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Netherlands Antillean Guilder(ANG)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Netherlands Antillean Guilder = 235.0663 Kazakhstan Tenge



  • Netherlands Antillean Guilder

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Estonian Kroon(EEK)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Estonian Kroon = 29.5876 Kazakhstan Tenge




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Danish Krone(DKK)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Danish Krone = 61.3279 Kazakhstan Tenge




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Fiji Dollar(FJD)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Fiji Dollar = 187.2985 Kazakhstan Tenge




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New Zealand Dollar(NZD)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 New Zealand Dollar = 259.0173 Kazakhstan Tenge



  • New Zealand Dollar

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Croatian Kuna(HRK)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Croatian Kuna = 60.818 Kazakhstan Tenge




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Peruvian Nuevo Sol(PEN)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Peruvian Nuevo Sol = 124.1501 Kazakhstan Tenge



  • Peruvian Nuevo Sol

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Dominican Peso(DOP)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Dominican Peso = 7.6669 Kazakhstan Tenge




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Papua New Guinean Kina(PGK)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Papua New Guinean Kina = 123.0158 Kazakhstan Tenge



  • Papua New Guinean Kina

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Brunei Dollar(BND)/Kazakhstan Tenge(KZT)

1 Brunei Dollar = 298.594 Kazakhstan Tenge






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Kazakhstan SWF makes international move

Kazakhstan’s sovereign wealth fund, Samruk-Kazyna, has approved a new 2018 to 2028 strategy that will eventually expand its investment activity beyond the domestic market.




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Kazakhstan enters a new era

When Kazakhstan’s president, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, took the baton from ‘leader of the nation’ Nursultan Nazarbayev, he pledged stability and continuity, as well as new approaches to succeed where previous policies have struggled to gain traction. Jacopo Dettoni reports on the progress so far. 




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The Effects of Privatization and Corporate Governance of SOEs in Transition Economy: The Case of Kazakhstan

Privatization has different effects depending on the types of owners to whom it gives control in corporate governance.




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The Effects of Privatization and Corporate Governance of SOEs in Transition Economy: The Case of Kazakhstan

Privatization has different effects depending on the types of owners to whom it gives control in corporate governance.




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International Space Station crew lands safely in Kazakhstan after more than 200 days in orbit

The crew of three returned to a planet troubled by the coronavirus pandemic Coronavirus: the symptoms Read our LIVE updates on the coronavirus here




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Kazakhstani National Pleads Guilty to Money Laundering for “Hack and Dump” Scheme

Alexey Li, 21, a citizen of Kazakhstan who entered the United States on a student visa, pleaded guilty today before U.S. District Judge Ewing Werlein, Jr. to aiding and abetting money laundering.



  • OPA Press Releases

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Kazakhstani National Pleads Guilty to Money Laundering for “Hack and Dump” Scheme

Daniyar Zhaxalyk, 25, a citizen of Kazakhstan who entered the United States on a student visa, pleaded guilty today in Houston to one count of money laundering.



  • OPA Press Releases

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Kazakhstani National Sentenced to 27 Months in Prison for Money Laundering

Daniyar Zhaxalyk, 26, a citizen of Kazakhstan who entered the United States on a student visa, was sentenced today to 27 months in prison for his role in a sophisticated stock fraud scheme that caused more than $400,000 in losses.



  • OPA Press Releases

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China’s and Russia’s Interests in Central Asia: Connecting the Dots in Kazakhstan


Visiting Astana, the modernistic capital of Kazakhstan, last week, I couldn't help feeling that I was at, or at least close to, the center of the universe. 

Consider this:  On September 7, the president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, having just returned from attending the G-20 Summit in St. Petersburg at the invitation of President Putin of Russia, welcomed President Xi Jinping of China for an official visit in Astana. President Xi gave a speech that day at Nazarbayev University, in which he unabashedly borrowed a turn of phrase from former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton  by proposing a “New Silk Road” to serve as an “economic belt” of Eurasia, connecting “3 million people from the Pacific to the Baltic Sea” with Kazakhstan as a key partner along the way. 

On September 10, President Nazarbayev opened the Eurasian Emerging Markets Forum in Astana, at which he addressed some 800 participants, including high-level dignitaries and representatives from 87 countries.  In his keynote speech, he laid out his plans to catapult Kazakhstan into the ranks of the top 30 developed countries in the world by 2050.  The rest of the forum was devoted to exploring the ways in which this ambitious vision could be achieved and how economic integration of the Eurasian supercontinent—i.e., Europe plus Asia, with Kazakhstan at its center—would be a driver of regional and global prosperity. 

Finally, on September 13, President Nazarbayev joined the leaders of China, Russia and the five Central Asian republics in Bishkek for a summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which was also attended by a number of other regional leaders with observer status, including from Afghanistan, India, Iran and Pakistan.  Besides the usual pledges of good neighborly relations within the group, the leaders weighed in with a chorus of statements about current geopolitical trouble spots, including Afghanistan, Iran and Syria, many of them directed critically at the United States.

While the president and people of Kazakhstan might have felt at the center of global action this week, there is little doubt that China and Russia are the key external actors on the Central Asian stage.  Europe and the United States are far away and hardly visible, and everybody expects that, with the imminent end of NATO’s engagement in Afghanistan, their attention to Central Asia will slip even further.  In contrast, the leaders of China and Russia are clearly focused on this region.  

Central Asian leaders, while perhaps privately worried about the long-term consequences of too tight an embrace by China, welcome the low-key approach of their big neighbor...

If there had been any doubt, President Xi’s speech in Astana showed that China is now concerned with Central Asia at the highest level.  While China faces its neighbors in the Pacific region in an assertive pose designed to counter what it sees as encirclement by unfriendly countries led by the U.S., it evidently feels no threat in Central Asia and projects an image of itself as benevolent and modest senior partner.  No doubt sensing opportunities to create a stable backyard, to secure access to energy resources and to build a land bridge to European and Middle Eastern markets while also gently wresting influence away from Russia, China has a strong incentive to push westward.  The substantial energy supply deals  that President Xi signed in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan this past week and the stress Xi placed in his Astana speech on measures to open up transport links throughout Eurasia reflect China’s growing engagement in this region.  Central Asian leaders, while perhaps privately worried about the long-term consequences of too tight an embrace by China, welcome the low-key approach of their big neighbor, which promises to strengthen their own hand economically and politically at least in the short term.

At the same time, there is also a new dynamic between Central Asia and Russia.  Since Mr. Putin resumed the Russian presidency in 2012, Russia has breathed new life into a long-dormant regional grouping, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC), by pushing hard to create a customs union  (and eventually an economic union) that, in Russia’s view, would encompass most of the republics of the former Soviet Union. Although only a fraction of the geographic space of continental Eurasia (Europe + Asia), the reference to “Eurasia” harks back to a long-standing Russian ideological vision.  Under this vision, Russia and its former Soviet neighbors are endowed with a unique combination of European and Asian values and, led by Russia, with a mission to dominate the land bridge between Europe and Asia. 

In the pursuit of establishing a unified economic “Eurasian” space, Russia has not only successfully pushed for the full implementation of the current customs union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belorussia, but is also vigorously pursuing the expansion of the union in Ukraine, Central Asia (specifically targeting the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan) and Armenia in the South Caucasus.  In the case of Armenia and Ukraine, this pursuit has taken on a decidedly anti-European Union tone, as Russia seems to spare no effort to ensure that these countries will join its own economic orbit, rather than associating with the EU.  In Central Asia, the Russian campaign of expanding the customs union has been more low key, but nonetheless persistent with the quiet support of Kazakhstan.  Interestingly, this effort to create a unified economic space has not been cast by Russia as a move to counteract the growing influence of China in Central Asia, even though it is undoubtedly one of the underlying long-term motives for Russian diplomacy in the region.  

Much more important for China will be whether the “Eurasian” economic union can create safe, low-cost and high-speed transit routes to China’s key trading partners in Europe, South Asia and the Middle East.

Indeed, for Central Asia in general and for Kazakhstan in particular, the important questions for the future will be how China and Russia shape their mutual relations overall and how they will seek to accommodate their overlapping interests in the region.  For the moment, a common geopolitical front vis-à-vis the U.S., evident in their joint positions at the U.N. Security Council and at the SCO summit last week, is an overarching priority for China and Russia.  Moreover, they share the common interest of establishing a stable and prosperous political and economic sphere in Central Asia.  For now and the foreseeable future, China’s thirst for energy is large enough to allow both Russia and Central Asian countries to pursue opportunities for major oil and gas supply deals with China without undue competition. Finally, whatever protectionist effects an expansion of the Russian-led customs union may have in limiting trade between China and Central Asia will likely be temporary and will hardly be noticed in China’s huge overall trade account.  Much more important for China will be whether the “Eurasian” economic union can create safe, low-cost and high-speed transit routes to China’s key trading partners in Europe, South Asia and the Middle East. This priority strongly resonated in President Xi’s speech, in which he not only staked out an interest in Eurasian economic integration, but also promised greater cooperation between the SCO and EurAsEC.

What does all of this mean in practical terms for Central Asia and for Kazakhstan?  As President Nazarbayev indicated in his speech at the Eurasian Emerging Markets Forum, he sees Kazakhstan as playing a key role in supporting the economic integration of larger Eurasia.  This presumably should mean: investing in regional infrastructure, such as the major East-West Highway through Kazakhstan as a link from China to Europe; assuring that the customs union pursues open, rather than protectionist, policies; and convincing the other Central Asian countries, including Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, to participate in an effort to increase the region’s connectivity both internally and with the rest of the world. 

In addition, there are a number of institutional options for promoting these goals and for turning China’s and Russia’s engagement in Central Asia into a pragmatic partnership.  One option would be to have China join the Eurasian Development Bank (EADB), the financial arm of EurAsEC.  Another would be for Russia to join the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation Program (CAREC), in which China has teamed up with Central Asian countries (now also including Afghanistan, Mongolia and Pakistan) and with six international financial organizations (including the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank) with the goal of improving regional cooperation and investment in trade, transport and energy.  Either or both of these two options could then offer SCO a financial and technical institutional platform to pursue economic integration between China, Russia and Central Asia (and, ultimately, even South Asia), a goal that has eluded SCO up until now. 

Kazakhstan is a member of EurAsEc, EADB, CAREC and SCO, and is therefore in a unique position to promote institutional changes along some or all of these lines.  One place to start would be the next ministerial conference of CAREC, to be held in Astana on October 24-25.  Of course, it is by no means clear that China and Russia will see it in their interest to dilute their lead roles in EADB and CAREC, the regional organizations that they now respectively dominate.  However, establishing a strong and meaningful institutional capacity that would support the economic integration process in Central Asia and in the larger Eurasia would be of great benefit for Kazakhstan, since it would help turn the country from being “land-locked” to being “land-linked” with the world’s largest and most dynamic economies.

Image Source: © RIA Novosti / Reuters
      
 
 






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Russia, Portugal, Spain and Kazakhstan secure Futsal World Cup returns




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Competition Law and Policy in Kazakhstan 2016

Kazakhstan's competition system underwent a peer review of its law and regulation at the 2015 Global Forum on Competition on 29-30 October 2015. The report was launched in Astana on 25 May 2016 and provides a throught insight into the current strenghts and weakness of the Kazakhstan competition regime.




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Kazakhstan signs the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters

Kazakhstan has become the 64th signatory of the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, the most powerful international instrument to fight international tax avoidance and evasion.




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Kazakhstan, Côte d’Ivoire and Bermuda join the Inclusive Framework on BEPS

Following the first meeting of the Inclusive Framework on BEPS in Japan, on 30 June-1 July, and recent regional meetings, more countries and jurisdictions are joining the framework. The Inclusive Framework on BEPS welcomed Kazakhstan, Côte d’Ivoire and Bermuda bringing to 94 the total number of countries and jurisdictions participating on an equal footing in the project.




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OECD launches BEPS support programme to assist Kazakhstan in the implementation of the new international tax standards

On 28 November 2017, an OECD delegation met Bakhyt Sultanov, the Kazakhstan Minister of Finance, in Astana to launch an initiative to assist Kazakhstan in the implementation of the measures to tackle Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS).




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Kazakhstan signs the CRS Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement

Kazakhstan today became the 102nd jurisdiction to sign the OECD's Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement for the Common Reporting Standard (CRS MCAA).




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Kazakhstan must sharpen its strategy and raise impact of its anti-corruption measures

Kazakhstan’s new anti-corruption strategy must be better defined, involving key stakeholders, with targeted actions and goals that address the key corruption challenges facing the country, says a new OECD report by the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan (IAP).




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Turkey Exports to Kazakhstan

Exports to Kazakhstan in Turkey decreased to 66651.73 USD THO in March from 76935.29 USD THO in February of 2020. Exports to Kazakhstan in Turkey averaged 63806.79 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 96445 USD THO in July of 2014 and a record low of 33678.08 USD THO in January of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for Turkey Exports to Kazakhstan.




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Turkey Imports from Kazakhstan

Imports from Kazakhstan in Turkey increased to 136568.88 USD THO in March from 80293.76 USD THO in February of 2020. Imports from Kazakhstan in Turkey averaged 107173.53 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 144892.97 USD THO in April of 2018 and a record low of 51503 USD THO in September of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for Turkey Imports from Kazakhstan.




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OECD bolsters relationship with Kazakhstan – Signs Kazakhstan Country Programme Agreement

The OECD and the Government of Kazakhstan are signing today in Davos a Memorandum of Understanding on a two-year Country Programme, which will support an ambitious set of reforms of Kazakhstan’s policies and institutions.




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Kazakhstan Wages High Skilled

Wages High Skilled in Kazakhstan increased to 137400 KZT/Month in 2018 from 113400 KZT/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Kazakhstan averaged 119575 KZT/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 137400 KZT/Month in 2018 and a record low of 109800 KZT/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.




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Kazakhstan Wages Low Skilled

Wages Low Skilled in Kazakhstan increased to 73200 KZT/Month in 2018 from 63700 KZT/Month in 2017. Wages Low Skilled in Kazakhstan averaged 65525 KZT/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 73200 KZT/Month in 2018 and a record low of 59300 KZT/Month in 2015. Low Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing low-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.




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Kazakhstan Living Wage Family

Living Wage Family in Kazakhstan increased to 128600 KZT/Month in 2018 from 126200 KZT/Month in 2017. Living Wage Family in Kazakhstan averaged 126850 KZT/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 128600 KZT/Month in 2018 and a record low of 125600 KZT/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. Living Wage for a typical family refers to the family composition most common in the country at stake, calculated on the respective fertility rates.




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Kazakhstan GDP Deflator

GDP Deflator in Kazakhstan decreased to 6.40 Index Points in 2018 from 8.60 Index Points in 2017. GDP Deflator in Kazakhstan averaged 111.08 Index Points from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 260.90 Index Points in 1995 and a record low of 6.40 Index Points in 2018. This page provides - Kazakhstan Gdp Deflator- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Kazakhstan Stock Exchange Index KASE

The KASE decreased 95 points or 3.99% since the beginning of 2020, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Kazakhstan. Historically, the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange Index KASE reached an all time high of 2876.17 in July of 2007. The Kazakhstan Stock Exchange Index KASE tracks the performance of stocks at the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange in Almaty, Kazakhstan.




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Kazakhstan Living Wage Individual

Living Wage Individual in Kazakhstan increased to 85600 KZT/Month in 2018 from 83700 KZT/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Kazakhstan averaged 83875 KZT/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 85600 KZT/Month in 2018 and a record low of 81100 KZT/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.




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Kazakhstan Retirement Age Men

Retirement Age Men in Kazakhstan remained unchanged at 63 in 2018 from 63 in 2017. Retirement Age Men in Kazakhstan averaged 62.48 from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 63 in 2001 and a record low of 60 in 1996. This page provides - Kazakhstan Retirement Age Men- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Kazakhstan Retirement Age Women

Retirement Age Women in Kazakhstan remained unchanged at 58 in 2018 from 58 in 2017. Retirement Age Women in Kazakhstan averaged 57.48 from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 58 in 2001 and a record low of 55 in 1996. This page provides - Kazakhstan Retirement Age Women- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Kazakhstan Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Kazakhstan increased to 1607 USD Million in 2018 from 1391 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Kazakhstan averaged 853.85 USD Million from 1993 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1714 USD Million in 2015 and a record low of 231 USD Million in 1999.




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Kazakhstan Government Debt to GDP

Kazakhstan recorded a government debt equivalent to 21.90 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Kazakhstan averaged 13.26 percent from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 21.90 percent in 2015 and a record low of 5.90 percent in 2007. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Kazakhstan Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Kazakhstan GDP per capita

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Kazakhstan was last recorded at 11165.50 US dollars in 2018. The GDP per Capita in Kazakhstan is equivalent to 88 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita in Kazakhstan averaged 7096.69 USD from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 11165.50 USD in 2018 and a record low of 3738.50 USD in 1995. The GDP per capita is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by inflation, by the total population. This page provides - Kazakhstan GDP per capita - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Kazakhstan GDP per capita PPP

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Kazakhstan was last recorded at 24738.40 US dollars in 2018, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Kazakhstan, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 139 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita PPP in Kazakhstan averaged 15723.42 USD from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 24738.40 USD in 2018 and a record low of 8282.90 USD in 1995. The GDP per capita PPP is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by purchasing power parity, by the total population. This page provides the latest reported value for - Kazakhstan GDP per capita PPP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Kazakhstan Gross National Product

Gross National Product in Kazakhstan increased to 59613707.50 KZT Million in 2018 from 53101281.80 KZT Million in 2017. Gross National Product in Kazakhstan averaged 15526589.17 KZT Million from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 59613707.50 KZT Million in 2018 and a record low of 25081.80 KZT Million in 1993. This page provides - Kazakhstan Gross National Product- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Kazakhstan Export Prices

Export Prices in Kazakhstan decreased to 98.40 Index Points in June from 103.40 Index Points in May of 2019. Export Prices in Kazakhstan averaged 100.93 Index Points from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 114 Index Points in July of 2009 and a record low of 79.80 Index Points in December of 2008. This page provides the latest reported value for - Kazakhstan Export Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Kazakhstan Import Prices

Import Prices in Kazakhstan increased to 100.80 Index Points in June from 100.20 Index Points in May of 2019. Import Prices in Kazakhstan averaged 100.89 Index Points from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 108.50 Index Points in May of 2001 and a record low of 92.80 Index Points in January of 2015. This page provides the latest reported value for - Kazakhstan Import Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Kazakhstan Competitiveness Index

Kazakhstan scored 62.94 points out of 100 on the 2018 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Index in Kazakhstan averaged 17.57 Points from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 62.94 Points in 2019 and a record low of 4.07 Points in 2010. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. The report is made up of 98 variables, from a combination of data from international organizations as well as from the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey. The variables are organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. The GCI varies between 1 and 100, higher average score means higher degree of competitiveness. With the 2018 edition, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology, aiming to integrate the notion of the 4th Industrial Revolution into the definition of competitiveness. It emphasizes the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. This page provides the latest reported value for - Kazakhstan Competitiveness Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Kazakhstan Competitiveness Rank

Kazakhstan is the 55 most competitive nation in the world out of 140 countries ranked in the 2018 edition of the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Rank in Kazakhstan averaged 58 from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 72 in 2011 and a record low of 42 in 2016. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. In 2018, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology emphasizing the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. As a result, the GCI scale changed to 1 to 100 from 1 to 7, with higher average score meaning higher degree of competitiveness. The report is made up of 98 variables organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. This page provides the latest reported value for - Kazakhstan Competitiveness Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.