The readers of School Psychologist Blog Files were asked in February to share their own experiences and to vote on a poll "How do you feel about the level of education the school provides your child." It's important to understand that everyone's experience is unique. The readers come from different states, different school systems, and different grade levels. Laws and standards vary somewhat between states. Within any state, there are schools that do a better job suiting the needs of children than others. Within any school system, there are those star schools, and the schools that need more attention. Even within the best schools, there are still going to be individuals who have negative experiences. Within the worst schools, there will be those who have positive experiences. Regardless of your school or your situation, I believe that the readers of this blog care deeply about their child's education and have strong emotions about the education (positive or negative.)

The most popular response was "I generally feel good about the level of education, but have some complaints." I was glad to see that many of you are mostly satisfied. I hope that continues throughout your children's school career. Stay involved, speak up when needed, and compliment those who deserve it.

There was a strong outcry from those who endorsed "I feel as if the school is not supportive and I feel as though I am constantly fighting for his or her rights." This was the second most popular answer. While many feel comfortable with their schools, there are many parents out there who have the unsettling feeling of sending their child to a place they do not feel good about. Many of the readers are feeling that getting appropriate services only comes with a fight. Some of you are not having good experiences. I hope that you are able to find some support and insight here from others.

A few of you feel very thankful for the high level of education that your child is receiving. I am thankful to hear that some of the parents here feel exceptionally good about their child's school. Know this is a blessing that many others do not have.

Feel free to share your comments about experiences and offer some insight to others who may have similar experiences.

I would like to apologize to my readers for the leave of absense over the last few months. The past few months have been excessively busy for me, and School Psychologist Files has been put on the back burner. Now I'm back and have some new ideas for posts and updates. Look for new information in the coming months and weeks. Thanks for being patient with me.

Two years into my position in a culturally diverse school system has taught me many things that I never would have learned in my previous position in a school system with much less diversity. I had hoped to be bilingual by now, but I’m not even close to that goal. However, I do have the training to conduct assessments with bilingual students. Thanks to Samuel Ortiz, Ph.D. for his workshops, research, and books that we use so much in our system. Thanks to the other Psychologists in my system for mentoring me and helping me learn this process. It has helped us to better identify which students have a disability and which students only look like they have a disability because of their performance on tests that are not standardized on children with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Learning a second language is not a disability. Just because a student is struggling academically, does not mean he should qualify for special education.

What everyone involved in school needs to know:
It takes many years for a person learning a language to develop academic use of language to the same level as monolingual individuals. It does not always seem that way when a person has excellent conversational skills in English. However, social use of language is not as sophisticated as academic use of language. Students can appear to be fluent, when in actuality the language and vocabulary is not on grade level. If a student’s comprehension and expression of language is below grade level, academics will naturally be below grade level as well. This is not the same as having a disabling condition.

A child with good social use of language, but developing academic use of language often looks to teachers like a student with a disability, when in reality the student may be a typically developing second language learner. Special education is not the answer for this student; the answer comes through hard work, patience, and instruction through a high quality English as a Second Language Program. In the past (and currently in many systems) this child would be misidentified as a student with a disability and inappropriately put into special education programs.

What Parents need to know:
Traditional assessments are not standardized for use with culturally and linguistically diverse students, so typical interpretation of scores on these assessments are inappropriate. When school systems try to use these assessments in the traditional way and then apply the unreliable scores into eligibility criteria, it’s frankly scary.

If you are a parent of an English Language learner, insist that a bilingual assessment be administered. I recognize that the irony of this statement is that many parents of bilingual students are not reading this blog as it is in English only. I don’t really have a good answer for that at this time.

What Teachers need to know:
If you are a teacher, recognize that academic language competency takes time and it requires additional assessment tools to tease out if the difficulties are primarily the result of language and cultural differences or if it is the result of a disability.

What School Psychologists need to know:
If you are a School Psychologist and not using the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Cross-Battery Assessment, I strongly encourage you to take a look. Here is an article from the National Association of School Psychologists Website by Samuel Ortiz, Ph.D. on resources for cultural competency. http://www.nasponline.org/resources/culturalcompetence/ortiz.pdf Advocate that all School Psychologists in your system be trained to administer bilingual assessments or at least have someone competent on hand for these assessments. You can’t hire a School Psychologist in every possible language you might need, so it only makes sense for all School Psychologists to be trained to assess all students. It takes more time to do the assessment, interpret data, and write a report and it requires the use of hiring an interpreter for portions of the assessment, but it is well worth the time and money to properly identify these students. If your school system does not see it this way, bring it up as a solution to disproportionality.

Everyday Health is gathering the responses of several professionals of the top 5 questions they get regarding ADHD. They asked me to participate. The following are the questions and my answers. Check in with Everyday Health next week to see the compilation of responses.

1. Why are there so many theories about the causes of ADHD? What are the most common?

Any disorder that does not have a known cause is open to a number of theories. People naturally want to know why or want to feel as if it can be prevented in the future. Heredity is believed to be the most commonly accepted cause.

2. How can you explain the value of treatment to resistant parents? For example, “I survived my childhood with ADHD --and I was never diagnosed or treated. Why does my child need ADHD treatment?”

Often children with ADHD have gaps in their education. As they are in and out of focus each day, they miss key points in instruction. As new skills build upon old skills, it can be more and more difficult to learn new tasks where there are gaps in the foundation. This difficulty can make focusing even more difficult, further compounding the problem. Treatment can help reduce or prevent this cycle.

3. What role does a child’s school have in helping him or her with ADHD?

The school can help by providing support and accommodations specific to the particular needs of your child IF it can be determined that the symptoms of ADHD are significantly impacting his or her education. Of course, each school has different criteria for determining if there is a significant impact.

4. Are the medications recommended for ADHD safe for children? What are the potential dangers?

There is not a lot of solid research yet on this topic. While the medications are believed to be safe, they have not been around long enough to fully study long term effects. There are also side effects that may make the medications not worth the benefits in some children. All of that being said, I've seen kids who are finally able to focus after starting medication. Taking the medication improves learning, grades, and self esteem, which has numerous positive long term benefits. Medication is not something to take lightly. Parents must think very carefully weigh the unknown risks of taking the medications verses the possible risks of refusing the medications. There is not one answer that fits all children.

5. What are the most common side effects of ADHD meds?

Weight loss, behavioral changes, and headaches are possible side effects.

By Guest Blogger, Penny Williams of {a mom’s view of ADHD}

ADHD children do better with routine. It’s a proven fact. In a brain characteristically in chaos, the order routine provides is soothing. They need to know what to expect in advance and have time to make the mental transition as well.

Everything goes more smoothly for my son when he knows what’s coming and when, and everything falls apart when our schedule changes unexpectedly. As parents of neurologically different children, we make their world more comfortable by publicizing the family schedule and sticking to a routine as much as a family can. We have a routine for getting up and ready for school in the morning. We have a bedtime routine. We even have an {unpopular} dinnertime routine. Why should homework time be any different?

It has taken me two years to establish a fairly comfortable homework routine for Luke, my 8-year-old, third grade son who has ADHD and sensory integration issues. Two years of a lot of trial and error. And we aren’t set yet, nor do I predict we will be for many years. As the full extent of Luke’s written expression disorder has been revealed this year, the homework routine has changed quite a bit, but for the better.

Like Clockwork

I’ve experimented quite a bit with the time of day that we do homework. It was quickly apparent that waiting until after dinner (and after medications had worn off) was not going to work for Luke (or for me). We then tried right after school and at 4 pm, which is about 30 minutes after we arrive home from school. I liked the idea of some free time for Luke to unwind and a break from schoolwork that the 4 pm schedule offered. However, it hasn’t always worked out. In 30 minutes time he can get engrossed in something fun and then it’s a battle to get him to stop and do homework. I feel a little like a schoolmarm making him do homework the minute we get home, but he does his best work at that time.

Now sure we don’t always come straight home from school. Sometimes I’m working and grandma picks him up. Sometimes we have afterschool activities or just need to run to the grocery store. But Luke knows that we do homework when we return home from school, whatever time that may read on the clock. He has come to expect it.

Even Homework Needs a Home

Give homework papers and supplies a home and keep them in the same spot. When I say, “time to do homework,” Luke immediately goes to his homework spot. Well, not immediately. Even the best laid plan will not cure the typical resistance to homework. We keep Luke’s homework folder, pencils, etc. on his end of the snack bar. Up until a month or so ago, he sat there or just behind at the dining table to do his homework. We kept all needs there so he wouldn’t have the distraction of getting up to fetch something.

____________________________________________

Consider a Homework Toolkit: The toolkit will be some sort of box or desktop organizer, even an actual toolbox, with every single item necessary to complete homework, prepped and ready to go:

• pencils (sharpened -- sharpening pencils is a favorite procrastination technique of children),

• pencil sharpener (in case it breaks),

• pencil grips (if used),

• markers,

• colored pencils (sharpened),

• appropriate scissors,

• notebook paper,

• construction paper or blank copy paper,

• calculator,

• ruler,

• dictionary,

• index cards,

• highlighter,

• tape,

• glue stick,

• post-it notes,

• clip board (if not working at a table or desktop),

• anything else your child may use for homework

____________________________________________

Now that Luke has some technological accommodations for his written expression disability, he does his spelling homework on the computer. When I announce “homework time,” he gets his folder off the snack bar and brings it to my desk to work on my computer. (I am looking for a good place in my office to create a new homework spot now that things have changed.) He’s great with technology, and typing is so much easier for him than hand writing assignments was, so this change has actually allowed me to stop standing over him, constantly nagging, during homework for the first time since he started school. It’s wonderful!

He finishes his spelling assignment and then takes his book to the sofa and I set the timer for reading. If you don’t have a timer or don’t use one with your ADHD child, I super-strongly recommend its implementation. My favorite is the Time Timer, but any household timer will work. When the timer sounds at the end of his 15 minutes, he jumps up, completes his homework log, and then puts the homework folder back in its home on the snack back (with a little prodding and a lot of reminders).

Don’t Make Them Bite Off More Than They can Chew

Homework is designed to prove to a teacher that a child has mastered the subject matter and is sometimes an exercise in repetition for knowledge retention. Every child in the class is given the same homework, regardless of their differences, unless there’s already an IEP or 504 Plan to the contrary. It’s your duty as your child’s advocate and #1 cheerleader to be sure the homework is appropriate for your child. Yes, this is negotiable, either through teamwork with the teacher or through a formal IEP or 504 Plan.

Scaling the amount of homework to your child’s differences and needs is a crucial element in the success of the homework routine. For example, Luke reads for 15 minutes each day while the original 3^rd grade homework structure called for 20 minutes. There was a lot of resistance and inability to finish 20 minutes of reading but 15 minutes is just the right amount for Luke. While he is above grade level in reading, he is allowed to have me read aloud to him if that’s what it takes to get the assignment finished. I have found that he often asks me to read to him just to have time together. I agree, but on the condition that we take turns reading aloud by alternating paragraphs. He usually ends up reading most of it himself anyway, just with me alongside him.

Spelling is also a regular homework task. He has 15 words each week and his teacher suggests a list of activities from which to complete three. We alter these activities to accommodate his handwriting issues. He types all activities which means there are some that don’t apply to him (like writing each word in cursive three times). Sometimes there aren’t three on the list that can be typed so I let him pick from activities he’s done previous weeks.

Also, get creative and tailor homework to the way your child learns. Luke is a visual and tactile learner so we make homework visual and hands-on as much as we can – it was easier to do so in the younger grades. Use dried macaroni for math or even spelling. Does your child love to paint? Let them paint their spelling words or their illustration for their writing assignments. Painting letters is actually a common therapy tool for children that struggle with handwriting. What about play dough? I purchased a box of cookie cutters with all the letters and numbers for play dough play. You could do spelling and math with these. It will take longer but make homework more interesting and fun.

Luke’s teacher is perfectly content with our customization of the homework plan. Since they don’t get a grade on homework in third grade, it’s easy to make this change. Similar alterations can be made for middle school and high school homework too though. For instance, a student should be allowed to complete a percentage of the problems on a math worksheet to show they have mastered the content when the entire assignment will take too long or is overwhelming. Shortening the assignments will reduce their anxiety too, making it easier to work and study in the first place.

Don’t Forget Good Study Habits

Good study habits are even more crucial for children with ADHD and learning disabilities. There are some general ground rules that should always be followed:

1. TV and other distractions must be turned off. However, music in the background actually helps some children focus. It is a distraction for me, but Luke and his sister both do homework better with music on, especially when listening with headphones. Experiment with this and see what is best for your child.

2. Praise and reward often (typically more often than feels natural).

3. Take breaks as needed. Who says you have to finish homework in one sitting? Allow your child to get up and stretch, get a snack, jump on the trampoline, etc. Just don’t allow them any screen time during breaks because you won’t likely get back to the homework amicably.

There is so much more than the few ideas I've covered here, especially for older children. Take a look at these other resources on the subject of homework with ADHD children:

• Family Education, full of amazing homework tips, tricks, helps, templates, checklists, and how to's. Here's the Family Education homework section. They even have a section on ADHD.

• Homework Help! A system that works for ADHD children, AdditudeMag.com article

• ADHD and Homework Time from 4ADHD.com

• Help a child with ADHD do homework

• How to Help Children with ADHD End Homework Hassles

Penny Williams is the creator and editor of {a mom's view of ADHD}, where she writes candidly about the everyday experiences of parenting her young ADHD son. In her immersion in all things ADHD since her son's diagnosis, Penny has published, My ADHD Story: Love Notes, Blah, Blah, Blah!, and Teachers We Love: Learning for All in ADDitude Magazine, the #1 national publication dedicated to ADHD. She has been quoted in Parenting.com's Family Health Guide on ADHD and The High Desert Pulse, Summer/Fall 2010, When Ritalin Works.

Penny Williams from A Mom's view of ADHD and I decided to join forces this month in an attempt to reach more people through our blogs. I believe that many of my readers would find her blog helpful and I also felt that I could offer some insight into the school perspective to her readers. Penny wrote Make Homework Routine a few weeks ago. If you found that helpful, check out her blog full of more strategies! A Mom's View of ADHD is an excellent resource for parents of children with ADHD. It's written from by a parent going through it and provides excellent insight and strategies. I highly recommend it as a place for parents to go to connect and gain support.

Be sure to check out my article, Support for ADHD in the Schools. I discussed the options available for receiving support in the schools for ADHD such as an IEP or a 504 Plan.

As a School Psychologist- I attend numerous Special Education Meetings weekly. There are Child Study Meetings, where we discuss interventions and may decide to complete an evaluation. There are eligibility meetings, where we determine if a student is eligible for special education services. There are IEP meetings where we develop a plan for a student who is eligible for special education. Additionally, there are Manifestation Determination meetings, Functional Behavioral Assessments, Behavior Intervention Plans, and 504 Meetings.

Parents are asked to sign paperwork when services begin, when changes are made, and if services end. Let's not stop there. Parents must sign before any assessments begin. Parents must sign that they attended meetings. Parents sign that they received a copy of special education rights. The reasoning is to protect everyone involved. It gives documentation to show who attended the meetings, shows parental consent for what is outlined in the plan, and documents what has occurred at the meeting.

1. Vote in the poll
It's on the left side of the page. I haven't had many voters yet, but the more I get, the more informative it will be for all of us. I plan to write an article about our responses. It will be hard to do that unless I hear from as many of you as possible. I think about 0.5% of my readers or less have voted so far. I was hoping for 20-30% or more.

2. Sign up for the Monthly Newsletter
Sign up on the right side of the page. It's far from Spam, I don't even get one out every month. Most months I send one email that highlights any new information or articles. It keeps you updated on new articles that may be helpful to you or others. I will never sell or share my email list. If you don't want to keep getting it, you can have your email removed easily.

3. Email me article ideas
I want to know what you are looking for. Sometimes, I have writers block. Sending me your ideas will help me tailor my information to my regular readers.

Thanks

Over the last few years I have been very busy working with teachers to create individualized behavior plans for several different elementary school students. There have been amazingly successful plans where some of the most significant behavior problems in the school have turned it around. Children who made daily trips to the office are only there now to receive praise from the administration. Teachers previously brought to tears from the behaviors have stopped me in the hall to say "Oh my goodness, he's like a different kid!" Students who were close to being sent to a day placement school are now succeeding in a regular classroom. It's very encouraging if I focus on those students. However, there have also been some plans that have been revised and revised and revised and the student is still struggling and the teacher is still severely frustrated. I have been reflecting on why some behavior plans work and others don't. Of course one of the biggest factors is the student. All students are different and the motivation for the misbehavior or lacking skill is different in each student. While this is important to consider, this particular article does not focus on this. I'm going to focus today on the teacher's role in making the behavior plan successful.

• Focus on the Positive!!! The behavior plans that have had the most dramatic success are plans that allow the teacher to focus on the positive. Classroom consequences are still in place, but are not connected to the plan. Here is an example: Johnny's teachers will offer positive reinforcement frequently in the classroom by giving Johnny a “warm fuzzy” pom pom when he is caught engaging in a desired behavior. Johnny will chose the bag to keep the “warm fuzzies” in and carry the bag with him to every class. Once the bag is full, he receives an immediate reward. There is no limit to how many “warm fuzzies” he can earn in a day. He does not loose “warm fuzzies” that he has already earned. All teachers and staff who work with Johnny can give him “warm fuzzies” for his bag. This plan works because Johnny who was used to receiving a lot of negative feedback, is now getting positive attention frequently throughout the day. He receives something tangible (the warm fuzzy) that he can put into his bag. This begins to change his perception of himself, which changes his behavior, which changes his teacher's perception of him, which can potentially change his future. Plans that offer positive rewards completely separate from the classroom consequences seem to have the most significant effects.




• Be Consistent. Teachers who are able to be consistent and are able to follow through every time have the most success with the plan. Oppositional children are excellent at pushing limits to see how far they can push. Consistent teachers have more success because they don't offer the wiggle room.




• Be Flexible. This is not the opposite of being consistent. This is having flexibility in your expectations and stating them upfront. If the student was able to behave like everyone else in the class she would be. She may need some flexibility in some areas. For example you may need to have area for her to work in the classroom for times she needs to cool down and get away from a stimulus. The teacher may need to allow her extra time to finish projects if it is the transition that sets her off. Being flexible and willing to make acceptable changes for the student sets everyone up for success.




• Remember that all students are different. The behaviors may be exactly the same as a student you had two years ago. However, that doesn't mean that the motivation for the behavior or the lacking skills are the same. What works for one student may not work for the next. That is the reason for the individualized plan. I strongly recommend doing a formal Functional Behavioral Assessment and a Behavior Intervention Plan.

Teachers have a HUGE part in making the Behavior Plan sucessful. It is the teacher who has to follow through and implement it consistently every day. It is the teacher who has to push forward even when it appears it isn't working at first. It is the teacher who has a tremendous positive impact on the student when the behavior starts turning around. It is the teacher who does the work to change lives!

Stay connected with School Psychologist Files by joining the School Psychologist Files Facebook Page.  You can be one of the first to know about new articles on the School Psychologist Files website such as the brand new FAQ Parents ask about the IEP that I finished this weekend. 

Dedicated to the lady at Walmart with the screaming kid and all of us "good parents" who have been that lady at Walmart.

One of the most difficult behaviors for parents or teachers to address is explosive behavior, a child who has little control over emotions and "melts down" in the classroom or at home.  It is frustrating, it is embarrassing, it is anxiety producing, it causes intense emotions in ourselves.  Parents agonize over why it happens or what they did wrong?  Often the parents are blamed or judged by bystanders in stores, family members, friends, or school staff.  However, I have seen parents with a variety of parenting styles have kids with poor emotional control, including those who are strict, those who are quick to give in, those who spank, those who use time out, those who take away privileges, and a whole lot of parents who feel like they have tried everything.  I know children with very little emotional control from homes that are falling apart, from homes that are loving and supportive, from poor families, from affluent families, from parents who have no clue how to parent, from parents with excellent skills, even from School Psychologists.  This is not to say that parenting styles do not have a role in this, but there IS more to it.  We have to stop judging each other and get to the root of the problem.  

What is the Root of the Problem?

The problem, the reason some children "explode" or act out with little emotional control, is because he or she is lacking a skill.  Emotional control is a skill.  Most kids will learn this skill through consistent discipline strategies, but some do not. 

Another way to look at it.

We don't tell our kids how to read and then expect them to do it.  We show them step by step.  Some kids will pick it up easy, others will need to be taught and retaught and retaught and will need extensive help in doing so.  Do we blame ourselves?  Do we look at our friends judgementally and think to ourselves "look at the book she is using, it's all wrong?"  No, we assume the child has a problem learning to read and we find a way to teach him.  WE HAVE TO START LOOKING AT BEHAVIOR IN THE SAME WAY.  When a child is exploding, the first step should not be to label the child or blame the parent.  Lets start looking for the skill that is lacking.  When we find that skill, lets teach it.

It's NOT always a control issue.  Sometimes kids act out because they have not been taught to obey and respect authority, but sometimes they act out in spite of good training at home.  The explosions lead to self esteem problems in the child and the child feeling like a "bad kid," which in turn makes explosions bigger and more frequent.  Have you ever looked at a screaming child and demanded he control himself right now or "act your age."  It's a common thing to do.  Have you ever looked at a child with a Learning Disability and said "read on your grade level, now!" or "I have told you and told you how to read, why aren't you reading?"  Of course you haven't.  We work with the reader at his level and patiently try different strategies to improve reading.  We can't demand them to be good readers and we can't demand that a child who does not have the skills to control his emotions "act his age."  These explosive kids need skills and truth be told, we who work with these kids need skills. 

If you are a parent with a child who acts "out of control" stop blaming yourself.  It isn't necessarily because you spanked or didn't spank or were too strict or too lenient.  Your child is lacking the skills she needs to control her emotions.  Also, realize you are going to need to learn new skills to help your child learn the lacking skills.  You are no longer in the Parenting 101 class, you need to move on to the Advanced skill- teaching parenting class. 

The BEST book I have read on this topic is The Explosive Child by Ross Greene.  He addresses the skills these children might be lacking and he has great strategies to address the issue. (see Amazon link below)

If you are a teacher and have an "explosive child" in your class, rethink your perspective of the student.  The child needs to learn skills, so lets focus on teaching the skills and being patient with the children who are slower to learn emotional control.  We as school staff can not make excuses or blame the parents.  We have to reach the child at her level.  We teach a child to read at her level.  We must teach a child to control emotions at her level as well. 

Challenge for Everyone
Let us stop labeling these kids with emotional skill deficits as "bad kids" and stop judging the parents.  Let's be honest with ourselves and recognize we all have shortcomings and could use skills in certain areas.  Maybe our kids need skills in emotional control, maybe we do, maybe we need skills in teaching emotional control, or maybe we need skills in some other area all together.  Let's be patient with our children and our peers and ourselves. Let's stop criticizing ourselves and others and start learning and teaching new skills.   We don't live in a world with bad kids, we live in a world will kids who need skills, so let's teach.

I spend most days of my life working with various students who are at different parts in the sped referral process. I attend Child Study Meetings where we decide if we are going to evaluate a student. I observe and screen children and talk with parents and teachers to help the committee make a good decision about whether we should do a special education evaluation.   I evaluate those students (this includes Psychological testing, observations, talking with student/teacher/parent, doing rating scales, etc.). I attend eligibility meetings where we determine if the student is eligible for for special education services. All of this is second nature to me and sometimes I need to stop and remember when a parent comes in, that this is NEW.

When I talk to parents, I find that many parents do not fully understand the special education referral process, even when they nod and act like they do. We as school staff need to do a better job of helping the parents understand the process. Parents also need to speak up and ask questions when there is not understanding.

This is a guide for parents to understand the process of special education testing, the testing components, and some of the test data. It is important to note that schools systems and states will vary to some degree. If you have any questions about the process in your school system, ask your school psychologist, teacher, or principal. Parents have every right to ask questions and usually school personnel are happy to help make this process less anxiety-provoking for you. It is important for parents to understand their rights during the special education process.


Special Education Process

After data shows that interventions have been attempted and if a student is suspected of having a disability, a referral is made to evaluate him or her for special education testing. Once the parents sign the Permission for Testing Forms, timelines begin and the schools have 65 business days to complete the assessments and hold the eligibility meeting. Some states may have a different timeline.

During these 65 days, several testing components will be completed with you and your child. The evaluators will write reports and a copy will be given to parents at the eligibility meeting. However, schools are required to have a copy available for parents to pick up two days before the eligibility meeting. It is advised, that parents take advantage of this and read reports before the meeting to help get familiar with the information and to formulate questions. The reports hold a lot of information that can be overwhelming if you are not familiar with this type of testing. Read Understanding Test Scores to understand the types of tests used and what the scores mean.

Additionally, the meeting is likely to bring forth strong emotions as your child’s difficulties are discussed openly. It can be overwhelming for parents, especially when not prepared. When parents do not read the reports prior to the eligibility meeting, they are the only people at the table who come to the meeting not knowing what to expect.


What if My Child is Found ELIGIBLE for Special Education Services?

Once a child is eligible for special education services, the schools have 30 days to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for the student. This will consist of accommodations, goals, and describe the services offered. Parents are part of a committee to help create this document. Once it is signed, schools are legally required to follow it. It is reviewed once a year, unless parents or teachers feel that changes are necessary. Every three years, the committee will determine if the student should be reevaluated. This is called a triennial evaluation. Sometimes another full evaluation will be conducted, other times a review of records and updated teacher information is used.


What if My Child is Found INELIGIBLE for Special Education Services?

If your child was found ineligible for special education services and you agree with the eligibility findings, then your child will not receive special education. He or she was evaluated because of a problem that still needs to be addressed within regular education. Ask for a separate meeting with your teacher or a team to determine what accommodations or strategies can be used to help.

If you believe that your child requires special education services and has a disability, but was found ineligible for services, make an appointment to meet with the special education director. If an agreement cannot be reached, you may be able to have an Independent Evaluation at the expense of the school. The results of that testing will be brought back to an eligibility meeting. A child MUST have 2 things before they can receive special education services: They must have a disability and there must be a documented educational impact that the student requires special education services to be successful.

Our senses help us understand and navigate our world. They help us feel, see, taste, etc. When one or more of those processes is more or less sensitive to world, life feels different to that person. It is hard to understand what it feels like to have sensory differences unless you have sensory differences. It’s easy to tell someone to ignore a noise that doesn’t seem excessively annoying to you. It’s hard to understand when someone has an intense need for pressure unless you have a similar need. Having these sensory differences can be anxiety producing and stressful. In a classroom, it can make that person less attentive or have a more difficult time sitting still. Kids don’t always have the words or understanding to express what they are feeling. As a result, children who have sensory processing issues are often misunderstood. Sensory issues are often associated with children who have an Autism Spectrum Disorder. There is also an association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and sensory issues. Many times a child will have sensory issues and not have any other disability. Those children may have Sensory Processing disorder, which is a neurological disorder that makes processing and responding to sensory information more difficult. A person with Sensory Processing Disorder may be more or less sensitive than most people to any or all of the senses. Sensory Processing Disorder is not yet widely understood by the majority of people. Most people have an idea about what Autism is or ADHD, but people often do not know about Sensory Processing Disorder. Many school professionals have not learned about it and do not understand it. Many parents have never heard of it. If you have any concerns that your child may have difficulty with sensory processing, I strongly recommend The Out-of-Sync Child: Recognizing and Coping with Sensory Processing Disorder, Revised Edition This book was explains the various types of sensory processing and helps parents to understand what their child may be feeling. It is transformative for a parent to finally understand what is going on with their child. Strategies for the Classroom:

 Often making small changes to the environment can help a child regulate his own body and focus in the classroom. A seating disk fits on a chair and is filled with air. It allows a child to wiggle in his seat, without moving around and causing a distraction. The bumps and the movement can provide the sensory input needed to help a child focus better. The ball chair also allows movement and is good for low tone as well. Weighted lap pads help provide proprioceptive input that helps establish increased body awareness, improves attention span and concentration, and has calming benefits.   Strategies for home: Trampolines provide deep pressure. Also, it is great exercise. For some children, when they start having difficulty regulating his or her body, jumping on the trampoline helps provide the needed pressure and will calm the body after a few minutes. The Body Sock is made of tight material that pushes back against the child's movement. This can help children with coordination and spatial positioning.

 Disclaimer: I am not an Occupational Therapist and am not an expert in this area. I am writing this article to raise awareness in sensory issues that can have a huge impact in the classroom and within a family. Sometimes, minor accommodations can make significant improvements in the life of a child, which I have witnessed firsthand. I encourage any parents who think his or her child may have a sensory issue to seek help through an Occupational Therapist. In most cases, this will fall outside of Special Education and schools, unless the sensory issues are associated with a disability, such as Autism. Some schools are more proactive than others and have more Occupational Therapy support than others. Because OT services are not mandated outside of an IEP or 504 Plan, many schools will not be equipped to help you with this. It is recommended that you seek support through an OT, who can provide individual strategies to use in the classroom and at home.

Do you wonder if your child might have ADHD?

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As the numbers of Central American migrants crossing into Mexico and the United States rises—putting migration front and center in the U.S.-Mexico relationship again—this event examines the opportunities for cooperation between the two countries, along with ways to improve U.S. and Mexican asylum systems, create new approaches to labor migration, address smuggling networks, and modernize border management.

With the U.S. administration calling for the United States to adopt a more “merit-based” immigrant selection system, this conversation focused on what policymakers should consider in designing—and managing—immigrant selection systems in a time of intense labor-market and demographic change.

With the Trump administration having announced the end of the DACA program, Congress is facing growing calls to protect unauthorized immigrants who came to the U.S. as children. This fact sheet examines DREAM Act bills introduced in Congress as of mid-2017, offering estimates of who might earn conditional legal status—and ultimately legal permanent residence—based on educational, professional, and other requirements in the legislation.

2017 saw the introduction of several bills—two of them by Senate Republicans in the weeks following the Trump administration’s announcement that it would terminate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program—that would provide a pathway to conditional and then legal permanent residence to unauthorized immigrants brought to the United States as children, if they meet a range of educational, professional, and other criteria.

An average of 915 DACA recipients every day will lose their work authorization and protection from deportation once the phaseout of the program moves into full force in spring 2018, MPI estimates. This fact sheet also offers U.S. and state estimates of the school enrollment and educational attainment, workforce participation, and industries and occupations of employment for the nearly 690,000 current DACA holders.

Rising numbers of young immigrants and refugees entering European schools following the 2015–16 migration crisis strained system capacity and injected new urgency into debates about how to support diverse learners and their families. This report examines the challenges facing European education systems and identifies key lessons to improve migrant inclusion in schools and integration more broadly.

On paper, the Diversity Visa Program is not set up to bring in the highly skilled; applicants need only a high school diploma (or equivalent) or two years of mid-level work experience. Yet as this commentary explains, the green-card lottery has become a channel for entry of the highly skilled—with half of recipients coming to the United States in recent years having a college degree.

This useful online guide links users directly to the most credible, high-quality data on immigrants and immigration in the United States and internationally. The easy-to-use guide includes more than 220 data resources compiled by governmental and nongovernmental sources, covering topics ranging from population stock and flow numbers to statistics on enforcement, public opinion, religious affiliation, and much more.

The United States has long been the top choice for international students from around the world, hosting about 1.1 million foreign students in higher education institutions in 2016-17. However, U.S. enrollment has slowed in recent years due to several factors. This article offers a data snapshot of the population of international students in the United States.

This Migration Policy Institute Europe webinar examines possible scenarios for how social, economic, and technological trends could affect jobs, labor market policy, education and social policies, and migrant integration. Speakers also explored the potential of coding schools for refugees to help alleviate skills shortages and provide a pathway to work.

This fact sheet and accompanying interactive data tools provide characteristics of the estimated 11.3 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States, using a unique MPI methodology that assigns legal status to U.S. Census Bureau data. The fact sheet and tools offer statistics on these immigrants’ origins, U.S. destinations, educational attainment, English proficiency, employment, income, home ownership, and more.

Immigrant arrivals to the United States and the makeup of the foreign-born population have been changing in significant ways: Recent immigrants are more likely to be from Asia than from Mexico and the overall immigrant population is growing at a slower rate than before the 2008-09 recession. This useful article collects in one place some of the most sought-after statistics on immigrants in the United States.

Mexicans migrate to Canada in much smaller numbers than to the United States, yet over the last 30 years the country has become an increasingly attractive destination. Canada prioritizes highly skilled, educated Mexicans for permanent residency, but also attracts temporary workers from Mexico. This article examines Mexican migration to Canada and how it has been shaped by visa requirements, trade policy, and more.

A federal court on Thursday denied a motion to block an Arkansas directive preventing patients from receiving abortion care.

More than two months after Ahmaud Arbery was fatally shot while jogging near Brunswick, Georgia police arrested two men for the shooting, authorities said.

Authorities have charged a fourth person connected to the shooting death of a Flint, Mich., security guard who was killed after confronting a customer who entered a store without a state-mandated facemask.

Asian baseball, Grimes' baby, scary invasive insects -- how well did you follow the news this week? Take the UPI News Quiz for May 8, 2020.

As the population of gray wolves expands across the northern United States, researchers are finding a surprising side-effect: Their presence appears to lead to a reduction in the coyote population.

The Trump administration failed to conduct effective screening of passengers from South Korea and Italy for the coronavirus when those countries were experiencing rapid expansion in COVID-19 cases.

The United States economy shed more than 20 million jobs last month, the greatest month-to-month decline in history, the Labor Department said Friday in its monthly employment analysis.

California, Iowa, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island are among states that are loosening coronavirus restrictions Friday to gradually revive their economies.

More than 4 million American homeowners are past due on their mortgage, a figure that's been fueled by the coronavirus pandemic, industry data showed Friday.

Cleveland police say they have used DNA research to solve the 33-year-old strangling of a teenage girl, and arrest her killer.

The Supreme Court on Friday granted a Justice Department request to temporarily block release of secret grand jury material from special counsel Robert Mueller's probe to Congress.

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemic is spreading across the United States. People are discouraged (even banned in some places) from large gatherings, public spaces are closed, store shelves are empty, with long lines in grocery stores, and travel is limited. Here are some scenes from across America.

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