This SOLIDWORKS tutorial is for a Wooden Canvas Teepee, the tutorial focuses on the use of Circular Patterns of part bodies and the use of 3D sketch for extrusions between guide points, and profile sweeps along a path. This is a fun tutorial that if you follow, you can create you own Teepee model, and apply a range of designs to with decals. The decal swatches seen in the video are available to download in the description below.

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Child Reference State One of my favorite new features in SOLIDWORKS PDM Professional 2020 is the Child Reference State condition in Workflow Transitions. I can’t tell you how many times as a PDM administrator I had wished for a feature

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There is no end in sight to the hardships faced by the majority of Zimbabweans. Political uncertainty and economic insecurity have worsened as the country struggles to develop the necessary foundation to underwrite a broad-based and sustainable recovery.

OBJECTIVES:

Reduce postoperative hypothermia by up to 50% over a 12-month period in children’s hospital NICUs and identify specific clinical practices that impact success.

Chronic sleep deprivation is a common, treatable condition among adolescents. Growing literature supports a myriad consequences that impact overall health, behavior, mood, and academic performance in this vulnerable age group during a time when there are rapid changes in physical development and emotional regulation. This article reviews the epidemiology and health effects of sleep deprivation in adolescents as well as common disorders leading to sleep loss and evidence to support treatment. Although a variety of important sleep disorders may disrupt quality of sleep in adolescents, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy, this article will focus on common disorders that affect the quantity of sleep, such as poor sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia.

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SA faces its gravest test in over 70 years, to rebuild an economy that was already in a protracted slump after the ravages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, one could be forgiven for believing there's a wedge between the state's main actors tasked with the job of resurrecting a country that may see its jobless rate rise as high as 50%.

IRAQ’S prime ministerial merry-go-round continues to spin apace. Spy chief Mustafa al-Kadhimi, director of the country’s National Intelligence Service, is now the third prime minister designate this year, following the withdrawal of the two previous prospective candidates.

An OM worker and local team of believers visit indigenous Cabecar communities in the mountains of Talamanca, Costa Rica.

WHEN we eventually emerge from lockdown the first thing most people will want to do is hug their nearest and dearest, but for some they will be running to their hair stylist to sort out the unruly mass of top of their head.

Farmfoods, a Scottish family business, has served the nation for over 60 years - and has never faltered in selling the finest farm  produce the country has to offer.

"If we are serious about planting churches among the least reached as how we do mission, we must always be willing to question, reconsider and reform our paradigms," says Shaun Rossi.

The latest UEFA KISS workshop on the further development of women's football looked at ways of improving clubs' infrastructures as well as bolstering the foundations of the game.

If you can't see elderly parents, or friends with medical conditions, what can you do to keep in touch? You can send a letter, of course, or make a landline phone call, but video calls allow you to speak and see each other.

New data tools allow users to see how public schools fall short when it comes to providing all students the resources they need to meet their highest potential.

MSPs have penned a letter to the head of the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) - highlighting “deep unease” by teachers at plans to overhaul exams amid the lockdown.

Dig into what two leading Democratic presidential candidates have to say in their platforms about charter schools with Education Week's detailed analysis.

Few districts have done as much as Wake County, N.C., to keep schools racially and socioeconomically diverse, but’s it’s a battle the school board says it has been losing. Can it reverse the trend?

New data tools allow users to see how public schools fall short when it comes to providing all students the resources they need to meet their highest potential.

It’s not that I would be without the pyramids. Nor do I think that the Taj Mahal is a waste of good stone. These tombs, monuments to the departed are treasures beyond price. But can you name the pharaohs or the Mughal empress whose death they mark? No, nor can I without the help of Google.

Dig into what two leading Democratic presidential candidates have to say in their platforms about charter schools with Education Week's detailed analysis.

Associations between short sleep duration, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction have been proposed for children but have not been explored appropriately.

The main findings included a nonlinear trend between sleep duration and body weight and the finding that children's sleep averaged 8 hours per night regardless of body weight. Lower sleep duration values were strongly associated with increased metabolic risk. (Read the full article)

Blood pressure and heart rate are altered by sleep state and postnatal age in healthy term and preterm infants. Preterm infants have altered blood pressure responses to head-up tilting during sleep.

Preterm birth has marked effects on the maturation of baroreflex sensitivity during sleep, which may contribute to the greater vulnerability of preterm infants to sudden infant death syndrome. (Read the full article)

Sleep problems are common during childhood, but screening for sleep problems in the clinic setting is often cursory. Moreover, there are few longitudinal studies examining the prevalence and persistence of sleep problems in young children.

Patterns of sleep problems vary across early development, but sleep problems arising in infancy persist in 21% of children through 36 months of age. Parent response to a nonspecific query about sleep problems may overlook relevant sleep symptoms and behaviors. (Read the full article)

Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with neurobehavioral morbidity in children. Prior related research has generally been cross-sectional or short (ie, 1–2 years) follow-up studies of a single symptom (ie, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, mouth breathing), with limited control for confounders.

Sleep-disordered breathing was assessed as a trajectory of combined symptoms from 6 months to 69 months, in more than 11 000 children. Sleep-disordered breathing was associated with 40% and 60% more behavioral difficulties at 4 and 7 years, respectively. (Read the full article)

Prone sleep, bed-sharing, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and prematurity increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The sudden infant death syndrome rate initially declined dramatically after the initiation of the US Back-to-Sleep campaign in 1994, but subsequently plateaued.

The risk profile has changed since the Back-to-Sleep campaign; the prevalence of simultaneous risks has remained consistent. Intrinsic and extrinsic risks provide unification into 1 underlying triple-risk model and insights into potential underlying mechanisms. (Read the full article)

Twin studies provide a natural experiment that can determine the extent of genetic and environmental influences on sleep behavior. Previous studies have indicated that genes contribute moderately to sleep.

In the largest pediatric study to date, we demonstrate that the shared environment strongly influences sleep behavior in infants, with no gender differences in the results. This research provides strong impetus to future work identifying the key modifiable environmental drivers. (Read the full article)

Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are usually treated by surgical removal of their upper airway lymphadenoid tissue. Recently, medications were offered to patients with nonsevere OSA. Montelukast, for this indication, had never been studied in a randomized controlled manner.

Montelukast effectively reduced polysomnographic findings, symptoms, and the size of the adenoidal tissue in children with nonsevere OSA. The findings support the potential of a leukotriene modifier as a novel, safe, noninvasive alternative for children with mild to moderate OSA. (Read the full article)

Honey is recommended as a cough medication by the World Health Organization. To date, the efficacy of this treatment has been shown in 2 studies: one tested only buckwheat honey and the other study was not blinded.

In a randomized controlled trial, we compared 3 types of honey versus placebo as a treatment of upper respiratory tract infection–associated cough. These types of honey were superior to placebo in alleviating cough. (Read the full article)

Although observational studies have consistently reported an association between media use and child sleep problems, it is unclear whether the relationship is causal or if an intervention targeting healthy media use can improve sleep in preschool-aged children.

This study demonstrates that a healthy media use intervention can improve child sleep outcomes and adds evidence that the relationship between media and sleep in preschool-aged children is indeed causal in nature. (Read the full article)

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and behavioral sleep problems (BSPs) affect cognitive, behavioral, and language development. No studies have examined associations between SDB and BSPs across early childhood, and later special education need (SEN), on a population basis.

A history of SDB through 5 years of age was associated with ~40% increased odds of SEN at 8 years, among >11 000 children. BSPs were associated with 7% increased odds of SEN, for each additional ~12 months of reported BSPs. (Read the full article)

Behavioral techniques effectively reduce infant sleep problems and associated maternal depression in the short- to medium-term (4–16 months’ postintervention). Despite their effectiveness, theoretical concerns persist about long-term harm on children’s emotional development, stress regulation, mental health, and the child-parent relationship.

Behavioral sleep techniques did not cause long-lasting harms or benefits to child, child-parent, or maternal outcomes. Parents and health professionals can feel comfortable about using these techniques to reduce the population burden of infant sleep problems and maternal depression. (Read the full article)

Some epidemiologic evidence suggests an inverse association between sleep duration and obesity in various age groups. However, in the case of adolescents, inconsistent results have been reported, which can be partly explained by methodologic options.

Our study supports an effect of sleep duration in adiposity during adolescence and found gender differences in this association. The results are consistent by using either the traditional longitudinal approach or cross-lagged modeling. (Read the full article)

Healthy sleep is essential for supporting alertness and other key functional domains required for academic success. Research involving the impact of modest changes in sleep duration on children’s day-to-day behavior in school is limited.

This study shows that modest changes in sleep duration have significant impact on the behavior of typically developing children in school. Modest sleep extension resulted in detectable improvement in behavior, whereas modest sleep restriction had the opposite effect. (Read the full article)

Presleep activities (eg, television watching) have been implicated in the declining sleep duration of young people. However, previous research reported on selected presleep activities, raising the possibility that important activities in this period are not accounted for.

This is the first study in youth to construct the presleep period by using a use-of-time approach. Twin trajectories of higher screen time and lower nonscreen sedentary time/self-care were evident in late sleepers, with the opposite pattern occurring in early sleepers. (Read the full article)

Short sleep may be an adolescent obesity risk factor, but most evidence is from cross-sectional studies. Three longitudinal studies have investigated the association between sleep duration and adolescent obesity, finding mixed results.

Shorter sleep was associated with increases in BMI from age 14 to 18, especially at the upper tail of the BMI distribution. Increasing daily sleep to 10 hours per day could help to prevent adolescent obesity. (Read the full article)

Recorded music, parent voices, and sung lullabies have been shown to increase oxygen saturation, nonnutritive sucking, and weight gain in premature infants.

Parent-preferred melodies and entrained live rhythm and breath sounds can enhance quiet alert and sleep states, suck response, and oxygen saturation in premature infants and significantly reduce fear and anxiety perception in parents. (Read the full article)

Sleep patterns of adult monozygotic twins are more similar than those of dizygotic twins, showing moderate heritability and little effects of environmental influences. There have been very few genetically informative studies of sleep in preschool children and results appear inconsistent.

From previous studies, we investigated daytime and nighttime continuous sleep duration longitudinally. This is the first time that the etiologies of daytime and nighttime continuous sleep duration trajectories were studied in early childhood. (Read the full article)

Epidemiologic studies have documented that children’s sleep duration is associated with obesity risk. Experimental studies with adults suggest that short sleep may lead to changes in appetite-regulating hormones and food intake, which could lead to weight gain over time.

This controlled experimental study demonstrates that compared to sleeping less, when children increase sleep, they report decreased caloric intake, have lower fasting leptin levels, and weigh less. Such changes, if maintained, could help prevent excess weight gain over time. (Read the full article)

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for sleep disturbances and excessive media use. However, the relationship between media use and sleep in children with ASD or ADHD has not been studied.

In-room access to screen-based media and video game hours were associated with less sleep among boys with ASD. The relationships between media use and sleep were much more pronounced among boys with ASD than among boys with ADHD or typical development. (Read the full article)

Inconsistent results have been reported on the association between sleep duration and blood pressure (BP) in children, likely as a result of inadequate adjustment for confounders and the use of different time frames in assessing sleep duration.

Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with higher BP in normal-weight adolescents. One night of adequate sleep may partially ameliorate the risk of high BP but cannot completely reverse the effect of chronic sleep insufficiency. (Read the full article)

Infant sleep and crying problems are common and associated with postnatal depression. No programs aiming to prevent all 3 issues have been rigorously evaluated.

A prevention program targeting these issues improves caregiver mental health, behaviors, and cognitions around infant sleep. Implementation at a population level may be best restricted to infants who are frequent feeders because they experience fewer crying and daytime sleep problems. (Read the full article)

Many parenting Web sites encourage use of infant "sleep machines" to play ambient noise while infants sleep. Noise recommendations for hospital nurseries suggest a limit of 50 A-weighted dB, whereas occupational standards limit exposure times for noise >85 A-weighted dB.

We measured the maximum sound level outputs of infant sleep machines and found that several devices are capable of producing levels that may be damaging to infant hearing and may be detrimental to auditory development. (Read the full article)

Inadequate sleep in childhood is associated with poor mental and physical health. Numerous cross-sectional studies reveal associations between television viewing and the presence of a bedroom TV and inadequate sleep in older children and adolescents, but longitudinal research is limited.

More TV viewing, and, among racial/ethnic minority children, bedroom TV, were associated with shorter sleep from infancy to midchildhood. These results raise the possibility that interventions to reduce TV could improve children’s sleep. (Read the full article)

A national probability study based on time diaries for 2 days indicated that black and white adolescents get close to the recommended amount of sleep. Sleep should be measured by using multiple methods to get an accurate picture of adolescent sleep.

Based on actigraphy and daily diary assessments, healthy adolescents from a lower socioeconomic community got less than the recommended amount of sleep; black male students were likely to have short, fragmented sleep, which may play a role in their health risks. (Read the full article)

Curtailed sleep in children has been found to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk factors, including obesity. Few existing studies have examined measures of adiposity beyond BMI or have examined the effects of being chronically sleep curtailed.

In this cohort of children who had research-level measures of sleep, BMI, total fat mass, and fat mass distribution, we found that chronic sleep curtailment from infancy to age 7 years was associated with higher overall and central adiposity in mid-childhood. (Read the full article)

A limited number of studies have identified distinct patterns of child sleep duration, which appear to have implications for health and well-being.

This article identifies distinct patterns of sleep duration during early childhood and demonstrates that these have important implications for health-related quality of life. (Read the full article)

Sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related causes of infant mortality have several known risk factors. Less is known about the association of those risk factors at different times during infancy.

Risk factors for sleep-related infant deaths may be different for different age groups. The predominant risk factor for younger infants is bed-sharing, whereas rolling to prone, with objects in the sleep area, is the predominant risk factor for older infants. (Read the full article)

Sleep disturbance affects 47% to 60% of children with atopic dermatitis and is a leading cause of impaired quality of life for the patients and their family.

Sleep disturbance in children with atopic dermatitis can be predicted by a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index of ≥48.7, and lower nocturnal melatonin secretion might play a role in the pathophysiology. (Read the full article)

Children with autism sleep poorly compared with their peers. Sensory integration, including use of weighted blankets, is proposed as a means to reduce arousal and stress. There is, however, no evidence that weighted blankets can improve sleep for these children.

This is the first robust study to evaluate the impact of weighted blankets and show that they do not improve sleep parameters in children with autism spectrum disorder. (Read the full article)