The effect of the size and mix of public spending on growth and inequality

Following the first meeting of the Inclusive Framework on BEPS in Japan, on 30 June-1 July, and recent regional meetings, more countries and jurisdictions are joining the framework. The Inclusive Framework on BEPS welcomed Macau (China), Mauritius and Ukraine bringing to 90 the total number of countries and jurisdictions participating on an equal footing in the Project.

The Platform for Collaboration on Tax (PCT) – a joint initiative of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations (UN) and World Bank Group – has published a toolkit to provide practical guidance to developing countries to better protect their tax bases.

The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines provide guidance on the application of the “arm’s length principle”, which represents the international consensus on the valuation, for income tax purposes, of cross-border transactions between associated enterprises.

Countries have continued the trend towards implementing tax policy reforms as part of wider strategies to boost growth, with a growing focus on reducing inequalities and driving behavioural change, according to a new report from the OECD.

This paper examines the role of businesses in the tax system. In addition to being taxed directly, businesses act as withholding agents and remitters of tax on behalf of others. Yet the share of tax revenue that businesses remit to governments outside of direct tax liabilities is under-studied.

The visit launched a joint induction programme to assist Ukraine in the implementation of the new international standards, namely the BEPS package, and the standards for exchange of information on request and for the automatic exchange of financial account information (the “Common Reporting Standard”).

The OECD and Brazil today launched a joint project to examine the similarities and gaps between the Brazilian and OECD approaches to valuing cross-border transactions between associated firms for tax purposes. The project will also assess the potential for Brazil to move closer to the OECD’s transfer pricing rules, which are a critical benchmark for OECD member countries and followed by countries around the world.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (the Global Forum) published today nine peer review reports assessing compliance with international standards on tax transparency.

Public comments are invited on the future revision of Chapter IV, “Administrative Approaches to Avoiding and Resolving Transfer Pricing Disputes” of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines, and the future revision of Chapter VII, “Special Considerations for Intra-Group Services”, of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines.

Public comments received on the scope of the future revisions of Chapter IV (Administrative Approaches) and Chapter VII (Intra-group services) of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines

Today, Ukraine signed the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the Convention). Ukraine becomes the 83rd jurisdiction to join the Convention, which will update the existing network of bilateral tax treaties to reduce opportunities for tax avoidance by multinational enterprises.

The OECD and Papua New Guinea's Internal Revenue Commission agreed today to gear up efforts to tackle tax base erosion and profit shifting by multinational enterprises in Papua New Guinea, through participation in the OECD/UNDP Tax Inspectors Without Borders initiative.

Meeting in Melbourne, Australia on 20-22 March 2019, around 300 participants attending the Global Forum on VAT, welcomed measures proposed in a new report by the OECD on The Role of Digital Platforms in the Collection of VAT/GST on Online Sales. The report includes new measures to make e-commerce marketplaces liable for the VAT/GST on sales made by online traders through their platforms.

Income tax and social security contributions declined slightly for the average worker across the OECD in 2018, driven by major reforms in a handful of countries, according to a new OECD report.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes published today nine peer review reports assessing compliance with the international standard on transparency and exchange of information on request.

Guinea, Namibia and Honduras have joined the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, announcing their commitment to implement both the international standard of exchange of information on request and the standard on automatic exchange of financial account information.

Tax Morale: What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax? assesses the various drivers behind voluntary compliance with tax obligations, particularly in developing countries where issues of governance are more acute.

A regional meeting on tax and digitalisation for Asia and the Pacific , co-hosted by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), took place in Manila, the Philippines on 19-20 November 2019.

The OECD Forum on Tax Administration (FTA), in collaboration with the Intra-European Organisation of Tax Administrations (IOTA) and the Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations (CIAT), has today published a reference document on critical business continuity considerations for tax administrations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tax and fiscal policy responses are playing a critical role in limiting the hardship caused by containment measures, and should continue to do so as governments seek to support households and businesses, protect employment and pursue economic recovery from the global pandemic, according to new OECD analysis.

Labour taxes on the average worker across OECD countries continued to decline for the sixth consecutive year in 2019, according to a new OECD report.

Exports (Bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Motor Vehicle Parts in Canada decreased to 1346.60 CAD Million in March from 1897.40 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Motor Ve in Canada averaged 1566.72 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2450.40 CAD Million in June of 2000 and a record low of 651.40 CAD Million in March of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Moto.

Exports (Bop) - Industrial Machinery, Equipment And Parts in Canada decreased to 3216.10 CAD Million in March from 3433.70 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Industrial Machinery, Equipment An in Canada averaged 1857.42 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3544.10 CAD Million in August of 2019 and a record low of 469 CAD Million in January of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Industrial Machinery, Equipmen.

Exports (Bop) - Logging, Mining&Construction Machinery&Equipment in Canada decreased to 161.90 CAD Million in March from 182.40 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Logging, Mining&Construction Machi in Canada averaged 110.67 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 200 CAD Million in June of 2018 and a record low of 26 CAD Million in January of 1992. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Logging, Mining&construction M.

Exports (Bop) - Metal And Non-Metallic Mineral Products in Canada increased to 5374.80 CAD Million in March from 5284 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Metal And Non-Metallic Mineral Pro in Canada averaged 3283.02 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6251.60 CAD Million in November of 2019 and a record low of 1243.70 CAD Million in January of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Metal And Non-metallic Mineral.

Exports (Bop) - Metal Ores And Non-Metallic Minerals in Canada decreased to 1618.90 CAD Million in March from 1735.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Metal Ores And Non-Metallic Minera in Canada averaged 905.38 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2131.50 CAD Million in May of 2019 and a record low of 276 CAD Million in January of 1994. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Metal Ores And Non-metallic Mi.

Exports of (bop) - Metalworking Machinery in Canada increased to 27.50 CAD Million in March from 21.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Metalworking Machinery in Canada averaged 27.46 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 63.10 CAD Million in October of 1997 and a record low of 4.40 CAD Million in July of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Metalworking Machinery.

Exports (Bop) - Commercial And Service Industry Machinery in Canada decreased to 289.80 CAD Million in March from 378.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Commercial And Service Industry Ma in Canada averaged 178.65 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 438.80 CAD Million in March of 2001 and a record low of 38 CAD Million in December of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Commercial And Service Industr.

Exports (Bop) - Agricultural, Lawn&Garden Machinery&Equipment in Canada increased to 123.10 CAD Million in March from 115.60 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Agricultural, Lawn&Garden Machiner in Canada averaged 90.02 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 173.60 CAD Million in November of 1997 and a record low of 42.20 CAD Million in October of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Agricultural, Lawn&garden Mach.

Exports (Bop) - Aircraft, Aircraft Engines And Aircraft Parts in Canada decreased to 1842.40 CAD Million in March from 2391.90 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Aircraft, Aircraft Engines And Air in Canada averaged 1078.85 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2391.90 CAD Million in February of 2020 and a record low of 172.30 CAD Million in July of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Aircraft, Aircraft Engines And.

Exports (Bop) - Aircraft Engines And Aircraft Parts in Canada decreased to 1139.30 CAD Million in March from 1171.90 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Aircraft Engines And Aircraft Part in Canada averaged 563.76 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1327.20 CAD Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 169.90 CAD Million in May of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Aircraft Engines And Aircraft.

Imports (Bop) - Tires, Motor Vehicle Engines&Motor Vehicle Parts in Canada decreased to 3083.40 CAD Million in March from 3915.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports (Bop) - Tires, Motor Vehicle Engines&Motor in Canada averaged 3016.18 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4745.60 CAD Million in May of 2017 and a record low of 1125.60 CAD Million in January of 1990. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Tires, Motor Vehicle Engines&m.

Imports (Bop) - Stone, Sand, Gravel, Clay,&Refractory Minerals in Canada increased to 55.10 CAD Million in March from 51.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports (Bop) - Stone, Sand, Gravel, Clay,&Refract in Canada averaged 33.84 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 72.90 CAD Million in July of 2018 and a record low of 12.20 CAD Million in December of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Stone, Sand, Gravel, Clay,&ref.

Imports of (bop) - Refined Petroleum Energy Produ in Canada increased to 958.80 CAD Million in March from 910.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports of (bop) - Refined Petroleum Energy Produ in Canada averaged 429.30 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1651.50 CAD Million in May of 2018 and a record low of 32.80 CAD Million in February of 1992. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Refined Petroleum Energy Produ.

Imports of (bop) - Non-metallic Minerals in Canada increased to 97.60 CAD Million in March from 89.70 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports of (bop) - Non-metallic Minerals in Canada averaged 54.17 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 141.50 CAD Million in July of 2018 and a record low of 20.90 CAD Million in January of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Non-metallic Minerals.

Imports of (bop) - Non-metallic Mineral Products in Canada decreased to 444 CAD Million in March from 453.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports of (bop) - Non-metallic Mineral Products in Canada averaged 354.88 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 598.40 CAD Million in January of 2016 and a record low of 148.80 CAD Million in April of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Non-metallic Mineral Products.

Imports (Bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Motor Vehicle Parts in Canada decreased to 2750.50 CAD Million in March from 3589 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports (Bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Motor Ve in Canada averaged 2812.70 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4395.60 CAD Million in May of 2017 and a record low of 1053 CAD Million in January of 1990. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Moto.

Imports of (bop) - Metalworking Machinery in Canada decreased to 102.50 CAD Million in March from 123.70 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports of (bop) - Metalworking Machinery in Canada averaged 85.39 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 167.80 CAD Million in September of 1999 and a record low of 26.30 CAD Million in September of 1992. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Metalworking Machinery.

Imports (Bop) - Metal Ores And Non-Metallic Minerals in Canada decreased to 1046.70 CAD Million in March from 1050.60 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports (Bop) - Metal Ores And Non-Metallic Minera in Canada averaged 537.17 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1411.10 CAD Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 118.90 CAD Million in February of 1992. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Metal Ores And Non-metallic Mi.

Imports (Bop) - Metal And Non-Metallic Mineral Products in Canada decreased to 3212.80 CAD Million in March from 3264.90 CAD Million in February of 2020. Imports (Bop) - Metal And Non-Metallic Mineral Pro in Canada averaged 2391.13 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4422.90 CAD Million in August of 2014 and a record low of 752.40 CAD Million in December of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Imports of (bop) - Metal And Non-metallic Mineral.

Imports - Civilian Aircraft, Engines & Parts (Census Basis) in the United States decreased to 4585.50 USD Million in March from 4675.21 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports - Civilian Aircraft, Engines & Parts (Cens in the United States averaged 2490.72 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6159.71 USD Million in February of 2019 and a record low of 556.58 USD Million in January of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United States Imports of Civilian Aircraft, Engines & Parts.

Weapons Sales in Ukraine decreased to 224 USD Million in 2018 from 293 USD Million in 2017. Weapons Sales in Ukraine averaged 443.19 USD Million from 1992 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1498 USD Million in 2012 and a record low of 82 USD Million in 1993. Weapons Sales are presented as a Trend-Indicator Value based on the known unit production costs of a core set of weapons such as aircraft, air defence systems, anti-submarine warfare weapons, armoured vehicles, artillery, engines, missiles, sensors, satellites, ships and others. The indicator aims to represent the transfer value of military resources rather than the financial value of the transfer.

Business Inventories in Australia increased 0.30 percent in December of 2019 over the previous month. Business Inventories in Australia averaged 0.51 percent from 1985 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 2.90 percent in the first quarter of 1999 and a record low of -2.80 percent in the third quarter of 1986. Business Inventories in Australia measure the quarterly percentage changes in inventories from manufacturers, retailers, and wholesalers. Inventories are a key component of gross domestic product. . This page provides - Australia Business Inventories- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Business Inventories in the United States decreased 0.40 percent in February of 2020 over the previous month. Business Inventories in the United States averaged 0.27 percent from 1992 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1.30 percent in May of 1994 and a record low of -2 percent in December of 2008. Business Inventories in the United States measure the monthly percentage changes in inventories from manufacturers, retailers, and wholesalers. Inventories are a key component of gross domestic product. This page provides - United States Business Inventories - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Gambia is ranked 155 among 190 economies in the ease of doing business, according to the latest World Bank annual ratings. The rank of Gambia deteriorated to 155 in 2019 from 149 in 2018. Ease of Doing Business in Gambia averaged 146.83 from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 155 in 2019 and a record low of 135 in 2008. The Ease of doing business index ranks countries against each other based on how the regulatory environment is conducive to business operationstronger protections of property rights. Economies with a high rank (1 to 20) have simpler and more friendly regulations for businesses. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ease of Doing Business in Gambia.

Burundi is ranked 166 among 190 economies in the ease of doing business, according to the latest World Bank annual ratings. The rank of Burundi improved to 166 in 2019 from 168 in 2018. Ease of Doing Business in Burundi averaged 163.08 from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 177 in 2008 and a record low of 140 in 2013. The Ease of doing business index ranks countries against each other based on how the regulatory environment is conducive to business operationstronger protections of property rights. Economies with a high rank (1 to 20) have simpler and more friendly regulations for businesses. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ease of Doing Business in Burundi.

The 2011 annual report on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises focuses on adhering countries' committment to new, stronger standards of corporate behaviour in the updated OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) requesting loans between 2007 and 2010 faced higher interest rates than for large companies. Loan conditions for SMEs included shortened maturities and increased demands for collateral, suggesting that banks considered smaller firms to be a higher risk.

Colombia and Mexico are a step closer to beneffiting from cross border tax co-operation and information sharing. Colombia has signed, and Mexico has deposited its instrument of ratification for the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters.