totaling 1,649 meters, with emphasis "at the MZE (M-Zone Extension) target, approximately 10 km northeast of the Fork target, identified prospective faulted graphitic gneiss accompanied by anomalous sandstone and basement geochemistry," Skyharbour said.

"The discovery of multi-percent, high-grade, sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization at a new target is a major breakthrough in the discovery process at Russell — something that hasn't been seen before at the project with the potential to quickly grow with more drilling," President and Chief Executive Officer Jordan Trimble said at the time.

ANT Survey, Upcoming Drilling Program

The company also announced on Thursday that it had completed an Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) survey in preparation for further drilling at the Russell Lake Project, set to commence in the fall. The survey used Fleet Space Technologies' Exosphere technology to acquire 3D passive seismic velocity data over the highly prospective Grayling and Fork target areas, where previous drilling has intersected high-grade uranium mineralization.

"The ANT technology has been successfully employed in mapping significant sandstone and basement structures and associated alteration zones related to hydrothermal fluids pathways in the Athabasca Basin," the company said.

Results from the survey will be used to further refine drill targets for the upcoming drilling program. Skyharbour is fully funded and permitted for the follow-up fall drill campaign consisting of approximately 7,000 metres of drilling at its main Russell and Moore Projects, with 2,500 meters of drilling at Moore and 4,500 meters of drilling at Russell.

A Great Neighborhood

Russell Lake is a large, advanced-stage uranium exploration property totaling 73,294 hectares strategically located between Cameco's Key Lake and McArthur River projects and Denison's Wheeler River Project to the west, and Skyharbour's Moore project to the east.

"Skyharbour's acquisition of a majority interest in Russell Lake creates a large, nearly contiguous block of highly prospective uranium claims totaling 108,999 hectares between the Russell Lake and the Moore uranium projects," the company said.

Most of the historical exploration at Russell Lake was conducted before 2010, prior to the discovery of several major deposits in/around the Athabasca Basin, Skyharbour said.

Notable exploration targets on the property include the Grayling Zone, the M-Zone Extension target, the Little Man Lake target, the Christie Lake target, the Fox Lake Trail target and the newly identified Fork Zone target.

"More than 35 kilometers of largely untested prospective conductors in areas of low magnetic intensity also exist on the property," the company noted.

In an updated research note in July, Analyst Sid Rajeev of Fundamental Research Corp. wrote that Skyharbour "owns one of the largest portfolios among uranium juniors in the Athabasca Basin."

"Given the highly vulnerable uranium supply chain, we anticipate continued consolidation within the sector," wrote Rajeev, who rated the stock a Buy with a fair value estimate of CA$1.21 per share. "Additionally, the rapidly growing demand for energy from the AI (artificial intelligence) industry is likely to accelerate the adoption of nuclear power, which should, in turn, spotlight uranium juniors in the coming months."

The Catalyst: Uranium is 'BACK!'

The growth of AI, new data centers, electric vehicle (EV) adoption, and the need for more net-zero power means more nuclear energy and the uranium needed to fuel it.

Uranium prices are expected to move higher by the end of this quarter, when Trading Economics' global macro models and analyses forecast uranium to trade at US$84.15 per pound, Nuclear Newswire reported on Oct. 3. In another year, the site estimates that the metal will trade at US$91.80 per pound.

Just last month, Microsoft Corp. (MSFT:NASDAQ) announced a deal with Constellation Energy Group (CEG:NYSE) to restart and buy all of the power from one of the shut-down reactors at its infamous Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania and the Biden administration also announced a plan to restart the Palisades plant in Michigan.

Chris Temple, publisher of The National Investor, recently noted that with the Three Mile Island deal, "uranium/nuclear power is BACK!"[OWNERSHIP_CHART-6026]

"I've watched as the news has continued to point to uranium being in the early innings of this new bull market," Temple wrote. "Yet the markets have been yawning . . . until now."

Ownership and Share Structure

Management, insiders, and close business associates own approximately 5% of Skyharbour.

According to Reuters, President and CEO Trimble owns 1.6%, and Director David Cates owns 0.70%.

Institutional, corporate, and strategic investors own approximately 55% of the company. Denison Mines owns 6.3%, Rio Tinto owns 2.0%, Extract Advisors LLC owns 9%, Alps Advisors Inc. owns 9.91%, Mirae Asset Global Investments (U.S.A) L.L.C. owns 6.29%, Sprott Asset Management L.P. owns 1.5%, and Incrementum AG owns 1.18%, Reuters reported.

There are 182.53 million shares outstanding with 178 million free float traded shares, while the company has a market cap of CA$88.53 million and trades in a 52-week range of CA$0.31 and CA$0.64.

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Important Disclosures:

1. Skyharbour Resources Ltd. is a billboard sponsor of Streetwise Reports and pays SWR a monthly sponsorship fee between US$4,000 and US$5,000.
2. Steve Sobek wrote this article for Streetwise Reports LLC and provides services to Streetwise Reports as an employee.
3. This article does not constitute investment advice and is not a solicitation for any investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her personal financial adviser and perform their own comprehensive investment research. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company.

For additional disclosures, please click here.

( Companies Mentioned: SYH:TSX.V; SYHBF:OTCQX; SC1P:FSE, )

Source: Streetwise Reports 10/28/2024

Atlas Lithium Corp. (ATLX:NASDAQ) announced that it has received the operational permit for its Neves Project. This marks a significant milestone for the company's ambitions in lithium production. The permit, approved by the Minas Gerais government in Brazil, allows Atlas Lithium to assemble and operate its processing plant, develop open-pit mining operations, and produce lithium concentrate. The unanimously voted October 25 decision officially progressed with the publication in Minas Gerais' government gazette the following day.

The Neves Project permit, a comprehensive triphasic license (LI/LP/LO), enables a more streamlined development, encompassing initial, installation, and operating permissions.

"Permitting is widely considered the most critical risk in any mining project," said Atlas Lithium CEO Marc Fogassa in the news release. The company's success in obtaining this permit underscores its commitment to sustainable, responsible operations in Brazil's "Lithium Valley."

The Allure of The Lithium Market

According to Visual Capitalist on September 29, battery metal prices have recently "struggled as a surge in new production overwhelmed demand." However, with battery demand projected to increase ninefold by 2040, companies positioned to produce high-quality lithium concentrate, such as Atlas Lithium, are likely to see enhanced market relevance as the demand trajectory for lithium-ion batteries strengthens significantly over the coming decades.

Jake Sekelsky from Alliance Global Partners reaffirmed his "Buy" rating for Atlas Lithium, setting a price target of US$45.00.

As Forbes wrote on October 8, 2024, recent industry dynamics have shown that "a 50% rise in the price of a downtrodden lithium producer has boosted investor hopes that a revival in the battery metal is possible after two grim years of oversupply and low prices."

This improvement in lithium prices reflects a broader trend that may positively impact companies like Atlas Lithium, whose operational progress aligns with the gradual sector recovery. The recent permitting for Atlas Lithium's Neves Project positions it to capitalize on these trends as it advances its lithium production capabilities.

On that same day, Barry Dawes of Martin Place Securities commented that "the lithium market is showing strong signs of upturn," anticipating "lithium shortages post-2027." This outlook emphasizes the sector's potential for heightened demand and supply constraints, which is particularly beneficial for projects advancing toward production. Atlas Lithium's strategy, which includes a modular processing plant and environmentally responsible operations, underscores the company's readiness to meet this anticipated demand.

What's Driving Atlas Forward?

Atlas Lithium's Neves Project's recent permit positions the company to advance toward its production goals with key environmental and operational clearances in place. According to the company's September 2024 investor presentation, this approval aligns with an expedited project timeline and enhances the company's potential to become a low-cost lithium concentrate producer. With Brazil's favorable mining conditions and Atlas Lithium's established partnerships with Tier 1 global companies, the Neves Project is poised for cost-effective operations and market alignment.

Atlas's modular processing plant, currently in the final pre-shipment stage, also demonstrates a strategic focus on efficiency and ESG standards. This advanced plant is set for rapid assembly and installation. It reflects Atlas Lithium's intention to minimize environmental impact and expedite production ramp-up, contributing to a streamlined path toward production in Brazil's burgeoning lithium sector.

Analysts On Atlas

Jake Sekelsky from Alliance Global Partners reaffirmed his "Buy" rating for Atlas Lithium, setting a price target of US$45.00. He described the recent operational permit issuance for the Neves Project as a "significant de-risking event," emphasizing that this milestone positions the project to move forward with construction and operations. Sekelsky highlighted that the approval "marks the final step in the permitting process" and grants Atlas Lithium the authorization to proceed with assembling its processing facility and initiating open-pit mining operations. This development aligns with a clear production path, with Sekelsky noting that the project is now at "shovel-ready status," a critical advancement toward fulfilling Atlas Lithium's strategic objectives. [OWNERSHIP_CHART-11040]

Sekelsky also pointed to the current market environment for lithium, expressing optimism regarding "signs of an upcoming recovery" in lithium prices. He interpreted recent merger and acquisition activities within the sector, including other acquisitions in Brazil's Lithium Valley, as indicators that larger players anticipate a rebound. Sekelsky remarked that this resurgence could benefit advanced hard-rock lithium projects, such as Neves, which "continue to command attention from potential suitors."

Ownership and Share Structure

About 34% of Atlas Lithium is owned by management and insiders. About 11% of the shareholders are institutional. Strategic partners hold another 12%. The rest, about 43%, is retail.

Top shareholders include Waratah Capital Advisors Ltd. with 4.34%, Mitsui & Co. Ltd. with 12.27%, and Candace Shira Associates LLC with 1.39%, according to Reuters.

Its market cap is about US$165 million. It trades in a 52-week range of US$34 and US$6.25.

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Important Disclosures:

1) James Guttman wrote this article for Streetwise Reports LLC and provides services to Streetwise Reports as an employee.

2) This article does not constitute investment advice and is not a solicitation for any investment. Streetwise Reports does not render general or specific investment advice and the information on Streetwise Reports should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Each reader is encouraged to consult with his or her personal financial adviser and perform their own comprehensive investment research. By opening this page, each reader accepts and agrees to Streetwise Reports' terms of use and full legal disclaimer. Streetwise Reports does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company.

For additional disclosures, please click here.

( Companies Mentioned: ATLX:NASDAQ, )

A teen gets a dose of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine at Holtz Children's Hospital in Miami on May 18. Nearly 7 million U.S. teens and pre-teens (ages 12 through 17) have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, so far, the CDC says.; Credit: Eva Marie Uzcategui/Bloomberg via Getty Images

It's been a little more than a month since adolescents as young as 12 became eligible in the United States to receive the Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19, and nearly all reports have been positive: The vaccine is very effective in this age group, and the vast majority of kids experience mild side effects, if any — the same sore arm or mild flu-like symptoms seen among adults who get the shot.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended that everyone 12-years-old and older get vaccinated against COVID-19, and the rollout is well underway: According to the CDC, nearly 7 million U.S. teens and pre-teens (ages 12 through 17) have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, so far.

Still, soon after the FDA authorized the use of Pfizer's vaccine in young people, federal agencies began receiving reports of mild chest pain or other signs of possible heart inflammation (known as myocarditis) in a very small percentage of recently vaccinated teens.

CDC director Rochelle Walensky said at a White House briefing Friday that there have been more than 300 cases of heart inflammation reported among more than 20 million teens and young adults who have received one of the vaccines made by Moderna or Pfizer. She said that in the "vast majority" of cases, the inflammation went away.

An expert advisory committee to the health agency is expected to review the cases in more depth at a meeting Friday.

So, in the meantime, should parents of teens hesitate to have their kids vaccinated against COVID-19? Vaccine experts and the American Academy of Pediatrics say no, don't hesitate. It's good for doctors and patients to be aware that there might be a connection between the mRNA vaccines and heart inflammation, and to report to their pediatrician anything they see in that first week after vaccination. But it is also important, the CDC notes, to recognize that even if this does turn out to be an extremely rare side effect of the vaccine, "most patients who received care responded well to medicine and rest and quickly felt better." And the serious risks of COVID -19 — even for young healthy people — outweigh the risks of any possible side effects from the vaccine. Here are some questions you may have, and what's known:

What exactly is myocarditis?

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, and pericarditis, also being investigated, is an inflammation of the sac around the heart.

Long before the pandemic, thousands of cases of myocarditis were diagnosed in the U.S. and around the world each year, often triggered by the body's immune response to infections. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger it, and so can cold viruses, and staph and strep and HIV. Other causes include toxins and allergies.

Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. It's often mild enough to go unnoticed, but a full-blown case in adults can cause arrhythmias and heart failure that require careful treatment with multiple medications, and several months of strict rest. In a case study of seven teenagers who got myocarditis following vaccination published last week in the journal Pediatrics, all seven got better after routine treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs.

Pediatric cardiologist Dr. Stuart Berger of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, a spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics, says vaccine-related myocarditis in teens is not all that worrisome. "Although they appear with some symptoms of chest pain, and maybe some findings on EKGs, all of the cases we've seen have been on the mild end of the spectrum," he says.

So, what's the concern?

Several hundred reports about the inflammation have been filed with the federal government's Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS); that's a repository of reports sent in by health professionals and patients about any health events they spot in the hours or days after vaccinations. Many of the events reported turn out to be coincidental — not caused by a vaccine. The database is just meant as a starting point for further investigation and not proof of cause and effect. But as NPR's Geoff Brumfiel noted this week, "when millions of people are vaccinated within a short period, the total number of these reported events can look big."

That said, anecdotes reported by doctors in medical journals and reports to VAERS suggest that both of the mRNA vaccines authorized for use in the U.S. — the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines — might slightly increase the incidence of myocarditis in young people. In 2003, a report in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated the background incidence of myocarditis to be 1.13 cases in 100,000 children per year.

Paul Offit, professor of pediatrics at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and a member of a Food and Drug Administration vaccine advisory committee says there likely is a causal link between the heart inflammation some doctors are seeing in these teens and the second dose of vaccine. "I think it's real," he says, but hastens to add that the effect is exceedingly small – based on the data collected so far, maybe one in 50,000 vaccinees between the ages of 16 and 39. "And the good news is at least so far it looks to be transient and self-resolving."

Still, maybe I should wait to get my teen vaccinated and see how this plays out?

Uhm, no, according to several vaccine experts contacted by NPR. And this is where a little math comes in handy.

"Take a stadium full of 100,000 people between the ages of 16 and 39, which is the subset that appears to be at greater risk," Offit says. "Vaccinate all of them, and two might get myocarditis." But if you don't vaccinate any of the 100,000, he estimates that about 1,300 would eventually get COVID-19. And those numbers are likely to increase this winter.

About one in 1,000 children who get COVID-19 have gone on to develop a condition called MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children), says Offit, and most of those kids have had some level of myocarditis. In addition, the new coronavirus has directly caused myocarditis in some children and adults. Which of the two stadiums in Offit's metaphor would have more cases of myocarditis — the vaccinated children or unvaccinated kids — is not known precisely. But Offit says he suspects it would be the unvaccinated group. And there's no doubt that 1,000 unvaccinated children would suffer more COVID-19-related illnesses. "A choice not to get a vaccine is not a choice to avoid myocarditis," he says. "It's a choice to take a different risk — and I would argue a more serious one" — of developing a bad case of COVID-19 or long-COVID or COVID-caused myocarditis.

Are the experts advising their own kids in this age group to get vaccinated?

Yes. "I understand people having concerns," says Dr. Judith Guzman-Cottrill. She's a parent and professor of pediatric infectious diseases at the Oregon Health and Science University, as well as the senior author on a small study that came out this month in the journal Pediatrics. In the report, Guzman-Cottrill and her colleagues analyzed the cases of seven boys around the country who developed myocarditis within four days of receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

She and her family recently faced the vaccination decision for her own 13-year-old daughter — and said a whole-hearted yes to the shot.

Guzman-Cottrill suspects there may turn out to be a slightly increased risk of heart inflammation from vaccination in young people, but she and her co-authors note in the Pediatrics report that a direct cause-and-effect connection — even in these seven cases — has yet to be established. And she's impressed that despite the millions of doses that have so far been delivered to teens, no clear and serious post-vaccination problems have shown up. "The emergency departments and urgent care clinics are not filled with teenagers complaining of chest pain," she says.

She's treated unvaccinated teens who developed severe myocarditis from an infection with the COVID-19 virus, and others who developed COVID-19 pneumonia and respiratory failure. Seeing those teens struggle — teens who lacked the powerful immune protection the vaccine provides — was enough for her to suggest vaccination to her daughter, who got her second vaccination earlier this week.

"She saw it as a pathway back to a normal post pandemic life," Guzman-Cottrill says.

And that's where public health comes in. "We really need a highly vaccinated student body when kids return to the classroom this fall," says Guzman-Cottrill, "so we don't see surges in COVID-19 cases."

Joanne Silberner, a former health policy correspondent for NPR, is a freelance journalist living in Seattle.

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

The dangerous Delta variant of the coronavirus is spreading so quickly in the United States that it's likely the mutant strain will become predominant in the U.S. within weeks, according to a new analysis.

The variant, first identified in India, is the most contagious yet and, among those not yet vaccinated, may trigger serious illness in more people than other variants do, say scientists tracking the spread of infection.

The Delta variant apparently already accounts for at least 14% of all new infections, according to the research analysis posted online Monday of more than 242,000 infections nationwide over the last six months.

Another reason to get vaccinated

"It definitely is of concern," says William Lee, the vice president of science at Helix, which is under contract with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to help track the variants.

"Just the fact that it's so transmissible means that it's it's dangerous," Lee says, "and so I think you'll see outbreaks of Delta around the country and more people will get sick from it."

Helix launched the study when researchers spotted a drop in the prevalence of the Alpha variant, a contagious strain first spotted in the U.K. that had quickly become the dominant variant in that country and the U.S.

The researchers discovered the drop in relative frequency of the Alpha variant in their spot checks of strains circulating in the U.S. was due to a rapid increase in two other variants: the Gamma variant, first spotted in Brazil, and the Delta variant. The Gamma variant may be slightly better than the original strain at outmaneuvering the vaccines, researchers say.

"It looks like both of them are going to slowly push out Alpha," says Lee, whose study has not yet been peer-reviewed but has been posted on a pre-print server.

How Delta could prompt another U.S. COVID-19 surge

All the vaccines authorized for use in the U.S. appear, in general, to provide powerful protection against all the variants, including Delta. But the rapid spread of the variants is still raising concern because of the large number of people who remain unvaccinated.

"There still are big portions of the country where the rates of vaccination are quite low," notes Dr. Jeremy Luban, a virologist at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. "And, in fact, the Helix paper shows that this Delta variant is increasing in frequency — the speed at which it's increasing in frequency is greatest in those areas where vaccination rates are lowest."

The Delta variant could trigger yet another moderate surge of infections through many parts of the U.S. because of these pockets of unvaccinated people, according to a recent set of projections from the COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, which is helping the CDC plot the future course of the pandemic.

The projections indicate that infections could start to rise again as soon as some time in July, especially if the vaccination campaign continues to stall.

"For the most part, it's a moderate resurgence," says Justin Lessler, an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University who is helping coordinate the hub.

"We're not having massive epidemics at a national level, but we have this kind of continuation of the virus just sticking around and keeping us on our toes," Lessler says. "And in specific places there could be substantial epidemics still."

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

Patrick Doherty volunteered for a new medical intervention of gene-editor infusions for the treatment of genetically-based diseases.; Credit: /Patrick Doherty

Patrick Doherty had always been very active. He trekked the Himalayas and hiked trails in Spain.

But about a year and a half ago, he noticed pins and needles in his fingers and toes. His feet got cold. And then he started getting out of breath any time he walked his dog up the hills of County Donegal in Ireland where he lives.

"I noticed on some of the larger hill climbs I was getting a bit breathless," says Doherty, 65. "So I realized something was wrong."

Doherty found out he had a rare, but devastating inherited disease — known as transthyretin amyloidosis — that had killed his father. A misshapen protein was building up in his body, destroying important tissues, such as nerves in his hands and feet and his heart.

Doherty had watched others get crippled and die difficult deaths from amyloidosis.

"It's terrible prognosis," Doherty says. "This is a condition that deteriorates very rapidly. It's just dreadful."

So Doherty was thrilled when he found out that doctors were testing a new way to try to treat amyloidosis. The approach used a revolutionary gene-editing technique called CRISPR, which allows scientists to make very precise changes in DNA.

"I thought: Fantastic. I jumped at the opportunity," Doherty says.

On Saturday, researchers reported the first data indicating that the experimental treatment worked, causing levels of the destructive protein to plummet in Doherty's body and the bodies of five other patients treated with the approach.

"I feel fantastic," Doherty says. "It's just phenomenal."

The advance is being hailed not just for amyloidosis patients but also as a proof-of-concept that CRISPR could be used to treat many other, much more common diseases. It's a new way of using the innovative technology.

"This is a major milestone for patients," says Jennifer Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley, who shared a Nobel Prize for her work helping develop CRISPR.

"While these are early data, they show us that we can overcome one of the biggest challenges with applying CRISPR clinically so far, which is being able to deliver it systemically and get it to the right place," Doudna says.

CRISPR has already been shown to help patients suffering from the devastating blood disorders sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia. And doctors are trying to use it to treat cancer and to restore vision to people blinded by a rare genetic disorder.

But those experiments involve taking cells out of the body, editing them in the lab, and infusing them back in or injecting CRISPR directly into cells that need fixing.

The study Doherty volunteered for is the first in which doctors are simply infusing the gene-editor directly into patients and letting it find its own way to the right gene in the right cells. In this case, it's cells in the liver making the destructive protein.

"This is the first example in which CRISPR-Cas9 is injected directly into the bloodstream — in other words systemic administration — where we use it as a way to reach a tissue that's far away from the site of injection and very specifically use it to edit disease-causing genes," says John Leonard, the CEO of Intellia Therapeutics, which is sponsoring the study.

Doctors infused billions of microscopic structures known as nanoparticles carrying genetic instructions for the CRISPR gene-editor into four patients in London and two in New Zealand. The nanoparticles were absorbed by their livers, where they unleashed armies of CRISPR gene-editors. The CRISPR editor honed in on the target gene in the liver and sliced it, disabling production of the destructive protein.

Within weeks, the levels of protein causing the disease plummeted. Researchers reported at the Peripheral Nerve Society Annual Meeting and in a paper published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

"It really is exciting," says Dr. Julian Gillmore, who is leading the study at the University College London, Royal Free Hospital.

"This has the potential to completely revolutionize the outcome for these patients who have lived with this disease in their family for many generations. It's decimated some families that I've been looking after. So this is amazing," Gillmore says.

The patients will have to be followed longer, and more patients will have to be treated, to make sure the treatment's safe, and determine how much it's helping, Gillmore stresses. But the approach could help those struck by amyloidosis that isn't inherited, which is a far more common version of the disease, he says.

Moreover, the promising results potentially open the door for using the same approach to treatment of many other, more common diseases for which taking cells out of the body or directly injecting CRISPR isn't realistic, including heart disease, muscular dystrophy and brain diseases such as Alzheimer's.

"This is really opening a new era as we think about gene-editing where we can begin to think about accessing all kinds of different tissue in the body via systemic administration," Leonard says.

Other scientists who are not involved in the research agree.

"This is a wonderful day for the future of gene-editing as a medicine,"
agree Fyodor Urnov, a professor of genetics at the University of California, Berkeley. "We as a species are watching this remarkable new show called: our gene-edited future."

Doherty says he started feeling better within weeks of the treatment and has continued to improve in the weeks since then.

"I definitely feel better," he told NPR. "I'm speaking to you from upstairs in our house. I climbed stairs to get up here. I would have been feeling breathless. I'm thrilled."

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

Moderna says recently completed studies have found its vaccine to have a neutralizing effect against all COVID-19 variants tested, including the delta variant.; Credit: Fred Tanneau/AFP via Getty Images

Studies have found that Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine is effective against several variants of concern, including the delta variant, the biotech company announced.

Moderna said Tuesday that recently completed studies have found the vaccine to have a neutralizing effect against all COVID-19 variants tested, including the beta, delta, eta and kappa variants.

While still highly effective against the delta variant, the study showed the vaccine was less effective against it and certain other variants than against the original strain of the virus.

The antibody response against the delta variant was about two times weaker than against the ancestral strain of the virus.

The news echoes other findings that the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are highly effective against the delta variant. A study published this month in Nature found that Pfizer's vaccine was able to neutralize variants including delta, though at somewhat reduced strength.

"These new data are encouraging and reinforce our belief that the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine should remain protective against newly detected variants," Stéphane Bancel, Moderna's chief executive officer, said in a statement. "These findings highlight the importance of continuing to vaccinate populations with an effective primary series vaccine."

The company also said it is developing a booster candidate: a 50-50 mix of its currently authorized COVID-19 vaccine and another messenger RNA vaccine it has developed.

The delta variant is spreading fast

The delta variant is the fast-moving form of the coronavirus that is now found in 96 countries, including the United States.

Last week, Dr. Anthony Fauci of the National Institutes of Health said the delta variant is "currently the greatest threat in the U.S. to our attempt to eliminate COVID-19," noting that the proportion of infections being caused by the variant is doubling every two weeks.

The delta variant is now infecting at least 1 out of every 5 people who get the virus in the United States. In some sections of the country, the variant is already far more common, particularly in parts of the Midwest and West. At its current pace, the delta variant is expected to be the dominant virus in the U.S. within weeks.

Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, an infectious disease expert at the World Health Organization, called the delta variant "incredibly transmissible."

"These viruses are becoming more fit. The virus is evolving, and this is natural," she told NPR's Morning Edition. "It's more transmissible than the alpha variant, so we need to just do all we can to prevent as many infections as we can and do what we can do to reduce the spread."

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.