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Quick Steps; What are they and why should you use them?

I’ve heard about Quick Steps before and see them on the Ribbon in Outlook but I’ve never used them before.

What exactly are Quick Steps and how can they help me with managing my emails?




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Why do hospitals keep running out of generic drugs?

There's something strange going on in hospitals. Cheap, common drugs that nurses use every day seem to be constantly hit by shortages. These are often generic drugs that don't seem super complicated to make, things like dextrose and saline (aka sugar water and salt water).

So what's going on? The answer, as with anything in healthcare, is complicated.

On today's show: why hospitals keep running out of generic drugs. The story behind these shortages tells us a lot about how these drugs are made, bought and sold–and, it shows us how these markets can falter without the proper care.

This episode was hosted by Sally Helm and Alexi Horowitz-Ghazi. It was produced by Willa Rubin, with help from James Sneed and Sam Yellowhorse Kesler. It was edited by Martina Castro. Fact-checking by Dania Suleman. Planet Money's executive producer is Alex Goldmark.

Help support
Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.




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Veneers are rising in popularity. Why you should trust doctors over technicians

NPR's Ayesha Rascoe speaks with Dr. Nicole Cheek, a dentist in Washington, D.C., about the risks of getting dental veneers by a non-dentist.




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Humans on Mars? Here's why you shouldn't plan a space move anytime soon

As global warming continues and space technology improves, there is more and more talk about the growing possibility of a sci-fi future in which humans become a multiplanetary species. Specifically, that we could live on Mars. Biologist Kelly Weinersmith and cartoonist Zach Weinersmith have spent the last four years researching what this would look like if we did this anytime soon. In their new book A City On Mars, they get into all sorts of questions: How would we have babies in space? How would we have enough food? They join host Regina G. Barber and explain why it might be best to stay on Earth.

Kelly and Zach Weinersmith's book A City On Mars is out now.

Have another space story you want us to cover on a future episode? Email us at shortwave@npr.orgwe'd love to hear from you!




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350: Hymn Composed by St. Ephrem the Great | Mar Aprim Rabba...

350: Hymn Composed by St. Ephrem the Great | Mar Aprim Rabba (nightly bedtime prayer)



  • 300-399 A.D. Assyrian History

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City Of Zephyrhills, Zephyrhills FL United States

Create An Account Increase Your Productivity Customize Your Experience And Engage In Information You Care... Jim Werme, Zephyrhills, FL, United States




  • City Of Zephyrhills

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Liturgy, Hymns & Songs of the Assyrian Church of the East

Liturgy, Hymns & Songs of the Assyrian Church of the East




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Digital Integrated Circuit Physical Design Engineer

Tukwila, WA United States - Job Description At Boeing, we innovate and collaborate to make the world a better place. From the seabed to outer space, you can contribute to work that matters with a company where diversity, equity and inclusion are shared values. We’re committed to fostering an en... View




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Digital Integrated Circuit Physical Design Engineer

Huntington Beach, CA United States - Job Description At Boeing, we innovate and collaborate to make the world a better place. From the seabed to outer space, you can contribute to work that matters with a company where diversity, equity and inclusion are shared values. We’re committed to foster... View




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China reveals Mach 7 hypersonic weapon design that can deploy missiles, drones




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Stratigraphy, facies and paleogeography of Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks of northern Yukon and northwest Mackenzie District, N.W.T. (NTS-107B, 106M, 117A, 116O (N1/2), 116I, 116H, 116J, 116K (E1/2))

Re-release; Jeletzky, J A. 1972, 72 pages (3 sheets), https://doi.org/10.4095/129163




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Climate hypocrites are all tell, no show

Many celebrities are full of sermons about how you need to save the planet. Often, they are the very same ones maximizing their own carbon footprints by flying on private jets. This has long been known, but the internet has now made it significantly easier to quantify their hypocrisy.




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The Biology Of Why Coronavirus Is So Deadly

The Biology Of Why Coronavirus Is So Deadly

COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses belong to a group of viruses that infect animals, from peacocks to whales. They’re named for the bulb-tipped spikes that project from the virus’s surface and give the appearance of a corona surrounding it.

A coronavirus infection usually plays out one of two ways: as an infection in the lungs that includes some cases of what people would call the common cold, or as an infection in the gut that causes diarrhea. COVID-19 starts out in the lungs like the common cold coronaviruses, but then causes havoc with the immune system that can lead to long-term lung damage or death.

SARS-CoV-2 is genetically very similar to other human respiratory coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the subtle genetic differences translate to significant differences in how readily a coronavirus infects people and how it makes them sick.

 

SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (pink dots) on a dying cell. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH

 

SARS-CoV-2 has all the same genetic equipment as the original SARS-CoV, which caused a global outbreak in 2003, but with around 6,000 mutations sprinkled around in the usual places where coronaviruses change. Think whole milk versus skim milk.

Compared to other human coronaviruses like MERS-CoV, which emerged in the Middle East in 2012, the new virus has customized versions of the same general equipment for invading cells and copying itself. However, SARS-CoV-2 has a totally different set of genes called accessories, which give this new virus a little advantage in specific situations. For example, MERS has a particular protein that shuts down a cell’s ability to sound the alarm about a viral intruder. SARS-CoV-2 has an unrelated gene with an as-yet unknown function in that position in its genome. Think cow milk versus almond milk.

 

How the virus infects

 

Every coronavirus infection starts with a virus particle, a spherical shell that protects a single long string of genetic material and inserts it into a human cell. The genetic material instructs the cell to make around 30 different parts of the virus, allowing the virus to reproduce. The cells that SARS-CoV-2 prefers to infect have a protein called ACE2 on the outside that is important for regulating blood pressure.

The infection begins when the long spike proteins that protrude from the virus particle latch on to the cell’s ACE2 protein. From that point, the spike transforms, unfolding and refolding itself using coiled spring-like parts that start out buried at the core of the spike. The reconfigured spike hooks into the cell and crashes the virus particle and cell together. This forms a channel where the string of viral genetic material can snake its way into the unsuspecting cell.

An illustration of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shown from the side (left) and top. The protein latches onto human lung cells. 5-HT2AR/Wikimedia

SARS-CoV-2 spreads from person to person by close contact. The Shincheonji Church outbreak in South Korea in February provides a good demonstration of how and how quickly SARS-CoV-2 spreads. It seems one or two people with the virus sat face to face very close to uninfected people for several minutes at a time in a crowded room. Within two weeks, several thousand people in the country were infected, and more than half of the infections at that point were attributable to the church. The outbreak got to a fast start because public health authorities were unaware of the potential outbreak and were not testing widely at that stage. Since then, authorities have worked hard and the number of new cases in South Korea has been falling steadily.

 

How the virus makes people sick

 

SARS-CoV-2 grows in type II lung cells, which secrete a soap-like substance that helps air slip deep into the lungs, and in cells lining the throat. As with SARS, most of the damage in COVID-19, the illness caused by the new coronavirus, is caused by the immune system carrying out a scorched earth defense to stop the virus from spreading. Millions of cells from the immune system invade the infected lung tissue and cause massive amounts of damage in the process of cleaning out the virus and any infected cells.

Each COVID-19 lesion ranges from the size of a grape to the size of a grapefruit. The challenge for health care workers treating patients is to support the body and keep the blood oxygenated while the lung is repairing itself.

 

How SARS-CoV-2 infects, sickens and kills people

 

SARS-CoV-2 has a sliding scale of severity. Patients under age 10 seem to clear the virus easily, most people under 40 seem to bounce back quickly, but older people suffer from increasingly severe COVID-19. The ACE2 protein that SARS-CoV-2 uses as a door to enter cells is also important for regulating blood pressure, and it does not do its job when the virus gets there first. This is one reason COVID-19 is more severe in people with high blood pressure.

SARS-CoV-2 is more severe than seasonal influenza in part because it has many more ways to stop cells from calling out to the immune system for help. For example, one way that cells try to respond to infection is by making interferon, the alarm signaling protein. SARS-CoV-2 blocks this by a combination of camouflage, snipping off protein markers from the cell that serve as distress beacons and finally shredding any anti-viral instructions that the cell makes before they can be used. As a result, COVID-19 can fester for a month, causing a little damage each day, while most people get over a case of the flu in less than a week.

At present, the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is a little higher than that of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, but SARS-CoV-2 is at least 10 times as deadly. From the data that is available now, COVID-19 seems a lot like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), though it’s less likely than SARS to be severe.

 

What isn’t known

 

There are still many mysteries about this virus and coronaviruses in general – the nuances of how they cause disease, the way they interact with proteins inside the cell, the structure of the proteins that form new viruses and how some of the basic virus-copying machinery works.

Another unknown is how COVID-19 will respond to changes in the seasons. The flu tends to follow cold weather, both in the northern and southern hemispheres. Some other human coronaviruses spread at a low level year-round, but then seem to peak in the spring. But nobody really knows for sure why these viruses vary with the seasons.

What is amazing so far in this outbreak is all the good science that has come out so quickly. The research community learned about structures of the virus spike protein and the ACE2 protein with part of the spike protein attached just a little over a month after the genetic sequence became available. I spent my first 20 or so years working on coronaviruses without the benefit of either. This bodes well for better understanding, preventing and treating COVID-19.

By Benjamin Neuman, Professor of Biology, Texas A&M University-Texarkana. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

The Conversation Thu, 04/02/2020 - 14:02
Categories




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Why do the Washington Wizards keep honoring a Chinese Communist?

The NBA’s groveling to China has slipped from public view in recent months, but the Washington Wizards are doing what they can to remind everyone that the league is in bed with a genocidal regime.




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The Debrief with Conn Carroll: Why Wizards and Capitals are leaving DC

Washington Examiner Commentary Editor Conn Carroll joins Investigations Editor Sarah Bedford to discuss how Washington, D.C., has been wrecked by crime and why the Wizards and Capitals are moving out of the district, as well as the border talks occurring in the Senate.




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Growing need. Glaring gaps. Why mental health care can be a struggle for autistic youth

Autistic people and their families say they can't find adequate help in their communities before they reach a crisis point.




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The CDC says September and October are generally the best times for most people to get a COVID shot, though there are other factors to consider.




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Why AI is better than humans at talking people out of their conspiracy theory beliefs

An AI chatbot was able to persuade people to reconsider their beliefs in conspiracy theories about the JFK assassination, the moon landing and election fraud.




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Opinion: The evidence shows women make better doctors. So why do men still dominate medicine?

Research suggests that the patients of female physicians' fare better on average. But old-fashioned sexism is still a barrier to their success in the profession.




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Former Caltech and Google scientists win physics Nobel for pioneering artificial intelligence

John Hopfield dreamed up the modern neural network while at Caltech. Geoffrey Hinton built on it, creating an AI firm that Google bought for $44 million.




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Microdosing Ozempic? Why some people are playing doctor with weight-loss drugs

As demand for popular weight-loss drugs like Wegovy and Zepbound skyrockets, patients are taking dosage amounts into their own hands.




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Jim Williams: Tennis legend Chris Evert believes Serena Williams will take home French Open trophy

In the long storied history of the French Open, few men or women has been more successful on the red clay of Roland Garros than Chris Evert. She holds a record nine French Open titles: seven singles championships and two in doubles. Evert's 94-15 record at the French Open is the best winning percentage in the history of the event.




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Maryland teachers union representative suspended for antisemitic posts targeting local wealthy Jews

A Maryland teacher has reportedly been suspended after being accused of spreading antisemitic social media posts.




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Opinion: Why the push to legalize gambling on U.S. elections is so dangerous

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission denied financial services firm Kalshi's bid to allow betting on control of Congress. Now the company is suing to overturn the decision.




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Opinion: Happy birthday, Amazon? Why one longtime user isn't celebrating the tech behemoth's 30th

Along with Google and Facebook, the company has done more than most to undo privacy as we once knew it, creating an economy built on our personal data.




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Some Silicon Valley investors are vocally backing Trump due to concerns about how the government is regulating cryptocurrency, its policies on AI and the threat of an increase in capital gains taxes.




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After a glitchy start, Trump encounters a sympathetic interviewer in Elon Musk

Former President Trump returned to X, formerly Twitter, posting multiple videos as he seeks to rebuild momentum for his flagging campaign.




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He's training the world's next microchip leaders. Here's why he worries

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New laws close gap in California on deepfake child pornography

Two bills newly signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom outlaw the possession and distribution of sexually charged images of minors even when they're created with computers, not cameras.




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Why Do Dogs Wag Their Tails?

Chasing dog tails for answers, researchers explore the reasons behind the quintessential tail wagging of these furry four-legged friends.




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Why Do We Use Gasoline for Small Vehicles and Diesel Fuel for Big Vehicles?

Green pump for diesel, blue for gas – but what’s the difference?




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7 Affiliate marketing tips to become a trustworthy affiliate

Affiliate marketing is a great way to make money online. There are various benefits to it. One of the major benefits that attracts me is that with affiliate marketing, you don’t need to create a product in order to make sales. Creating a product is a tedious task (although for some businesses, this cannot be […]




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OEM Orange Beaded Stretchy Charm Bracelet.

Orange beaded strecthy charm bracelet with cross, leaf, fish and heart pattern. Cross symbolizes Sacred Leaf symbolizes Health Fish symbolizes Luck/Wealth Heart symbolizes Love. Price: USD7.55




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Tips and Tricks for Healthy Legs

This article, extract from Venosan brochure, explains the veins and their functions, the causes of venous disease as well as therapy like physiotherapy and compression therapy. Also highlights important tips like recommended activities and things to avoid.




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Gen Heywood's photography exhibition at Gonzaga University Urban Art Center explores the potency of two American icons

It's a scary time of year, but not because of Halloween…



  • Arts & Culture

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Featuring pieces by 20th and 21st century composers, Spokane Symphony's next Masterworks concert is jazzy, rhythmic and uniquely American

The first time that pianist Sara Davis Buechner felt what she calls "the real spiritual power" of George Gershwin's music, she was 23 and building a reputation for virtuoso playing on the international concert circuit…



  • Arts & Culture

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Why Washington is knowingly violating its own laws in the treatment of mentally ill suspects

In the early morning of June 10, 2015, Dennis Platz woke up to go open the gate to his Colbert property and let in his neighbor, Dan Carver, who planned to borrow a field sprayer…



  • News/Local News

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Here's why I love Glass Animals so f---ing much

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A beautiful #nofilter kind of day at @virtuecider. Why is it ~60 degrees F in Michigan during February, though? :snowflake::sunny:

marusin posted a photo:

via Instagram ift.tt/2kCiauV




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The Original Gospel Harmonettes Ftg Dorothy Love Coates - The Collection 1949 to 62. 9 squares




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'Sweet Tooth' Offers First look at DC Universe's Hybrid Post-Apocalypse World in Teaser

In a surprising twist, the upcoming Netflix series is executive produced by Robert Downey, Jr., who is famously known as Iron Man in Marvel Cinematic Universe, and his wife Susan Downey.




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Olly Alexander Confirms Reunion With Bandmate Mikey Goldsworthy

The 'It's a Sin' actor reveals one of his Years and Years bandmates is returning as a touring member, only a year after departing the group in March 2020.




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Brody Jenner Tells Kaitlynn Carter Why He Found Her Summer Fling With Miley Cyrus 'Gnarly'

In a teaser clip for season 2 of 'The Hills: New Beginnings', the son of Caitlyn Jenner gets honest about him being blindsided by his ex-wife's choice of partner following their separation.




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Tiffany Haddish Reveals Why She Prefers Adopting to Going Through Surrogacy

Getting serious about prepping for her future family with boyfriend Common, the former 'Kids Say the Darndest Things' host says that she is currently enrolled in parenting classes.




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Brody Jenner Tells Kaitlynn Carter Why He Found Her Summer Fling With Miley Cyrus 'Gnarly'

In a teaser clip for season 2 of 'The Hills: New Beginnings', the son of Caitlyn Jenner gets honest about him being blindsided by his ex-wife's choice of partner following their separation.




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Lockdown photography collection to be published

Dutch photographer living in Birmingham features his adopted home town.




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Photography exhibition part of Birmingham 2022 Festival

Blood & Fire: Our Journey Through Vanley Burke's History to open in Handsworth.






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University’s hydrogen car to star at top engineering show

Coventry University and its successful spin-off firm Microcab are set to show off their zero-emission vehicle expertise at the 2013 Automotive Engineering Show at the NEC in Birmingham next week.