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Proyecto BIFE busca obtener carne cultivada para el consumo humano




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5 libros para leer sobre el orgullo LGBTIQ+




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Día Internacional del Orgullo LGBTIQ+




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Tostao de choquibtown lanza su nuevo álbum “Exótico pal mundo”




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Marulanda sobre la situación actual del Cali: “Lo mas importante es obtener confianza”




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What impact is debt having on your life?

Inflation and Interest rate hikes are making digital wallets a lot lighter, with personal and business bankruptcies way up.



  • Radio/Cross Country Checkup

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Kansas City Chiefs' Harrison Butker attacked LGBTQ rights and said women grads were excited about marriage and kids. Here’s what social media said.




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The Biden administration is planning to eliminate medical debt from credit reports of millions of Americans. What could this mean for you?




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Roseville pups ready to prove doubters wrong

It pits the best young shire cricketers against each other - but with an average age of just 18, Roseville are out to show they’re no pushover.




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Labor Election Reactions | Election Impact on the LGBTQ+ and Arts Communities | W. Kamau Bell at the Mondavi Center

How Election Day results on the federal, state, and local level impact the labor, arts, and LGBTQ+ communities. Finally, comedian W. Kamau Bell performs at the Mondavi Center at UC Davis.




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N.C. Lt. Gov. Pressured To Resign Over LGBTQ comments



He made the comments during a speech to churchgoers.




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Joanna Frith Obtains NABCEP Certification

BE Solar’s Director of Sales Joanna Frith has obtained the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners [NABCEP] PV Associate Certificate, with the company noting that she is the first woman in Bermuda to accomplish this. A spokesperson said, “BE Solar’s Director of Sales, Joanna Frith is the first woman in Bermuda to obtain the NABCEP […]




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Chubb BTC Earns Certification For 2024 Event

The 2024 Chubb Bermuda Triangle Challenge [Chubb BTC] has achieved certification from the Council for Responsible Sport. A spokesperson said, “Bermuda continues to make headlines in sporting news with its first-ever event to achieve certification from world’s leading responsible sport certification program, the Council for Responsible Sport. The 2024 Chubb Bermuda Triangle Challenge, which took […]




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NMB To Host Artist Talks For BTA Art Month

The National Museum of Bermuda [NMB] is hosting three Artist Talks as part of the Bermuda Tourism Authority’s [BTA] Bermuda Art Month, which spans the month of October this year. A spokesperson said, “On Thursday, October 3 at 10am, join Lisa Howie, Co-Curator of NMB’s Alternative Voices: A Perspective on Contemporary Art from the Azores […]




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BTA CEO, Minister, Premier On America’s Cup

“We learned a lot from the America’s Cup in 2017″ and so we could “probably do it a little better” however there are “some other things that we should also be going after,” Bermuda has a “strong and long history” with sailing, and “rinse and repeat is not a tourism strategy,” are a few of […]




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Port Royal Join BTA’s Anchor Training Program

Port Royal Golf Course, which recently celebrated its 50th anniversary, made time to allow their staff to receive training organized by the Bermuda Tourism Authority. A spokesperson said, “AnchorBDA is City & Guilds certified and was created by the Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] to establish our own industry-recognised designation to empower residents. This designation is […]




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BTA Announces Collaboration With Oprah Daily

The Bermuda Tourism Authority announced a collaboration with Oprah Daily to feature Bermuda’s natural beauty and culture on the travel series Adventures with Gayle and Adam, which premiered on August 9, 2024. A spokesperson said, “The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] has announced the culmination of its collaboration with Oprah Daily, resulting in a featured segment […]




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BTA Aims To Boost Canadian Market

The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] continues to “strengthen its commitment to the Canadian market through targeted activations aimed at driving growth in this key source market. A spokesperson said, “Last week, the BTA partnered with industry partners, Hamilton Princess & Beach Club and BermudAir to promote Bermuda at the Canadian Meetings & Events Expo in […]




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BTA Releases 2024 Mid-Year Tourism Report

The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] has released its visitor metrics for the first half of 2024. A spokesperson said, “The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] has released its visitor metrics for the first half of 2024, revealing significant growth in both air and cruise arrivals, alongside increased visitor spending and notable shifts in travel trends. “Bermuda […]




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Local Artists Featured In BTA New York Initiative

[Updated with video] The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] unveiled its “Paint the Town Pink” initiative which features artwork from three Bermuda artists — Nhuri Bashir, Alshanté Foggo, and Shanna Hollis — in various locations in New York City. A spokesperson said, “The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] has unveiled its “Paint the Town Pink” initiative, a campaign […]




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BTA: Bermuda’s Iconic Style Featured In Vogue

Bermuda’s distinct style has taken centre-stage in Vogue magazine’s latest feature, “In the Birthplace of Bermuda Shorts, the Style Is Always in Season.” A spokesperson said, “The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] is excited to announce Bermuda’s distinct style has taken centre-stage in Vogue magazine’s latest feature, ‘In the Birthplace of Bermuda Shorts, the Style Is […]




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BTA’s Art Month To Showcase Cultural Events

The Bermuda Tourism Authority’s second annual Art Month in October will showcase Bermuda’s vibrant arts scene through cultural events, exhibitions, and special hotel deals for art lovers. A spokesperson said, “The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] is excited to announce the second annual Art Month, running throughout October. This celebration puts a spotlight on Bermuda’s vibrant […]




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Sailing: BTA Supports Match Racing Events

The Bermuda Tourism Authority will support the 2024 Bermuda Gold Cup and Aspen Bermuda Women’s Match Race Regatta from October 29 to November 3. A spokesperson said, “Bermuda Tourism Authority has renewed its long-standing partnership with the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club to support the 2024 Bermuda Gold Cup [for the King Edward VII Gold Cup] […]




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BTA Highlights Bermuda Art Month’s Final Week

As Bermuda’s second annual Art Month draws to a close, the Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] “encourages both locals and visitors to take advantage of the ongoing exhibitions and remaining events that have made this celebration of Bermuda’s vibrant culture and creativity such a success.” A spokesperson said, “While October is nearly over, the exhibits at […]




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BTA: Golf Championship Contributed $17.7M

The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] has released the KPMG Economic Impact Report for the 2023 Butterfield Bermuda Championship, stating that the “event contributed $17.7 million to Bermuda’s economy.” A spokesperson said, “The Bermuda Tourism Authority [BTA] has released the KPMG Economic Impact Report for the 2023 Butterfield Bermuda Championship, revealing that the event contributed $17.7 […]




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BTA Statement On Bermudiana Announcement

“While we are disappointed that the anticipated 110 units at Bermudiana Beach Resort will no longer be added to our hotel stock, we remain committed to promote Bermuda’s hospitality offerings,” the BTA said. This follows after Minister of Public Works Lt/Col David Burch announced that a “decision was made to pivot the Bermudiana Beach Resort […]





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Race, Gender, and LGBTQ+ wage gaps are real – and they end up costing us all

White males make up the largest sector of the U.S. workforce and have, on average, always made the highest salaries. If we compare their salaries to those of women, ethnic minorities, the differently-abled, and LGBTQ+ persons, we see a large disparity between the wages of similarly-qualified candidates in the same fields. The gap is glaring, […]

The post Race, Gender, and LGBTQ+ wage gaps are real – and they end up costing us all appeared first on DiversityJobs.com.




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BT has left my 80-year-old dad without a landline for months

After hours of calls to BT, engineer no-shows, complaints raised and multiple promises, nothing has happened I am desperate to help my 80-year-old dad, JF, and his partner who have been left without a landline for more than two months by BT. This is especially difficult as my dad has relatives in…




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Spot bitcoin ETFs continue strong inflows of $817 million, BTC dips 3.4%

Bitcoin fell 3.4% in the past 24 hours to trade at $86,855, potentially indicating profit-taking by investors, according to a BRN analyst.




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A Guide to Self-Love: From Overcoming Doubt to System-Based Growth

Self-love is a topic we hear about often, but putting it into practice can feel elusive, like trying to hold onto something that keeps slipping away. You know it’s there, but it’s hard to hold on to. The concept of self-love involves valuing oneself and letting go of toxic influences. It’s about stepping back from ... Read more

The post A Guide to Self-Love: From Overcoming Doubt to System-Based Growth appeared first on LifeHack.




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‘Every Voice’ conference celebrates past, present and future of LGBTQ+ Tigers

Princeton's first alumni affinity conference since 2019 welcomed more than 600 alumni and guests to campus Sept. 19-21, for “Every Voice: Honoring and Celebrating Princeton’s LGBTQ+ Alumni.” 




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Typical Democrat: Harris Raised One BILLION for her Campaign… Ended it $20 Million In Debt

In what seems like the work of a typical Democrat, Kama Harris raised one billion dollars for her campaign… and finished it $20 million in debt. Imagine what she would have done to the United States which would have started out bankrupt if Harris had entered the White House. How do you have an actual […]

The post Typical Democrat: Harris Raised One BILLION for her Campaign… Ended it $20 Million In Debt appeared first on The Lid.





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Sport | Springbok injuries: Sacha on the mend, doubt remains over Kitshoff future

Springbok team doctor Jerome Mampane says that injured utility back Sacha Feinberg-Mngomezulu is recovering well.




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Newsroom: US mortgage debt to surpass $14 trillion in 2022

January 12, 2022 (New York, NY) – The total value of residential mortgage debt in the US will continue to experience solid growth into 2022 and 2023. In our inaugural […]




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Can I? When Doubt Kills Your Ideas

Alright! The Muses sing, drawing you to the desk, pump your veins with hot blood and fill your mind with combustible imagination. You’re on fire and ready to write. The idea once tumbling in your mind is bucking with life and wants to breath words on your screen. It’s awesome. You’re awesome. All is good.

Then the passions temper under the cool, steady light of your computer screen. The process of fleshing out your idea with words demands time. So much so, you feel the vibrant energy of your story suffocate under the process. Now you’re using the logical, analytical side of your brain. Each scene or circumstance demands continuity and must fit into the internal logic of your world. Everything must make sense; else the reader will dismiss this pile of junk for amateur hubris.

With logic comes the questions. A train of them, each rumbling down the tracks uncaring of the idea which once bucked in the stables of your mind, eager for freedom, now tied to the rails. All of the doubts can easily be summarized into “Can I?”

Of course, this isn’t the real question haunting the halls of your mind.

Continue reading Can I? When Doubt Kills Your Ideas at Mythic Scribes.




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Independent Thinking: Will debt constrain Western foreign policy?

Independent Thinking: Will debt constrain Western foreign policy? Audio john.pollock

Patrick Wintour and Ranil Dissanayake join the podcast ahead of the UK Budget to discuss the high debt facing G7 economies and its impact on foreign, defence and development policies.

On this episode

Ahead of a crucial Budget by Chancellor Rachel Reeves, UK national debt is at almost 100 per cent of GDP and it’s not alone. Many G7 economies face massive debt levels, restricting ambitions when it comes to foreign policy and global engagement. 

Bronwen Maddox is joined by Patrick Wintour, the Guardian’s diplomatic editor and Ranil Dissanayake, a senior research fellow at the Centre for Global Development. With them are Olivia O’Sullivan and David Lubin from Chatham House.

About Independent Thinking

Independent Thinking is a weekly international affairs podcast hosted by our director Bronwen Maddox, in conversation with leading policymakers, journalists, and Chatham House experts providing insight on the latest international issues.

More ways to listen: Apple Podcasts, Spotify.




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The UK needs to address growth and debt problems if it is to match resources to ambitions on international priorities

The UK needs to address growth and debt problems if it is to match resources to ambitions on international priorities Expert comment LJefferson

The budget marks the lowest amount in decades the country has spent on development, and it is struggling to fund other international priorities too.

The UK’s Chancellor Rachel Reeves unveiled her much-anticipated budget last week, the first of the new Labour government. Labour is in a difficult place. There are numerous calls on the public purse and public services are not performing well. Meanwhile, public debt remains close to 100 per cent of GDP, and there has been a long run of sluggish growth.
 
Reeves argues with some justification that the previous government left her a challenging inheritance – gaps in this year’s spending plans, and persistent debt questions left unresolved. More importantly, there are longer-term concerns about the sustainability of UK public spending – the country’s Office for Budget Responsibility has warned public debt could triple by the 2070s due to an ageing population, the climate crisis, and security risks. The focus has understandably been on kitchen table questions about tax rises and funding public services.
 
But this picture also has longstanding implications for international policy – on whether the UK can afford to invest in its foreign policy. The Chancellor did announce an increase of £2.9bn for defence. But the question of whether the UK can get on a sustainable path to spending 2.5 per cent of GDP on defence is still being worked through in the ongoing Strategic Review, and remains challenging despite increasingly urgent warnings from parliamentary committees about the UK’s defence readiness.

The budget also marks one of the lowest amounts in recent years the UK will spend on development overseas, despite setting an ambition to reset relations with the Global South and recover the UK’s role as a leader in international development.
  
The UK needs to either match resources to ambition, spend much more efficiently, or, in the case of the aid budget, it could seek to focus on priorities that are less dependent on spending. But even this will still require consistent resources, alongside significant diplomatic attention, intellectual leadership, and focus.

Longer-term, the UK may need to consider larger questions: addressing broader problems with its lack of growth and productivity will be critical to fund an expansive international role.

With this budget, UK aid spent overseas is at a historic low

In 2020 the UK government cut its goal for spending on international development to 0.5 per cent of Gross National Income (GNI), ending a longstanding policy of spending 0.7 per cent. Labour have echoed this, promising to only return to previous levels when fiscal circumstances allow.
 
But this masks a bigger issue. Since 2022, significant amounts of the UK’s aid budget have been spent on accommodation for asylum seekers in the UK. This is within the rules governing aid, but reduces the amount spent on reducing poverty overseas. In 2023 this spending was 28 per cent of the £15.4bn aid budget. In 2016, it was 3.2 per cent

Previous Chancellor Jeremy Hunt quietly allowed a top-up of aid spending over the last two fiscal years to offset how much is being spent at home on asylum seeker accommodation. That provided an additional £2.5 billion for 2022–23 and 2023–24.

But Rachel Reeves declined to provide extra funding this time, meaning the amount being spent overseas is likely the lowest its been since 2007 – an effective cut – under a Labour government.

The Minister for Development, Anneliese Dodds, speaking at Chatham House last month, said the government is working on clearing the backlog of asylum claims, which should free up more to spend overseas.

But beyond this there has been little clarity on plans to address the issue. And costs for asylum seeker accommodation have increased significantly – the UK appears to spend much more than comparator countries per head, according to the Center for Global Development, raising questions about how this spending is managed.

Development is not just about money – but money is important

The UK debate about development has often focused on the 0.7 per cent figure, which can distract from larger questions about what development policy is intended to achieve. As many experts have argued, development aid is about more than spending, and the wider, complex process by which the UK contributes to broad-based growth and stability for poorer countries is not about hitting a specific number.
 
There are things the UK can do that aren’t about spending more directly. This might include focusing on priorities like reforming multilateral development banks so they provide more low-cost public finance, and more flexible and agile loans to poorer countries – a priority echoed by Dodds. It might also incorporate focusing more broadly on helping developing countries attract more investment to bolster growth. 

The UK debate about development has often focused on the 0.7 per cent figure, which can distract from larger questions about what development policy is intended to achieve. 

There is also the issue of developing country debt, much of which is held by the private sector. Dodds previously said, when she was shadow chancellor, she might consider changing the law to address this issue. However,  she declined to recommit to this when questioned at Chatham House. 

None of this can be done unilaterally – on debt, for example, the UK has spearheaded some creative policies. Its UK Export Finance body developed climate-resilient debt clauses – agreements that countries can pause debt repayments in the event of a climate shock – but the UK holds limited amounts of developing country debt. Impact will only come by galvanizing and coordinating others to adopt similar approaches.




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Should Debt in the Developing World be Cancelled?




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20 Years On: Removal of the Ban on LGBTIQ+ Personnel Serving in the UK Armed Forces




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Undercurrents: Episode 61 - LGBTQ+ Rights, and China's Post-COVID Global Standing




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Regulation of hepatic secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins: information obtained from cultured liver cells

JL Dixon
Feb 1, 1993; 34:167-179
Reviews





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Ski resort announces immediate closure as relentless threat brings fewer visitors and increases debts: 'I feel like I'm in mourning'




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Emerging Economies: Where is the Debt Problem?

16 July 2020

David Lubin

Associate Fellow, Global Economy and Finance Programme
Just two months ago it appeared self-evident that emerging economies faced a devastating inability to service their foreign debt, mostly denominated in dollars. That has turned out to be wrong, for now at least.

2020-07-16-India-Banking

Yes Bank branch of Malcha Marg, in New Delhi, India. Photo by Vipin Kumar/Hindustan Times via Getty Images.

Back in April, nervousness about external debts reached its peak when highly-respected economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff suggested emerging economies with less than a AAA credit rating be offered a moratorium on all their external debt service payments.

Although such a proposal might make sense if emerging economies were actually facing any serious shortage of access to foreign exchange, it is a difficult case to make. What we should worry about is not the external debt of emerging economies, but rather the large increases in government debts denominated in their own currencies.

In the first six months of 2020, borrowers from emerging economies issued more than $400 billion of Eurobonds to international investors, up by one-fifth over the same period in 2019. Most of these bonds were sold by borrowers with relatively high credit ratings, but many of the poorest countries do not fear for their access to international capital markets - largely because the US Federal Reserve increased global supply of dollars to a point where their availability is beyond question.

Much of the panic about emerging economies’ external debt comes from ‘sticker shock’ - the bald fact that developing countries’ external debt rose by $4.1 trillion in the decade to 2018 generates much hand-wringing.

But the increase in gross external debt of developing countries looks a lot scarier than the net increase in debt, which sets off a country’s foreign assets - mostly foreign exchange reserves - against its liabilities. And it is net that counts.

At the end of 2018, foreign exchange reserves covered 70% of the external debt of low and middle income developing countries - much lower than a decade ago, when that coverage was above 100%. But in the 1980s and 1990s – two decades of financial instability largely because of excessive foreign debt – the coverage was 15%. By that measure, we are far from crisis territory.

Complacency about the external debt burden of developing countries is quite wrong. But, if complacency is misplaced, so is panic.

The debt growing most worryingly is the domestic debt of governments. There are large, systemically important emerging economies who will suffer eye-watering increases in public debt this year thanks to a combination of collapsing GDP and the fiscal effort needed to save lives.

In Brazil, public debt is rising from 75% GDP last year to a level that could top 100% in 2020. South African public debt is rising from just over 60% last year to something close to 80% GDP. These are truly unprecedented levels of debt.

So why worry about a government’s domestic debt? These are debts which are denominated in these countries’ own currency. So surely the central bank can just print the currency needed to repay their obligations if more conventional solutions – such as tax increases – will not work.

But it is one thing for the US Federal Reserve to increase supply of dollars on a massive scale, since the world is hungry for them - it is quite another thing if emerging economies do the same with their currencies which almost entirely lack the many attractions of the dollar. That remains the currency of the pre-eminent global superpower whose capital markets offer legal certainty and depth of liquidity. And other highly developed economies have a similar privilege.

And yet printing money – in effect, asking the central bank to finance budget deficits – does seem as though it could become a more attractive option for many emerging countries. Importantly, international fund managers have lost interest in buying bonds issued by emerging economy governments in their local currencies. Just a few years ago, foreign investors owned more than 40% of South Africa’s public debt. That has fallen sharply to 30% and is unlikely to rise.

Monetising budget deficits was once anathema, since it was routinely associated with uncontrolled rates of inflation - bad news not only for firms trying to decide whether to invest but also for the poor, who suffer disproportionately when inflation accelerates.

Right now there are emerging economies – such as Indonesia – whose central banks lend directly to the government, and the sky has not fallen in. The rupiah has been remarkably stable this year. However, there are other examples – Argentina, Turkey – where central bank financing of government deficits has been associated with uncomfortably high inflation rates.

This needs careful watching. The biggest risk is the accumulation of public debt threatening longer-term growth. If firms stop investing because they worry about the risks to the value of their currency as domestic public debt explodes, emerging economies will have a tough time growing their way out of these debts.

It could be this, rather than the external debt of emerging economies, that is the biggest risk to the post-coronavirus economic environment in the developing world.




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Climbing out of the Chinese debt trap

Climbing out of the Chinese debt trap The World Today mhiggins.drupal 1 August 2022

Beijing must play a pivotal role in soothing African economic distress, says Alex Vines.

Poorer countries across the world – including many in Africa – are facing $35 billion in debt-service payments in 2022. According to the World Bank, around 40 per cent of this total is owed to China.

Across the African continent, the economic impacts of the coronavirus pandemic have increased rates of extreme poverty and inequality. Since early 2022 the situation has worsened even further, due to the knock-on effects of spiking inflation and interest rates following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Shortages of fuel and foodstuffs have caused prices to leap upwards. Urban unrest is on the rise, and African governments are having to make tough economic choices as their budgets are squeezed ever more tightly.

Across the continent, progress on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals is being jeopardized, and non-energy-producing lower and lower-middle income African governments are struggling to repay their loans.

During the Covid pandemic, the G20 assisted 31 out of 36 eligible African countries with its Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI). Established in May 2020, the DSSI helped countries concentrate their resources on fighting the pandemic and safeguarding the lives and livelihoods of millions of the most vulnerable people before it expired at the end of 2021. From 2022, it has been replaced by the G20’s Common Framework for Debt Treatments.

As the second-largest economy in the world after the United States, and the dominant lender for many African states, China has an important role to play in such initiatives. Beijing still tries to keep a low profile and renegotiate its terms on a bilateral basis – although it did support Angola’s early call for G20 action on an initiative that would fulfil what the DSSI delivered. The challenge is to encourage more consistency and trust in such initiatives, as Chinese officials consider them to be too western-oriented. 
 

China’s lending to Africa peaked in 2016

Contemporary views of Chinese lending in Africa remain coloured by the rapid expansion of Chinese finance from the early 2000s to resource-rich African states, and oil producers in particular. The reality is that much of China’s lending has evolved, and is neither intrinsically predatory nor problematic for African partners – and China increasingly prefers to do business with states it considers to be better run.

In fact, as commodity prices and growth rates declined from 2015, Chinese lending to Africa fell significantly, from a peak of $29.5 billion in 2016 to $7.6 billion in 2019. The socio-economic impact of the pandemic has made this situation worse.

Over the past two decades, Chinese finance has contributed to an infrastructure boom in many African countries

That China has attracted criticism is often due to a lack of transparency in its investments, especially those in Kenya and Zambia. This reputation has not been helped by opaque lending arrangements imposed by Chinese state-owned banks, requiring borrowers to prioritize them for repayment. This could lead to cutbacks in key areas of social spending, with direct impacts on African communities.

Over the past two decades, Chinese finance has contributed to an infrastructure boom in many African countries. Angola, for example, was able to undertake a rapid post-conflict reconstruction of its infrastructure, with new roads and bridges being built across the country. New models of financing are being developed: in Kenya, the new Nairobi expressway was constructed under a $600 million Build-Operate-Transfer model that provides for ownership to revert to the national government after a 30-year concession period.

Chinese companies have helped African countries build and upgrade over 10,000km of railway, around 100,000km of highway, 1,000 bridges and 100 ports, as well as power plants, hospitals and schools.

China’s involvement in African debt has varied considerably between countries and over time. Although in recent years this involvement has been framed in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, it has for the most part been uncoordinated and unplanned, with credit being offered by competing lenders with links to different elements of the Chinese state.

In recent years, as reports have emerged around the poor quality of some of China’s past lending, the authorities in Beijing have sought greater control over new development lending and have imposed new sustainability requirements. At the same time, African countries have sought to diversify sources of supply for infrastructure contracts beyond China. Loans are generally now on a smaller, more manageable scale.

With the introduction of its Global Development Initiative in September 2021, there are indications that China is moving to a ‘new development paradigm’, with the emphasis on providing flows of foreign direct investment rather than loans and a focus on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, human capital investments and green development.
 

African debt distress

A paper drawing on expertise from Chatham House’s Africa, Asia and Global Economy and Finance experts will be published before the G20 summit in Bali in November 2022. It examines seven African countries that the World Bank deemed in 2020 to be in most debt distress or at risk of debt distress because of their Chinese stock – Angola, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia. Two countries – Côte d’Ivoire and South Africa – have received new loans from China and are not in any distress.

The paper observes that a lack of transparency over the nature of the terms agreed by these African governments has led to intense domestic criticism and international accusations that China is seeking control over strategic assets.

China may have fallen into its own debt trap through profligate and uncoordinated lending to Angola and Zambia


In fact, in Angola and Zambia, China may have accidently fallen into its own debt trap through profligate and uncoordinated lending.

Zambia became the first pandemic-era default in 2020 and is seeking relief on $17 billion of external debt. After holding general elections in August 2022, Angola and Kenya will also seek additional debt relief, but both may also seek more funds from the private commercial market because of the slow progress of the G20’s Common Framework – something flagged as a concern by China.

All seven of the countries that are most indebted to China are actively seeking to reduce this financial reliance on Beijing in the future.

China has a pivotal role to play in finding effective solutions to these and other African countries’ debt distress. Improved coordination and cooperation between creditors in China and in other parts the world could enhance the positive impact of multilateral initiatives, such as the Common Framework, which has aimed to bring China and India to the negotiating table along with the IMF, the Paris Club group of creditor nations and private creditors.

So far, Chad, Ethiopia and Zambia are the only African countries to have signed up to the framework since its launch in 2020. Although China is suspicious of the IMF, if African states collectively encouraged Beijing to engage with the Common Framework, it could be improved so as to provide debt relief to those African countries finding it difficult to repay their loans.




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Proteomic analyses identify differentially expressed proteins and pathways between low-risk and high-risk subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and their prognostic impacts

Juntuo Zhou
Nov 30, 2020; 0:RA120.002384v1-mcp.RA120.002384
Research




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Analytical Guidelines for co-fractionation Mass Spectrometry Obtained through Global Profiling of Gold Standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein Complexes [Research]

Co-fractionation MS (CF-MS) is a technique with potential to characterize endogenous and unmanipulated protein complexes on an unprecedented scale. However this potential has been offset by a lack of guidelines for best-practice CF-MS data collection and analysis. To obtain such guidelines, this study thoroughly evaluates novel and published Saccharomyces cerevisiae CF-MS data sets using very high proteome coverage libraries of yeast gold standard complexes. A new method for identifying gold standard complexes in CF-MS data, Reference Complex Profiling, and the Extending 'Guilt-by-Association' by Degree (EGAD) R package are used for these evaluations, which are verified with concurrent analyses of published human data. By evaluating data collection designs, which involve fractionation of cell lysates, it is found that near-maximum recall of complexes can be achieved with fewer samples than published studies. Distributing sample collection across orthogonal fractionation methods, rather than a single high resolution data set, leads to particularly efficient recall. By evaluating 17 different similarity scoring metrics, which are central to CF-MS data analysis, it is found that two metrics rarely used in past CF-MS studies – Spearman and Kendall correlations – and the recently introduced Co-apex metric frequently maximize recall, whereas a popular metric—Euclidean distance—delivers poor recall. The common practice of integrating external genomic data into CF-MS data analysis is also evaluated, revealing that this practice may improve the precision and recall of known complexes but is generally unsuitable for predicting novel complexes in model organisms. If studying nonmodel organisms using orthologous genomic data, it is found that particular subsets of fractionation profiles (e.g. the lowest abundance quartile) should be excluded to minimize false discovery. These assessments are summarized in a series of universally applicable guidelines for precise, sensitive and efficient CF-MS studies of known complexes, and effective predictions of novel complexes for orthogonal experimental validation.




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Proteomic analyses identify differentially expressed proteins and pathways between low-risk and high-risk subtypes of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and their prognostic impacts [Research]

The histopathological subtype of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is closely associated with prognosis. Micropapillary or solid predominant LUAD tends to relapse after surgery at an early stage, whereas lepidic pattern shows a favorable outcome. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we recruited 31 lepidic predominant LUADs (LR: low-risk subtype group) and 28 micropapillary or solid predominant LUADs (HR: high-risk subtype group). Tissues of these cases were obtained and label-free quantitative proteomic and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Additionally, prognostic impact of targeted proteins was validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas databases (n=492) and tissue microarrays composed of early-stage LUADs (n=228). A total of 192 differentially expressed proteins were identified between tumor tissues of LR and HR and three clusters were identified via hierarchical clustering excluding eight proteins. Cluster 1 (65 proteins) showed a sequential decrease in expression from normal tissues to tumor tissues of LR and then to HR and was predominantly enriched in pathways such as tyrosine metabolism and ECM-receptor interaction, and increased matched mRNA expression of 18 proteins from this cluster predicted favorable prognosis. Cluster 2 (70 proteins) demonstrated a sequential increase in expression from normal tissues to tumor tissues of LR and then to HR and was mainly enriched in pathways such as extracellular organization, DNA replication and cell cycle, and high matched mRNA expression of 25 proteins indicated poor prognosis. Cluster 3 (49 proteins) showed high expression only in LR, with high matched mRNA expression of 20 proteins in this cluster indicating favorable prognosis. Furthermore, high expression of ERO1A and FEN1 at protein level predicted poor prognosis in early-stage LUAD, supporting the mRNA results. In conclusion, we discovered key differentially expressed proteins and pathways between low-risk and high-risk subtypes of early-stage LUAD. Some of these proteins could serve as potential biomarkers in prognostic evaluation.