Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of intestinal disorders that cause chronic inflammation of the digestive tract [1]. The digestive tract, which comprises the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, is responsible for breaking down food, extracting the

Apart from releasing the teaser of 'Tere Bina', Salman Khan wished his fans 'a very happy Mothers' Day'

‘About 68 lakh youth have applied for government jobs’

The postal department will release a special cover dedicated to the migrant workers of Mumbai in the Bicentennial Hall of General Post Office (GPO), Fort, May 13. In fact five migrants from different sectors of the labour force will unveil the tribute.

Fear of virus is overshadowing government appeals to businesses to resume operations

Ayushmann Khurrana all set to release a dedication to 'Ma' on Mot...

Mortality increases if COVID-19 positive person delays in visiting hospital...

By default, composing a new email in Gmail results in an HTML email under the hood. It’s possible to opt-out of that and use plain text email instead, but that leads to some problems.

Phase 1 will include a considerable easing of measures that will allow people to move around their province as well as attend concerts and go to the theatre. Gatherings of up to 10 people will be allowed

JNU tentative academic calendar released for Monsoon session, set to return to classes by June 25

Santhanam's Server Sundaram to release in theatres

Postal dept to release special cover on migrant workers of Mumbai

Covid-19: Centre eases discharge rule, BMC scraps strict test order

Odisha, Goa ease labour norms, K'taka may follow

The RSS and Mr. Modi have attempted occasional gestures of outreach to the Muslims, as the outfit moved from the fringes to the front-line.

Another 1,083 people tested positive, half of them in hard-hit Lombardy, bringing Italy’s confirmed number of cases to 218,268.

567 foreigners to be handed over to police

Managements asked to allow parents to pay in instalments

Nine trade unions under the umbrella of Joint Committee of Trade Unions (JCTU) have said it would oppose any proposal to increase the working hours an

Another 279 patients in Chennai, taking the tally to 3,330

The district magistrates will explore the possibility of sending those Tablighi members, who belong to other states, in buses to their designated places in accordance with social distancing norms and other protocols, Delhi Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) Special CEO K S Meena said in a letter to deputy commissioners (administration).

Co-crystallization is a phenomenon widely employed to enhance the physio-chemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Exemestane, or 6-methyl­ideneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, is an anabolic steroid used as an irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor, which is in clinical use to treat breast cancer. The present study deals with the synthesis of co-crystals of exemestane with thio­urea by liquid-assisted grinding. The purity and homogeneity of the exemestane–thio­urea (1:1) co-crystal were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction followed by thermal stability analysis on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Detailed geometric analysis of the co-crystal demonstrated that a 1:1 co-crystal stoichiometry is sustained by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the amine (NH2) groups of thio­urea and the carbonyl group of exemestane. The synthesized co-crystal exhibited potent urease inhibition activity in vitro (IC50 = 3.86 ± 0.31 µg ml−1) compared with the API (exemestane), which was found to be inactive, and the co-former (thio­urea) (IC50 = 21.0 ± 1.25 µg ml−1), which is also an established tested standard for urease inhibition assays in vitro. The promising results of the present study highlight the significance of co-crystallization as a crystal engineering tool to improve the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients. Furthermore, the role of various hydrogen bonds in the crystal stability is successfully analysed quantitatively using Hirshfeld surface analysis.

TatD has been thoroughly investigated as a DNA-repair enzyme and an apoptotic nuclease, and still-unknown TatD-related DNases are considered to play crucial cellular roles. However, studies of TatD from Gram-positive bacteria have been hindered by an absence of atomic detail and the resulting inability to determine function from structure. In this study, an X-ray crystal structure of SAV0491, which is the TatD enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (SaTatD), is reported at a high resolution of 1.85 Å with a detailed atomic description. Although SaTatD has the common TIM-barrel fold shared by most TatD-related homologs, and PDB entry 2gzx shares 100% sequence identity with SAV0491, the crystal structure of SaTatD revealed a unique binding mode of two phosphates interacting with two Ni2+ ions. Through a functional study, it was verified that SaTatD has Mg2+-dependent nuclease activity as a DNase and an RNase. In addition, structural comparison with TatD homologs and the identification of key residues contributing to the binding mode of Ni2+ ions and phosphates allowed mutational studies to be performed that revealed the catalytic mechanism of SaTatD. Among the key residues composing the active site, the acidic residues Glu92 and Glu202 had a critical impact on catalysis by SaTatD. Furthermore, based on the binding mode of the two phosphates and structural insights, a putative DNA-binding mode of SaTatD was proposed using in silico docking. Overall, these findings may serve as a good basis for understanding the relationship between the structure and function of TatD proteins from Gram-positive bacteria and may provide critical insights into the DNA-binding mode of SaTatD.

There are several hypotheses about how amphibian chytrid has spread around the world, but the trade in amphibians for food, bait, pets and laboratory animals has been identified as the most likely mode of spread

The post Trade in frog legs may spread diseases deadly to amphibians appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

Smithsonian scientists have confirmed that chytridiomycosis, a rapidly spreading amphibian disease, has reached a site near Panama’s Darien region. This was the last area in the entire mountainous neotropics to be free of the disease. This is troubling news for the Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project, a consortium of nine U.S. and Panamanian institutions that aims to rescue 20 species of frogs in imminent danger of extinction.

The post Deadly amphibian disease detected in the last disease-free region of Central America appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

This image of lawyer Clarence S. Darrow (center) talking with group of men in Dayton, Tenn., in July 1925 is one of 10 photographs from […]

The post Scopes Trial photographs released on Web by Smithsonian Archives appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.