R (on the application of Tesco Stores Limited) v Forest of Dean District Council and (1) JD Norman Lydney Limited (2) Asda Stores Limited (3) Windmill Limited (4) MMC Land & Regeneration Limited1 The Court of Appeal, upholding a decision of the ...

David J. Pritchard and Mario Vallejo-Marin

Vibrations play an important role in insect behaviour. In bees, vibrations are used in a variety of contexts including communication, as a warning signal to deter predators and during pollen foraging. However, little is known about how the biomechanical properties of bee vibrations vary across multiple behaviours within a species. In this study, we compared the properties of vibrations produced by Bombus terrestris audax (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers in three contexts: during flight, during defensive buzzing, and in floral vibrations produced during pollen foraging on two buzz-pollinated plants (Solanum, Solanaceae). Using laser vibrometry, we were able to obtain contactless measures of both the frequency and amplitude of the thoracic vibrations of bees across the three behaviours. Despite all three types of vibrations being produced by the same power flight muscles, we found clear differences in the mechanical properties of the vibrations produced in different contexts. Both floral and defensive buzzes had higher frequency and amplitude velocity, acceleration, and displacement than the vibrations produced during flight. Floral vibrations had the highest frequency, amplitude velocity and acceleration of all the behaviours studied. Vibration amplitude, and in particular acceleration, of floral vibrations has been suggested as the key property for removing pollen from buzz-pollinated anthers. By increasing frequency and amplitude velocity and acceleration of their vibrations during vibratory pollen collection, foraging bees may be able to maximise pollen removal from flowers, although their foraging decisions are likely to be influenced by the presumably high cost of producing floral vibrations.

Three men have been arrested on suspicion of firearms offences after failing to stop for police.

Michael Gove insisted the Government "should not be thinking of lifting" lockdown restrictions yet as he launched a staunch defence of Boris Johnson's management of the coronavirus crisis.

A 17-year-old has been charged with 16 sexual offences after allegations of abuse at a nursery.

Knife crime was committed in London at a rate more than double the national average last year as offences in the capital involving bladed weapons reached record levels.

Police have charged a suspect with a firearms offence after a man was seen firing weapons from an apartment in Kent.

Police have been alerted to more than 1,000 potential child sexual abuse cases during the coronavirus pandemic, the Home Secretary has said.

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Fede Valverde can be as important as Sergio Ramos at Real Madrid, says Diego Forlan.

Bruno Fernandes has revealed that his instinctive free-kick to tee up a goal for Anthony Martial against rivals Manchester City was entirely unplanned.

Deploying Defence aircraft to bring hundreds of performers to the Edinburgh Military Tattoo in Sydney presents an opportunity for Australia to gain ground in the battle for influence in the Pacific.

Ozil's Arsenal career is seemingly coming to an end with little over a year remaining on his current contract, but Leno has responded to claims his teammate is no longer up to the task

Parking lots will never be green, period. But design can make them less of an eye sore. And who knew a fence could look cool?

The divide between environmentalists and stockmen can sometimes be pretty wide, but they may find common ground in a new wireless fence technology for cattle.

Industrial units in rural areas will be allowed to function from April 20 provided they follow social distancing norms while all kinds of public transport will be barred and public places closed till May 3, according to guidelines issued on Wednesday to enforce the second phase of the lockdown.

Wearing masks/face covers in public places is now compulsory across the country. Besides, spitting in public has been made a punishable offence and a strict ban enforced on the sale of "liquor, 'gutka' tobacco etc" under the new Ministry of Home Affairs guidelines that come a day after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the extension of the nationwide lockdown till May 3.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his address to the nation on Tuesday, extended the nationwide lockdown till May 3. Pic/Twitter Narendra Modi

The prime minister also said necessary activities will be allowed from April 20 in identified areas of the country. A three-week lockdown to contain the spread of COVID-19 came into effect after his announcement on March 24.

Laying out the dos and don’ts for phase two of the pan India lockdown, the guidelines state that all work places should make adequate arrangements for temperature screening and must provide sanitisers at convenient places.

Services provided by self-employed electricians, IT repair personnel, plumbers, motor mechanics and carpenters will be allowed from April 20. While inter-state, inter-district movement of people, metro, bus services will be prohibited till May 3, the government has allowed industrial units located in rural areas to function from April 20 by observing strict social distancing norms.

Mumbai police officials snapped during a candid moment at the Gateway of India amid lockdown

Manufacturing, industrial units with access control in SEZs, export oriented units, industrial estates, industrial townships will also be allowed to function from that date. Educational institutions, coaching centres, domestic, international air travel, train services will remain suspended, the ministry said.

Public places such as cinema halls, malls, shopping complexes, gymnasiums, sports complexes, swimming pools and bars will be shut too till May 3. All social, political, sports, religious functions, religious places, places of worship will also be closed till then, according to the guidelines.

However, highway ''dhaba'' (eateries), truck repairing shops, call centres for government activities will remain open from April 20. Shops selling agriculture machinery and those dealing with spare parts, supply chains and repairs as well as ''custom hiring centres’ related to farm machinery will also be open from that day.

Activities permitted five days from now include those related to agricultural and the horticultural sectors, farmers and farm workers in the field as well as procurement of agri products. Units manufacturing drugs, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, medical infrastructure, including manufacture of ambulances, will be open from April 20.

A woman carries ration on her shoulders as a police officer looks on amid lockdown in the city

The guidelines state that grocery stores, fruits, vegetables shops/ carts, milk booths, poultry, meat and fish shop will remain open during the lockdown. However, exemptions given from April 20 will not be applicable in COVID-19 hotspots/containment zones. The document specifies that state/UT governments shall not dilute guidelines in any manner but may impose stricter measures in accordance with local requirements.

The Home Ministry said permitted industries must make arrangements for the stay of workers within their premises or in adjacent buildings by observing social distancing norms. It said Defence, paramilitary, Health and Family Welfare, disaster management, NIC, FCI, NCC, Nehru Yuva Kendra and Customs offices will function without any restrictions.

Other ministries and departments will function with "100 per cent attendance" with deputy secretary and above rank officers. "Remaining officers and staff to attend up to 33 per cent as per requirement," it said. According to the guidelines, in order to mitigate the public’s hardship, select additional activities will be allowed from April 20.

"However, these additional activities will be operationalised by states and UTs and district administrators based on strict compliance to existing guidelines on lockdown measures," it said.

Activities permitted from April 20 are aimed at ensuring that agricultural and related activities remain fully functional, rural economy functions with maximum efficiency, employment opportunities are created for daily wage earners and other members of labour force, select industrial activities are allowed to resume their operations, with safeguards and mandatory standard operating protocols and digital economy, states the document.

Police authorities seal off Worli-Koliwada after coronavirus positive cases were confirmed from Worli

The revised guidelines will not apply in containment zones, as demarcated by states/ UTs/ district administrations. If any new area is included in the category of a containment zone, the activities allowed in that area till the time of its categorization as a containment zone will be suspended except those specifically permitted under the Health Ministry’s guidelines.

Containment zones will be demarcated by states/UTs/ district administrations in accordance with the ministry’ guidelines. In these zones, no unchecked inward/outward movement of population would be allowed, except for essential services.

The government described digital economy as critical to the services sector. Accordingly, e-commerce operations, operations of IT and IT enabled services, data and call centres for government activities, and online teaching and distance learning are all permitted.

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The OECD Working Group on Bribery supports Spain’s efforts to further reform its Penal Code to bring its anti-bribery law into line with its international obligations under the OECD Convention on Combatting Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions.

GDP From Public Administration in Latvia increased to 623143 EUR Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 440350 EUR Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. GDP From Public Administration in Latvia averaged 400369.18 EUR Thousand from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 740699 EUR Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2007 and a record low of 248834 EUR Thousand in the first quarter of 2002. This page provides - Latvia Gdp From Public Administration- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

GDP From Public Administration in the United Kingdom increased to 22740 GBP Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 22442 GBP Million in the third quarter of 2019. GDP From Public Administration in the United Kingdom averaged 23561.64 GBP Million from 1990 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 25471 GBP Million in the third quarter of 2009 and a record low of 21629 GBP Million in the third quarter of 2016. This page provides - United Kingdom Gdp From Public Administration- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

GDP From Public Administration in Russia decreased to 1612.90 RUB Billion in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 1654.20 RUB Billion in the third quarter of 2019. GDP From Public Administration in Russia averaged 914.48 RUB Billion from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1654.20 RUB Billion in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 426 RUB Billion in the second quarter of 2005. This page provides the latest reported value for - Russia Gdp From Public Administration - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

GDP From Public Administration in Taiwan decreased to 259171 TWD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 275190 TWD Million in the third quarter of 2019. GDP From Public Administration in Taiwan averaged 209886.28 TWD Million from 1981 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 281195 TWD Million in the third quarter of 2010 and a record low of 85657 TWD Million in the third quarter of 1981. This page provides - Taiwan Gdp From Public Administration- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

London-listed explorer hires Citi for fundraising and advice as rivals eye acquisitions

The era of extravagant military purchases is surely over after the threat posed by the pandemic

Paris Saint Germain's defensive shortcomings were exposed as Monaco snapped the champions' Ligue 1 winning streak in a thrilling 3-3 draw at the Parc des Princes on Sunday.

There are three significant events in the 2021 athletics calendar, with the European Indoors on March 5-7 joined by the rescheduled World Indoors on March 19-21 and the Tokyo Olympics.

A number of offenders in Scotland charged with knife offences and violent assaults have been bailed to appear in court several months down the line - when they normally would be dealt with the next day.

WORLD OF GOLF: I blame Colin Montgomerie. It's a decade since the Scot marked the start of Ryder Cup qualifying by writing down the 12 players who he thought would make his team.

Grammy Award-winning singer Ed Sheeran, 28, has lodged plans to erect a 6.5ft tall fence and gates around his Suffolk estate to ensure his privacy which his neighbours have described as 'unsightly'.

Wales have only made the last four twice, in 1987 and 2011, but defence coach Edwards is setting bar high after wins against Georgia and Australia and group games against Fiji and Uruguay left.

Celtic kicked off their Scottish Cup campaign by cruising to a win over Partick Thistle on Saturday, as striker Leigh Griffiths bagged his first goal since August at Firhill Stadium.

She's been soaking up the sun on Sydney's picture-perfect beaches.

PETE JENSON IN SPAIN: Jordi Cruyff's Monday morning column in Diario Sport was the perfect riposte to Michael Owen's tweet last week dismissing a Diego Simeone masterclass.

Diego Maradona has likened Louis van Gaal to the devil over his treatment of misfiring Manchester United striker Radamel Falcao.

Two of Sydney's best-known hoarders will continue their self-represented battle to have fines thrown out in court, alleging they obstructed police during a council-led clean-up.

The West Ham star recieved rave reviews last season with some commanding performances in the middle of the park. But he has struggled, as have his side, this campaign.

Jan Vertonghen admits Tottenham must address the problem of goals they concede if they are to salvage something from their disastrous season after crashing out of the FA Cup on Wednesday.

England dominated from start to finish as they took a 24-12 victory over Ireland. Influential fly-half Johnny Sexton struggled to get into the game as England's defence barely gave him room to breathe.

James Abbott-Thompson appeared before a judge at Thames Magistrates Court where he was accused of 11 crimes - most of them on NHS property.

Our scout is a top football expert who attends matches each week searching for the next star. This week they give Sportsmail the low down on Nottingham Forest right back Matty Cash.

The footage was recorded in Phang Nga, southern Thailand, on Wednesday morning. The 8-foot-long male snake was found with his 7-foot-long female counterpart before they were eventually freed.

A man and a woman have been arrested in Dover, Kent, on suspicion of terror offences relating to Syria. Police said the arrests were not linked to the London Bridge terror attack last month.

An investigation by motoring title Honest John found that TfL is using a clause created in 2003 to chase owners of vehicles, rather than their drivers, for payment of fines relating to traffic offences.

Armed police swooped during a daylight raid in Uccle, Brussels as part of continued investigations into the atrocity, which left 130 people dead and hundreds wounded.

Police believe they have smashed a major British terror cell linked to the masterminds of the atrocities in Paris and Brussels after cracking a mobile phone used by one of the attackers.

Kieran Creaven, 54, a sports producer with RTE, pleaded guilty to grooming the girl at Leeds magistrates' court today.

Aston Villa captain Jack Grealish was forced to apologise this week after admitting to flouting lockdown guidelines to attend a late-night party at former team-mate Ross McCormack's flat.

The supermodel, 24,jumped to boyfriend Zayn Malik's defence as Jake, 23, claimed the singer told him to 'f**k off for no reason'.

The netted barrier will be put in place within the next three months after the government has found a private contractor to build it.

A number of aircraft of Indian Air Force conducted a fly past over different parts spanning the length and breadth of the country today (May 3) as a tribute to the frontline staff ⁠— doctors, nurses, sanitation workers, police and others ⁠— dealing with the COVID-19 pandeminc in India. This flying activity was combined along with the training activity of the Indian Air Force and opportunity flight for transport aircraft and helicopters who are involved in moving supplies related to COVID-19 task, a government statement said. Watch the video here: Courtesy: The state-run broadcaster Doordarshan.From the King George's Medical University (KGMU) in Lucknow to Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital in Chennai to Thiruvananthapuram General Hospital in Kerala, the IAF aircrafts showered flower petals