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Damped dual stage actuation disk drive suspensions

Various embodiments concern a DSA suspension of a disk drive. The DSA suspension comprises a support configured to attach to the disk drive, the support comprising a proximal portion, a distal portion, and a linkage portion therebetween. The DSA head suspension system further comprises at least one motor mounted on the support, each motor positioned between the proximal portion and the distal portion. The DSA suspension further comprises a damper attached to some or all of the proximal portion, the motor(s), the distal portion, and the linkage portion. The damper can be a single layer or multilayered. The damper can comprise viscoelastic material. The damper can be adhesive. The damper may only be attached to the support and the motors and not to other components of the DSA suspension.




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Head transducer with multiple resistance temperature sensors for head-medium spacing and contact detection

A head transducer, configured to interact with a magnetic recording medium, includes a first sensor having a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and configured to produce a first sensor signal, and a second sensor having a TCR and configured to produce a second sensor signal. One of the first and second sensors is situated at or near a close point of the head transducer in relation to the magnetic recording medium, and the other of the first and second sensors spaced away from the close point. Circuitry is configured to combine the first and second sensor signals and produce a combined sensor signal indicative of one or both of a change in head-medium spacing and head-medium contact. Each of the sensors may have a TCR with the same sign (positive or negative) or each sensor may have a TCR with a different sign.




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Disk drive suspension with microactuator elements on respective slider sides and damper member on gimbal portion away from dimple

A slider and microactuator elements are disposed on a gimbal portion of a flexure. A tongue of the gimbal portion has a first tongue portion, a second tongue portion, and a hinge portion. A leading-side portion of the slider is movably disposed on the first tongue portion. A trailing-side portion of the slider is secured to the second tongue portion. The hinge portion is formed between the first tongue portion and the second tongue portion. The gimbal portion is provided with a damper member includes a viscoelastic material layer and a constrained plate. The damper member comprises a first damper and a second damper. The hinge portion is exposed between the first damper and the second damper. A dimple on a load beam contacts the hinge portion at a point of contact.




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Current-perpendicular-to-the-plane (CPP) magnetoresistive (MR) sensor structure with multiple stacked sensors and improved center shield

A two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) read head has upper and lower read sensors wherein the lower read sensor has its magnetization biased by side shields of soft magnetic material. The center shield between the lower and upper sensors may be an antiparallel structure (APS) with two ferromagnetic layers separated by an antiparallel coupling (APC) layer. The center shield has a central region and two side regions, but there is no antiferromagnetic (AF) layer in the central region. Instead the two side regions of the upper ferromagnetic layer in the APS are pinned by AF tab layers that are electrically isolated from the upper sensor. The upper ferromagnetic layer and the APC layer in the APS may also be located only in the side regions. The thickness of the center shield can thus be made thinner, which reduces the free layer to free layer spacing.




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Disk drive measuring fly height by applying a bias voltage to an electrically insulated write component of a head

A disk drive is disclosed comprising a disk, and a slider comprising a head, where the head comprises a write component electrically insulated from the slider. A bias voltage is applied to the write component, and a current flowing between the write component and the disk is measured, wherein the current is indicative of a fly height of the head.




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Ball-screw assembly isolator having compressible members

A ball-screw assembly isolator is provided, and includes a housing; a ball-screw, a bearing assembly, a retaining member, a first compressible member and a second compressible member. The bearing assembly is located between the housing and the ball-screw. The bearing assembly includes an outer race. The retaining member is secured by the housing. The first compressible member is positioned between the housing and the outer race. The second compressible member is positioned between the outer race and the retaining member. The retaining member is configured to be preloaded to exert an axial force upon the first compressible member and the second compressible member.




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Vibration-damping plain bearing composite and plain bearing bushing and plain bearing assembly

A vibration-damping plain bearing composite comprising a sliding layer, a dimensionally stable support layer and an elastic layer. In one embodiment, the dimensionally stable support layer is arranged between the sliding layer and the elastic layer; in another embodiment, the elastic layer is arranged between the sliding layer and the dimensionally stable support layer. The bearing composites are characterized that a ratio of the thickness of the elastic layer tEL to a thickness of the sliding layer tSL is at least 3.




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Administering message acknowledgements in a parallel computer

Administering message acknowledgements in a parallel computer that includes compute nodes, with each compute node including a processor and a messaging accelerator, includes: storing in a list, by a processor of a compute node, a message descriptor describing a message and an acknowledgement request descriptor describing a request for an acknowledgement of receipt of the message; processing, by a messaging accelerator of the compute node, the list, including transmitting, to a target compute node, the message described by the message descriptor and transmitting, to the target compute node, the request described by the acknowledgement request descriptor; receiving, by the messaging accelerator from the target compute node, an acknowledgement of receipt of the message, including notifying the processor of receipt of the acknowledgement; and removing, by the processor from the list, the message descriptor and the acknowledgment request descriptor.




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Information output device, method, and recording medium for outputting notification information corresponding to a state of a computer

An information output device includes a first processor configured to execute a process to determine a type of notification information which is outputted from a computer and which notifies a state of the computer; and a second processor configured to execute a process to create a chart, in which a first coordinate axis represents time when the notification information is outputted from the computer, a second coordinate axis represents the type of the notification information, and the notification information is drawn at a corresponding position, and output the chart.




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Method and computer device for inserting attachments into electronic message

A method for inserting attachments into an electronic message is provided. The method may include searching a keyword database to determine if a content of the electronic message includes a keyword, a key phrase, or a key sentence defined in the keyword database. The method may also include applying a condition to a file database, if the determination is affirmative, so as to search for at least a candidate item. The candidate item may be presented in a menu to the user. The method may further include enabling, in response to the user's confirmation of the candidate item, the confirmed candidate item to be inserted into the electronic message automatically to become an attachment thereto.




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Computation device and computation execution method

A computation device includes a data path element (300) including a function processing unit (4000) that executes a computation specified in a function using input data included in an event (1000) as an argument; and a control path element (2000) that detects the event (1000) by use of a return value (ret) of the function. The function processing unit (4000) includes a data calculation unit (4001) that executes a computation and outputs a first result (d0); and a control comparison unit (4002) that outputs, to the control path element (2000), a result of comparison between the input data and data for specifying the event (1000), as the return value (ret).




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Apparatus and method for supporting suspend of composite network device

An apparatus and a method support a selective suspend mode in a driver for any one of at least two devices constituting a composite network device. When a device of the driver requests suspend mode transition, a Physical Device Object (PDO) constituting a driver of the composite network device is identified by a PDO check part. A suspend mode transition request information of the device is sent to an operating system through the PDO. When the operating system allows the suspend mode transition, a control part sends suspend mode transition indication information to the device through the PDO.




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Protecting visible data during computerized process usage

Embodiments of the present invention provide an approach for protecting visible data during computerized process usage. Specifically, in a typical embodiment, when a computerized process is identified, a physical page key (PPK) is generated (e.g., a unique PPK may be generated for each page of data) and stored in at least one table. Based on the PPK a virtual page key (VPK) is generated and stored in at least one register. When the process is later implemented, and a request to access a set of data associated the process is received, it will be determined whether the VPK is valid (based on the PPK). Based on the results of this determination, a data access determination is made.




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Asynchronous callback driven messaging request completion notification

Through an asynchronous callback enhancement, a thread makes a non-blocking request (e.g., send, receive, I/O) to a message passing interface library, and a callback routine is associated with the request as an asynchronous callback to the thread. The callback is queued for execution in the requesting thread and so has a deterministic execution context. Callback queuing may occur in response to another thread detecting that the request is complete. Further control over callback execution is provided by state transitions which determine whether the thread is open to processing (e.g., executing) an asynchronous callback. Callback association is done by a broad or by narrow association routines. An application which has processes organized in ranks, each including a communication thread with associated callback(s), and multiple worker threads. Interruptible wait enhancements may also be present.




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Process for the synthesis of functionalized poly (1,3-alkadienes) and use thereof in the preparation of high impact vinyl aromatic polymers

Process for the preparation of vinyl aromatic (co) polymers grafted on an elastomer in a controlled manner, comprising: dissolving an elastomer functionalized with bromoalkanes and nitroxy radicals, soluble in non-polar solvents, in a liquid phase consisting of a mixture of vinyl aromatic monomer(s)/polymerization solvent; feeding at least one radical initiator to the mixture, containing the functionalized elastomer in solution, and polymerizing the mixture thus obtained at a temperature higher than or equal to 1200 C; recovering the vinyl aromatic (co) polymer obtained after devolatization; and recycling the solvent/monomer(s) mixture, coming from the devolatization, to step (a).




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Polymerizable compound, polymerizable composition, polymer, and optically anisotropic body

The present invention provides a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula (I), a polymerizable composition that includes the polymerizable compound and an initiator, a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound or the polymerizable composition, and an optically anisotropic article that includes the polymer. The polymerizable compound, polymerizable composition, and polymer have a practical low melting point, exhibit an excellent solubility in a general-purpose solvent, can be produced at low cost, and may produce an optical film that achieves uniform conversion of polarized light over a wide wavelength band, and an optically anisotropic article.




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Single layer film and hydrophilic material comprising the same

There is stably provided a hydrophilic cured product, such as a single-layer film, in which anionic hydrophilic groups are concentrated at a surface that is in contact with the air and which is excellent in transparency and adhesion to a substrate and tends to be rarely cracked. The hydrophilic cured product or single-layer film comprising a resin composition is produced by applying a mixture containing a polyvalent monomer (II) having two or more (meth) acryloyl groups and a compound (IV) having a specific group and a sulfonic acid group to a substrate or the like, drying the mixture if necessary, and then performing polymerization.




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Pattern-forming method, and radiation-sensitive composition

A pattern-forming method includes providing a resist film on a substrate using a radiation-sensitive composition. The resist film is exposed. The exposed resist film is developed using a developer solution. The developer solution includes no less than 80% by mass of an organic solvent. The radiation-sensitive composition includes at least two components including a first polymer and a radiation-sensitive acid generator. The first polymer includes a structural unit having an acid-labile group. One or more components of the radiation-sensitive composition have a group represented by a formula (1). A− represents —N−—SO2—RD, —COO−, —O− or —SO3−. —SO3− does not directly bond to a carbon atom having a fluorine atom. RD represents a linear or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group, or the like. X+ represents an onium cation. —A−X+ (1)




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Catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins

Catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins comprising Mg, Ti and an electron donor compound of the following formula (I) In which R1 to R4 groups, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen, C1-C15 hydrocarbon groups, optionally containing an heteroatom selected from halogen, P, S, N and Si, R6 group is selected from C1-C15 hydrocarbon groups optionally containing an heteroatom selected from halogen, P, S, N and Si, and R5 is selected from phenyl groups mono or poly substituted with halogens, said groups R1-R4 being also optionally linked to form a saturated or unsaturated mono or poly cycle.




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Catalyst composition for the copolymerization of propylene

The present invention relates to a process for the production of propylene polymers in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst comprising a titanium compound having at least one titanium-halogen bond, and a blend of a diether compound and a succinate compound as internal electron donor, all supported on a magnesium halide in active form, an organoaluminium compound and an optional external donor.




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Polymer compositions and methods of making and using same

A polymer reactor-blend comprising at least a first component having a polydispersity index of greater than about 20 and is present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 99 wt. % based on the total weight of the polymer and a second component having a polydispersity index of less than about 20 and is present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 99 wt. % based on the total weight of the polymer wherein a molecular weight distribution of the second component lies within a molecular weight distribution of the first component.




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Polyolefin production using an improved catalyst system

Polyolefin production using an improved catalyst system and, in particular, a method for production of a polyolefin is disclosed. One or more monomers are contacted with a catalyst system. The catalyst system includes titanium tetrachloride as a catalyst precursor and magnesium ethylate as a support for the catalyst precursor. The catalyst system also includes a hydrocarbyl aluminum cocatalyst represented by the formula R3Al, where R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and where the molar ratio of the hydrocarbyl aluminum cocatalyst to the titanium tetrachloride catalyst precursor ranges from 50:1 to 400:1. The catalyst system also includes a halogenated hydrocarbon as a promoter, where the molar ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon promoter to the titanium tetrachloride catalyst precursor ranges from 0.001:1 to 300:1.




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Polyolefin strap comprising a random copolymer of propylene with 1-hexene

A strap comprising a propylene and 1-hexene copolymer containing from 0.3 wt % to less than 5 wt % of 1-hexene derived units said copolymer having a melt flow rate (MFR) determined according to ISO method 1133 (230° C., 2.16 kg ranging from 0.3 to less than 11 g/10 min.




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Ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable groups comprising polycarbosiloxane monomers

The present application relates to novel monomers comprising polycarbosiloxane monomers useful in certain specific embodiments in the manufacture of devices. More particularly, the present application relates to certain ethylenically unsaturated free radical polymerizable monomers comprising polycarbosiloxane monomers. Even more particularly, the present application pertains to monomers comprising polycarbosiloxane monomers which further comprise at least two ethylenically unsaturated free radical polymerizable groups.




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Composition of polymers derived from renewable resources

The present invention relates to a polymer composition comprising polylactide and, based on the weight of this polymer, from 17 to 25 wt % of a chain modifier, from 30 to 55 wt % of an elastomeric polymer and from 20 to 45 wt % of a plasticizer. The invention also relates to the method of preparing said composition as well as to the method of manufacturing an article starting from said composition and the article per se.




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Water/oil repellent composition, method for its production and article

To provide a water/oil repellent composition which can impart sufficient post-air-drying water/oil repellency to the surface of an article, and which presents a low environmental impact, and an article having its surface treated with the water/oil repellent composition. A water/oil repellent composition comprising a copolymer (A) having structural units based on a monomer (a), structural units based on a monomer (b), structural units based on a monomer (c) and/or structural units based on a monomer (d); and an aqueous medium (B) containing water, and a film-forming assistant (x) and/or a film-forming assistant (y). Monomer (a): a monomer having a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group, monomer (b): vinylidene chloride, monomer (c): a monomer, the homopolymer of which has a glass transition temperature of at least 20° C., monomer (d): a monomer having a crosslinkable functional group, film-forming assistant (x): a specific amide solvent, and film-forming assistant (y): a specific glycol solvent.




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Polymer compositions containing mechanochromic polymers

The present invention relates to a polymer composition that includes a polymer having at least one polymer segment represented by the following Formula (I), With reference to Formula (I): M independently for each w is a residue of a monomer; φ is a residue of a mechanochromic compound having at least two reactive groups that are each independently bonded to one monomer residue M; w, independently for each z, is an integer of at least 1; and z is an integer of at least 2. The mechanochromic compound is selected from at least one of the following, (a) a spirooxazine compound represented by the following Formula (II), and (b) an indenonaphthopyran represented by the following Formula (III),




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Method for preparation of platinum-carbonyl-siloxane compounds

The invention relates to a method for preparation of platinum siloxane compounds containing at least one CO ligand molecule (Pt carbonyl siloxanes). The method comprises reacting gaseous carbon monoxide (CO) with a platinum siloxane compound, preferably a platinum vinyl-cyclosiloxane compound, in solution with an organic solvent. The method is straightforward and applicable to industrial scale. With this method, specific isomers of platinum carbonyl vinylcyclosiloxanes are prepared, in which the two η-2-ethenyl groups coordinated to the Pt atom are bonded in trans-configuration relative to the cyclosiloxane backbone. The Pt compounds obtained by the method are used as catalysts for hydrosilylation and for crosslinking and curing of siloxanes and silanes.




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Methods of constructing a pump island protector, and a pump island protector formed by such methods

A method of constructing a pump island protector to alleviate continuous maintenance required for a deteriorating existing steel pump island base, and a pump island protector constructed by the method. Using an adjustable form system and the combination of stainless steel members and new concrete, the existing pump island is re-wrapped with the stainless steel member and the new concrete.




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Methods of constructing a pump island protector, and a pump island protector formed by such methods

A method of constructing a pump island protector to alleviate continuous maintenance required for a deteriorating existing steel pump island base, and a pump island protector constructed by the method. Using an adjustable form system and the combination of stainless steel members and new concrete, the existing pump island is re-wrapped with the stainless steel member and the new concrete.




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Formfitting connection with break-away function in one direction between two components

A form-fitting connection between two components (5 and 14) has a break-away function in one direction. At least one connection element, designed as a shear bolt (6), is formfittingly connected to the first component (5) to be connected. The end of the shear bolt (6) is formfittingly and functionally connected to a second component (14) via an attached component (17) that is resilient in the direction of the formfitting connection.




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Stripping device for a soil compaction roller and soil compaction roller, in particular trench roller

The present invention relates to a stripping device for a drum of a soil compaction roller, in particular, a stripping device for a drum of a trench roller, wherein the stripping device comprises a first scraping element disposed on a drum surface. The drum surface is provided with protrusions disposed on the periphery of the drum surface, wherein a drum extender is adapted to be attached to the drum. Provision is also made for the stripping device to have a second scraping element which is mounted on the first scraping element in an axially displaceable manner, wherein the second scraping element is adapted for attachment to the first scraping element by means of at least one fixing means.




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Modifying compaction effort based on material compactability

A vibratory compactor having a first compacting element having a variable vibratory mechanism that sets a modifiable compaction effort, a second compacting element, a first sensor configured to measure a first surface compactability associated with the first compacting element, a second sensor configured to measure a second surface compactability associated with the second compacting element and a control system. The control system is configured to receive the first surface compactability, receive the second surface compactability, determine a target compaction effort for the first compacting element based on the first surface compactability and the second surface compactability, and modify the variable vibratory mechanism to set the compaction effort at the target compaction effort.




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Compaction device and method for compacting ground

A compaction device includes at least one traveling drum rotatable about a drum shaft and having vibration exciters including unbalanced masses rotating out of phase by 180 degrees in the same direction of rotation and generating an oscillation torque about the drum shaft, and having a drive shaft running coaxial to the drum shaft for driving the vibration exciters. The drum is divided at least once and each drum part includes at least two coupled vibration exciters mounted at a distance from the drum shaft in the drum.




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Structure for mounting a clip for a writing implement

A structure for mounting a clip for a writing implement which has a barrel extending along a longitudinal axis. The structure includes a fastening member made of plastic material integral with the barrel and having a proximal wall and a distal wall with respect to the barrel, the proximal and distal walls being arranged opposite each other and overall extending in substantially parallel respective planes in order to form between them a recess having an open insertion end. The clip includes a fastening portion having a substantially uniform thickness and is suitable for mounting in the recess by the open insertion end.




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Package for multiple personal care compositions

A package for two liquid personal care compositions, including an applicator, a first reservoir, and a second reservoir. The applicator is non-removably connected at and extends away from the first cavity. The first and second reservoirs each hold a quantity of a liquid composition therein. The first reservoir includes an open end sized for independent insertion and removal of the applicator therethrough. The first reservoir is removable and protectively encases the applicator. The second reservoir includes a closed end an opposing open end, through which a liquid composition can be dispensed.




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Container with improved opening system

Container for liquid or paste-like products, of the type consisting of a tank and of a closing cap of said tank and a handle for a stem carried by said cap, said tank consisting of a cylindrical body, limited above by a neck, said stem being configured to be introduced through said neck and having at the distal end thereof an application unit, characterized in that on the outer periphery of said neck there are provided relief shaped elements guiding and retaining pin elements projecting internally from said cap, said shaped elements consisting of a serrated, annular base crown and a series of guiding and retaining bodies, the axis of which is angled with respect to the axis of said tank 1 , said bodies being mutually separated and separated from said annular crown by a channel.




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Applicator for applying a composition to the eyelashes or the eyebrows

The present invention relates to an applicator for applying a composition to keratinous fibers, in particular the eyelashes or the eyebrows, the applicator including a stem having a longitudinal axis and including at least one elastically-deformable flexible portion that is suitable for flexing during application and/or wiping; and an applicator element that is fastened to the stem and that includes a twisted wire core and bristles that extend transversally to the longitudinal axis of the stem.




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Transmission power control on a wireless communication device for a plurality of regulated bands or component carriers

A wireless communication device is configured for performing uplink transmission power control. The wireless communication device includes a processor and instructions stored in memory. The wireless communication device performs uplink transmission power control for multiple regulated frequency bands or component carriers. The wireless communication device determines a total transmission power for at least one component carrier and allocates transmission power to at least one antenna.




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Modular draw out fan module with chimney design for cooling components in low voltage switchgear

A cabinet structure for a switchgear assembly. The cabinet structure includes a cabinet having upper and lower vents and a breaker cradle for holding a circuit breaker having primary disconnects for connecting the circuit breaker to bus bars. The cabinet further includes an air passageway located between the upper and lower vents, wherein the air passageway extends vertically through the primary disconnects and the cabinet. Further, the cabinet includes a fan module having at least one fan for drawing outside air through the lower vent, the air passageway and the primary disconnects for cooling the primary disconnects.




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Wide angle adjustable retrofit lamp for recessed lighting

A recessed lighting system is provided. The recessed lighting system includes a light module and a driver separately coupled to a chassis. The light module includes one or more rotatable prongs for allowing the light module to pivot while the driver and chassis remain static. By being mechanically separate, the driver does not interfere with the movement of the light module. In particular, since the light module is not directly coupled to and is mechanically separate from the driver, pivoting the light module does not require space in a cavity of an associated housing to accommodate the rotation of the driver. This independent freedom of movement allows the light module to achieve a greater degree of rotation in comparison to light modules that are mechanically dependent on drivers.




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LED lamp with cover having through holes

An LED lamp includes a base, a head connected to the base, an LED mounted on the base and a cover fixed on the base and covering the LED. The cover is made of metal and defines a plurality of through holes therein.




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Vehicular lamp

The present disclosure provides a vehicular lamp including a low-beam lamp and a daytime running lamp. The low-beam lamp includes a low-beam LED, a low-beam reflector, and a projection lens. The daytime running lamp includes a DRL LED, and a DRL reflector. The DRL LED is disposed at the rear side of the low-beam reflector to emit a light in a direction which intersects with the optical axis of the vehicular lamp. The DRL reflector includes an extension area that extends to at least the outer side of the projection lens when viewed from the front, and reflects the light from the DRL LED in the extension area to emit the light to the front side of the lamp through the outer side of the projection lens.




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Optical unit for a vehicular lamp

An optical unit includes: a heat sink that radiates heat from a light source; and a base portion including a reflector mounting section, a lens mounting section and a connecting section connecting the reflector mounting section and the lens mounting section. The base portion is configured such that the light from the light source is reflected by a reflector mounted onto the reflector mounting section and is incident onto a projection lens mounted onto the lens mounting section. The heat sink is exposed to a space surrounded by the lens mounting section, the connecting section and the reflector mounting section.




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Lead-free conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith

A lead-free conductive paste composition contains a source of an electrically conductive metal, a fusible material, an optional additive, and an organic vehicle. An article such as a high-efficiency photovoltaic cell is formed by a process of deposition of the lead-free paste composition on a semiconductor substrate (e.g., by screen printing) and firing the paste to remove the organic vehicle and sinter the metal and fusible material.




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LED lamp

A LED lamp is disclosed which has a plurality of light unit, each of the light unit has at least one flat metal lead for heat dissipation and the lower part of the metal lead is mounted on a heat sink for a further heat dissipation.




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Dimmable light source with temperature shift

An illumination device (1) comprises: input terminals (2) for coupling to AC mains;a LED string (10) connected in series with the input terminals;a rectifier (30), having input terminals connected in series with the LED string;a controllable voltage source (40), having input terminals coupled to the rectifier output terminals;a series arrangement of at least one auxiliary LED (51) and a second ballast resistor (52) connected to the output terminals of the controllable voltage source. The voltage source comprises: a series arrangement of an adjustable first resistor (46) and a second resistor (47) connected in parallel to the input terminals;a tuneable Zener diode (49) connected in parallel to the output terminals, having a control input terminal (48) connected to the node between the two resistors; wherein positive output terminal is connected to positive input terminal and negative output terminal is connected to negative input terminal.




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LED assembly having a refractor that provides improved light control

An LED assembly that includes optics and optical arrangements for light emitting diodes (LEDs). In some embodiments, a reflector is provided within a void between the lens and the LED. This reflector can reflect light emitted by the LED in a non-preferred direction back toward the preferred direction. In other embodiments, an optical element is formed or otherwise provided in the lens cavity and shaped so that, when the lens is positioned above the LED, the refractor bends the emitted light in a preferred direction. In some embodiments, both a reflector and optical element are provided in the LED assembly to control the directionality of the emitted light. Such embodiments of the invention can be used to increase the efficiency of an LED by ensuring that generated light is being directed to the target area of choice.




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Lamp having outer shell to radiate heat of light source

A lamp includes an outer shell having heat conductivity, a base provided in the outer shell, and a cover provided in the outer shell. The outer shell has a light source support, and a heat radiating surface exposed to the outside of the outer shell. The light source support is formed integral with the heat radiating surface. A light source is supported on the light source support. The light source is heated during lighting, and thermally connected to the light source support. The light source is covered with the cover.




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Interior lamp for vehicle

An interior lamp includes a design portion and a function portion. A circuit board is attached to the function portion. A light source is mounted on the circuit board. Terminals are mounted on a side portion of the circuit board. A connector is disposed on a side portion of the function portion. Connector terminals are provided on the connector. A switch has a switch knob and a switch body. The switch knob is attached to a side portion of the design portion. The switch body is attached to the side portion of the function portion. The switch knob and the switch body are operated in an interlocked manner to perform electrical connection between the terminals and the connector terminals selectively so as to perform a tuning on or off of the light source.