Rostock : Druck von Carl Boldt, 1857.

Oxford : printed by W. Baxter, 1843.

Edinburgh : printed by J. Stark, [1836?]

Dorpat : H. Laakmann, 1890.

Tubingen : H. Laupp, Jr, 1889.

Jena : G. Fischer, 1889.

Tubingen : H. Laupp, Jr, 1889.

Tubingen : H. Laupp, Jr, 1888.

Bath : And sold by Underwood, London, 1825.

London : printed for J. Dodsley, 1782.

Londres : Paris, 1840.

Paris : Carre et Naud, 1897.

The Mississippi education department will be the first to operate a teacher residency program, which aims to increase retention and diversity in the profession.

Springfield, Virginia : National Technical Information Service, 1986.

Oregon State basketball player Destiny Slocum has opted to enter the transfer portal for her final season of eligibility. Slocum, a 5-foot-7 guard, averaged a team-best 14.9 points and had 4.7 assists a game this past season with the Beavers, who finished the season ranked No. 14 with a 23-9 record. In a statement released by the university on Thursday, Slocum thanked everyone who supported her in the decision.

Daniel Rudolf, Björn Sprungk.

Source: Electronic Journal of Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 857--889.

Abstract:
A classical approach for approximating expectations of functions w.r.t. partially known distributions is to compute the average of function values along a trajectory of a Metropolis–Hastings (MH) Markov chain. A key part in the MH algorithm is a suitable acceptance/rejection of a proposed state, which ensures the correct stationary distribution of the resulting Markov chain. However, the rejection of proposals causes highly correlated samples. In particular, when a state is rejected it is not taken any further into account. In contrast to that we consider a MH importance sampling estimator which explicitly incorporates all proposed states generated by the MH algorithm. The estimator satisfies a strong law of large numbers as well as a central limit theorem, and, in addition to that, we provide an explicit mean squared error bound. Remarkably, the asymptotic variance of the MH importance sampling estimator does not involve any correlation term in contrast to its classical counterpart. Moreover, although the analyzed estimator uses the same amount of information as the classical MH estimator, it can outperform the latter in scenarios of moderate dimensions as indicated by numerical experiments.

High dimensional data often contain multiple facets, and several clustering patterns can co-exist under different variable subspaces, also known as the views. While multi-view clustering algorithms were proposed, the uncertainty quantification remains difficult --- a particular challenge is in the high complexity of estimating the cluster assignment probability under each view, and sharing information among views. In this article, we propose an approximate Bayes approach --- treating the similarity matrices generated over the views as rough first-stage estimates for the co-assignment probabilities; in its Kullback-Leibler neighborhood, we obtain a refined low-rank matrix, formed by the pairwise product of simplex coordinates. Interestingly, each simplex coordinate directly encodes the cluster assignment uncertainty. For multi-view clustering, we let each view draw a parameterization from a few candidates, leading to dimension reduction. With high model flexibility, the estimation can be efficiently carried out as a continuous optimization problem, hence enjoys gradient-based computation. The theory establishes the connection of this model to a random partition distribution under multiple views. Compared to single-view clustering approaches, substantially more interpretable results are obtained when clustering brains from a human traumatic brain injury study, using high-dimensional gene expression data.

Yong-Chao Zhang, Na Zhang.

Source: Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics, Volume 33, Number 1, 184--191.

Abstract:
We investigate the equivalence of dynamic and static asset allocations in the case where the price process of a risky asset is driven by a Poisson process. Under some mild conditions, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the equivalence of dynamic and static asset allocations. In addition, we provide a simple sufficient condition for the equivalence.

Building a scalable machine learning system for unsupervised anomaly detection via representation learning is highly desirable. One of the prevalent methods is using a reconstruction error from variational autoencoder (VAE) via maximizing the evidence lower bound. We revisit VAE from the perspective of information theory to provide some theoretical foundations on using the reconstruction error, and finally arrive at a simpler and more effective model for anomaly detection. In addition, to enhance the effectiveness of detecting anomalies, we incorporate a practical model uncertainty measure into the metric. We show empirically the competitive performance of our approach on benchmark datasets.

Adaptive importance samplers are adaptive Monte Carlo algorithms to estimate expectations with respect to some target distribution which extit{adapt} themselves to obtain better estimators over a sequence of iterations. Although it is straightforward to show that they have the same $mathcal{O}(1/sqrt{N})$ convergence rate as standard importance samplers, where $N$ is the number of Monte Carlo samples, the behaviour of adaptive importance samplers over the number of iterations has been left relatively unexplored. In this work, we investigate an adaptation strategy based on convex optimisation which leads to a class of adaptive importance samplers termed extit{optimised adaptive importance samplers} (OAIS). These samplers rely on the iterative minimisation of the $chi^2$-divergence between an exponential-family proposal and the target. The analysed algorithms are closely related to the class of adaptive importance samplers which minimise the variance of the weight function. We first prove non-asymptotic error bounds for the mean squared errors (MSEs) of these algorithms, which explicitly depend on the number of iterations and the number of samples together. The non-asymptotic bounds derived in this paper imply that when the target belongs to the exponential family, the $L_2$ errors of the optimised samplers converge to the optimal rate of $mathcal{O}(1/sqrt{N})$ and the rate of convergence in the number of iterations are explicitly provided. When the target does not belong to the exponential family, the rate of convergence is the same but the asymptotic $L_2$ error increases by a factor $sqrt{ ho^star} > 1$, where $ ho^star - 1$ is the minimum $chi^2$-divergence between the target and an exponential-family proposal.

Yicheng Li, Adrian E. Raftery.

Source: The Annals of Applied Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 381--408.

Abstract:
Smoking is one of the leading preventable threats to human health and a major risk factor for lung cancer, upper aerodigestive cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Estimating and forecasting the smoking attributable fraction (SAF) of mortality can yield insights into smoking epidemics and also provide a basis for more accurate mortality and life expectancy projection. Peto et al. ( Lancet 339 (1992) 1268–1278) proposed a method to estimate the SAF using the lung cancer mortality rate as an indicator of exposure to smoking in the population of interest. Here, we use the same method to estimate the all-age SAF (ASAF) for both genders for over 60 countries. We document a strong and cross-nationally consistent pattern of the evolution of the SAF over time. We use this as the basis for a new Bayesian hierarchical model to project future male and female ASAF from over 60 countries simultaneously. This gives forecasts as well as predictive distributions that can be used to find uncertainty intervals for any quantity of interest. We assess the model using out-of-sample predictive validation and find that it provides good forecasts and well-calibrated forecast intervals, comparing favorably with other methods.

Wenjie Wang, Robert Aseltine, Kun Chen, Jun Yan.

Source: The Annals of Applied Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 51--73.

Abstract:
The concept of integrating data from disparate sources to accelerate scientific discovery has generated tremendous excitement in many fields. The potential benefits from data integration, however, may be compromised by the uncertainty due to incomplete/imperfect record linkage. Motivated by a suicide risk study, we propose an approach for analyzing survival data with uncertain event times arising from data integration. Specifically, in our problem deaths identified from the hospital discharge records together with reported suicidal deaths determined by the Office of Medical Examiner may still not include all the death events of patients, and the missing deaths can be recovered from a complete database of death records. Since the hospital discharge data can only be linked to the death record data by matching basic patient characteristics, a patient with a censored death time from the first dataset could be linked to multiple potential event records in the second dataset. We develop an integrative Cox proportional hazards regression in which the uncertainty in the matched event times is modeled probabilistically. The estimation procedure combines the ideas of profile likelihood and the expectation conditional maximization algorithm (ECM). Simulation studies demonstrate that under realistic settings of imperfect data linkage the proposed method outperforms several competing approaches including multiple imputation. A marginal screening analysis using the proposed integrative Cox model is performed to identify risk factors associated with death following suicide-related hospitalization in Connecticut. The identified diagnostics codes are consistent with existing literature and provide several new insights on suicide risk, prediction and prevention.

Laura Anderlucci, Angela Montanari, Cinzia Viroli.

Source: Statistical Science, Volume 34, Number 2, 280--300.

Abstract:
In this paper, we retrace the recent history of statistics by analyzing all the papers published in five prestigious statistical journals since 1970, namely: The Annals of Statistics , Biometrika , Journal of the American Statistical Association , Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B and Statistical Science . The aim is to construct a kind of “taxonomy” of the statistical papers by organizing and clustering them in main themes. In this sense being identified in a cluster means being important enough to be uncluttered in the vast and interconnected world of the statistical research. Since the main statistical research topics naturally born, evolve or die during time, we will also develop a dynamic clustering strategy, where a group in a time period is allowed to migrate or to merge into different groups in the following one. Results show that statistics is a very dynamic and evolving science, stimulated by the rise of new research questions and types of data.

Víctor Elvira, Luca Martino, David Luengo, Mónica F. Bugallo.

Source: Statistical Science, Volume 34, Number 1, 129--155.

Abstract:
Importance sampling (IS) methods are broadly used to approximate posterior distributions or their moments. In the standard IS approach, samples are drawn from a single proposal distribution and weighted adequately. However, since the performance in IS depends on the mismatch between the targeted and the proposal distributions, several proposal densities are often employed for the generation of samples. Under this multiple importance sampling (MIS) scenario, extensive literature has addressed the selection and adaptation of the proposal distributions, interpreting the sampling and weighting steps in different ways. In this paper, we establish a novel general framework with sampling and weighting procedures when more than one proposal is available. The new framework encompasses most relevant MIS schemes in the literature, and novel valid schemes appear naturally. All the MIS schemes are compared and ranked in terms of the variance of the associated estimators. Finally, we provide illustrative examples revealing that, even with a good choice of the proposal densities, a careful interpretation of the sampling and weighting procedures can make a significant difference in the performance of the method.

London : Cleanair (33 Stillness Rd, London, SE23 1NG), [198-?]

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Italian translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, December 2017

The findings further refute the outdated notion that humans' capacity for complex artistic expression evolved exclusively in Europe

The story of two bored art lovers who found a way to "a-mouse" themselves

In the late 1300s, tea was introduced to Japan from mainland China, transported in delicate jars. Over the years, as drinking tea became a prized activity in Japan, so too did the jars in which it was stored

The government of the Northwest Territories has made an exemption on border restrictions for a veterinarian from Alberta to practice in the territory, after he received public and political support.

"It is unfortunate that it has come to pass that we have to collectively and overtly publicly declare that we are unified," says Alberta Medical Association president Christine Molnar.

Disaster relief funding for punishing spring floods is welcome news to civic leaders in northern Alberta.

A longstanding battle between an Alberta entrepreneur and a $50-million lottery winner is still raging after a new legal judgment, a securities investigation, allegations of harassment and even duelling ebooks.

Tissue engineering has a unique set of tools and technologies for developing preventive strategies, diagnostics, and treatments that can play an important role during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Quebecers, like the rest of the world, are growing accustomed to the uncertainty that's accompanied the pandemic. But they may not appreciate their government adding to that already hefty burden.

They're not necessarily treating sick patients in hospitals, but a number of Manitoba-based scientists are working long hours and facing incredible pressure to battle the novel coronavirus from their labs and research facilities.

The upcoming debate about whether to expand the urban boundary is one of the city's big issues this term. But instead of delaying it, the city's testing out a never-before-attempted democratic process. Should they?

Toronto Raptors guard Fred VanVleet was enjoying the best season of his career, and was set to strike it rich with a lucrative new deal this summer before the coronavirus brought the NBA and global sports to its knees in mid-March.

At the onset of the coronavirus crisis, the Federal Reserve relied on repurchase agreements, or repos, as a large part...

The post OpenMarkets Weekly: The Importance of Repo Markets appeared first on OpenMarkets.

It will be a difficult road back to any kind of normal living.

Mary Ellen Dalgleish, a poultry expert at Purity Feeds in Kamloops, B.C., believes the increased interest in backyard chickens follows concerns about food security when consumers saw grocery store shelves cleared out early in the COVID-19 pandemic in B.C.

With the effects of the pandemic playing out differently across the province, it's unlikely that all areas will reopen on the same timeline.

Nearly a quarter-million more Albertans lost work in April as the economic shutdown due to COVID-19 continued, with young workers — particularly young women — being disproportionately affected.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there are so many numbers flying around, it's hard to keep track. Here, we'll do our best to keep track for you, with new charts updated daily and the context surrounding the data.

An inmate at the Calgary Remand Centre has tested positive for COVID-19, marking the first time a case has been reported at an Alberta correctional facility.