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Predicting School-Aged Cognitive Impairment in Children Born Very Preterm

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children born very preterm (VPT) are at high risk of cognitive impairment that impacts their educational and social opportunities. This study examined the predictive accuracy of assessments at 2, 4, 6, and 9 years in identifying preterm children with cognitive impairment by 12 years.

METHODS:

We prospectively studied a regional cohort of 103 children born VPT (≤32 weeks’ gestation) and 109 children born term from birth to corrected age 12 years. Cognitive functioning was assessed by using age-appropriate, standardized measures: Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (age 2); Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (ages 4 and 6); and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (ages 9 and 12).

RESULTS:

By 12 years, children born VPT were more likely to have severe (odds ratio 3.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1–13.5) or any (odds ratio 3.2; 95% confidence interval 1.8–5.6) cognitive impairment compared with children born term. Adopting a severe cognitive impairment criterion at age 2 under-identified 44% of children born VPT with later severe impairment, whereas a more inclusive earlier criterion identified all severely affected children at 12 years. Prediction improved with age, with any delay at age 6 having the highest sensitivity (85%) and positive predictive value (66%) relative to earlier age assessments. Inclusion of family-social circumstances further improved diagnostic accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cognitive risk prediction improves with age, with assessments at 6 years offering optimal diagnostic accuracy. Intervention for children with early mild delay may be beneficial, especially for those raised in socially disadvantaged family contexts.




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Home Chef Meal Delivery Service

True to its name, Home Chef is the homiest of meal services we've tried. The recipes are simple and not too adventurous, but for some home chefs, that's a good thing.




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Liverpool v Atlético facts

An early Saúl Ñíguez goal in Madrid means holders Liverpool once again face a second-leg deficit against Spanish visitors.




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Yaeger selected as the Eberly College Cooperative Education Student of the Year

Emilee Yaeger, an undergraduate student in the Science BS/MBA accelerated joint degree program, has been selected as the recipient of the 2019 Eberly College of Science Cooperative Education Student of the Year Award. The award recognizes the student’s academic achievements and contributions to the participating employer, the University, the community, and the field of cooperative education.




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Fin24.com | Stokvel members urged to be vigilant over festive season as criminals ready to strike

Sabric, a financial crime information centre, shares its tips on staying safe over the festive season.




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Benign Neonatal Shudders, Shivers, Jitteriness, or Tremors: Early Signs of Vitamin D Deficiency

Millicent Collins
Aug 1, 2017; 140:e20160719-e20160719
CASE REPORTS




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Fin24.com | Experts say the Section 12J incentive is misunderstood - we asked them to explain

Many investors do not fully understand the tax incentive and structure of a Section 12J venture capital investment, according to a managing director involved in this sector.




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Volkswagen gives UEFA Futsal EURO 2018 wheels

The 55-vehicle Volkswagen fleet which will transport players and officials at UEFA Futsal EURO 2018 has been handed over to the tournament organisers.




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Hazleton native joins campus athletics department as new trainer

Hazleton native Megan Bobish has joined the Penn State Hazleton Athletics Department as the newest member of its team.




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These School Boards Wanted to Be More Effective, so They Went to Harvard

A new Council of the Great City Schools effort aims to fill in a training gap for an important constituency: school boards.




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A Conservative Agenda for School Board Members

School boards are well positioned to push back against so much of the influences of the "progressive" left on our schools and our society, write Michael J. Petrilli and Chester E. Finn Jr.




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Efficacy and Effectiveness of the PCV-10 and PCV-13 Vaccines Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

CONTEXT:

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) (pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine [PCV-13] and pneumococcal 10-valent conjugate vaccine [PCV-10]) are available for prevention of pneumococcal infections in children.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of PCV-13 and PCV-10 in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and acute otitis media (AOM) in children <5 years.

DATA SOURCES:

Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and Cochrane.

STUDY SELECTION:

Eligible studies examined the direct effectiveness and/or efficacy of PCV-10 and PCV-13 in reducing the incidence of disease in healthy children <5 years.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and methodologic quality assessment.

RESULTS:

Significant effectiveness against vaccine-type IPD in children ≤5 years was reported for ≥1 dose of PCV-13 in the 3 + 1 (86%–96%) and 2 + 1 schedule (67.2%–86%) and for PCV-10 for the 3 + 1 (72.8%–100%) and 2 + 1 schedules (92%–97%). In children <12 months of age, PCV-13 VE against serotype 19A post–primary series was significant for the 3 + 1 but not the 2 + 1 schedule. PCV-10 crossprotection against 19A was significant in children ≤5 years with ≥1 dose (82.2% and 71%). Neither PCVs were found effective against serotype 3. PCV-13 was effective against AOM (86%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 61 to 94). PCV-10 was effective against clinically defined (26.9%; 95% CI: 5.9 to 43.3) and bacteriologically confirmed AOM (43.3%; 95% CI: 1.7 to 67.3).

LIMITATIONS:

Because of the large heterogeneity in studies, a meta-analysis for pooled estimates was not done.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both PCVs afford protection against pneumococcal infections, with PCV-10 protecting against 19A IPD, but this VE has not been verified in the youngest age groups.




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Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children

Abusive head trauma (AHT) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population, especially in young infants. In the past decade, advancements in research have refined medical understanding of the epidemiological, clinical, biomechanical, and pathologic factors comprising the diagnosis, thereby enhancing clinical detection of a challenging diagnostic entity. Failure to recognize AHT and respond appropriately at any step in the process, from medical diagnosis to child protection and legal decision-making, can place children at risk. The American Academy of Pediatrics revises the 2009 policy statement on AHT to incorporate the growing body of knowledge on the topic. Although this statement incorporates some of that growing body of knowledge, it is not a comprehensive exposition of the science. This statement aims to provide pediatric practitioners with general guidance on a complex subject. The Academy recommends that pediatric practitioners remain vigilant for the signs and symptoms of AHT, conduct thorough medical evaluations, consult with pediatric medical subspecialists when necessary, and embrace the challenges and need for strong advocacy on the subject.




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How to Run Windows 10 From a USB Drive

Loading and running Windows 10 from a USB drive is a handy option when you're using a computer saddled with an older version of Windows.




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Google Drive Offline Access Expands to All File Types

Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides can already be saved and edited offline using the web app, but Google is expanding offline access to all file types, as long as you're using Chrome.




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Microsoft Enhances OneDrive With a Personal Vault

Alongside a new protected area of storage, OneDrive and Office 365 storage options are changing for the better.




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Western Digital Launches 5 WD Black External Gaming Drives

Capacities range from 2TB right up to 12TB, with the P50 Game Drive boasting a 'first-to-industry' USB 3.2 gen 2x2 connection and 2,000MB/s read speeds.




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PNY Flash Drives, Memory Cards Are Up to 64 Percent Off at Amazon

You don't have to fork over a bunch of cash to get a bunch of storage. PNY flash drives, SD cards, and portable drives are on sale at Amazon, with prices starting as low as $5.84.




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WD Teases Super-Fast 8TB Portable SSD, New Game Drives

The 8TB SSD prototype includes SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps support; WD also showed off a portable Luxe drive with USB-C and five WD_Black drives for console and PC gamers




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Special Ed. Administrators Press Congress for IDEA Waivers During Pandemic

The requests put the nation's special education administrators in conflict with disability rights advocates who fear waivers will place millions of special education students at risk.




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Betsy DeVos Sees 'No Reason' to Waive Core Elements of Special Education Law

Congress should not grant flexibility from the federal special education law's key components due to the coronavirus pandemic, U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos has told federal lawmakers.




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Falkirk chairman slams Premiership "cabal" and claims they were "deceived" over reconstruction

Falkirk chairman Gary Deans tonight slammed Ladbrokes Premiership clubs for scuppering league reconstruction hopes - and called for change at the top of Scottish football.




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Sixth resident dies from Covid-19 at Skye Home Farm care home where more than 50 have tested positive

A sixth resident has died from coronavirus in a care home on Skye.




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Going Public with Research to Drive Engagement

How a public research event can bring education stakeholders together to discuss important early education issues.




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Libraries employees receive national award for technology innovation

Two Penn State University Libraries employees at Berks Thun Library, Penn State Berks, have been awarded the American Library Association’s 2020 Emerging Technologies Section 2020 Best Emerging Technology Application (BETA) Award, which recognizes a technology application that directly benefits library users.




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Penn State Berks holds May webinars for prospective students

Penn State Berks will hold a series of webinars throughout the month of May for both accepted and prospective students, providing participants with an opportunity to ask questions and connect with campus experts.




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Second Libraries team at Berks campus wins national award for innovative work

Three Berks Thun Library employees received the 2020 Innovation in College Librarianship Award from the College Libraries Section of the Association of College & Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association. The award honors librarians who demonstrate a capacity for innovation in working with or serving undergraduates or instructors in the areas of programs, services, and operations, or creating innovations for library colleagues that facilitate their ability to better serve the library’s community.




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Senior and Faculty, Staff Diversity Recognition Awards announced

The Multicultural Resource Center at Penn State has announced this year’s Senior and Faculty/Staff Diversity Recognition Awards recipients. The 2020 awards honor multicultural University Park graduating seniors who excel in academics, leadership, and service, as well as faculty and staff throughout Penn State who demonstrate a commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion efforts beyond the responsibilities of their position.




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Prevalence of Fatty Liver in Children and Adolescents

Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
Oct 1, 2006; 118:1388-1393
ARTICLES




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Delivery Room Management of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Spontaneous Breathing or Intubation?

Wolfgang Lindner
May 1, 1999; 103:961-967
ARTICLES




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Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology: A Physiologic Severity Index for Neonatal Intensive Care

Douglas K. Richardson
Mar 1, 1993; 91:617-623
ARTICLES




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Poor Predictive Validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for Cognitive Function of Extremely Low Birth Weight Children at School Age

Maureen Hack
Aug 1, 2005; 116:333-341
ARTICLES




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Collaborative Quality Improvement for Neonatal Intensive Care

Jeffrey D. Horbar
Jan 1, 2001; 107:14-22
ARTICLES




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Growth in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Influences Neurodevelopmental and Growth Outcomes of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Richard A. Ehrenkranz
Apr 1, 2006; 117:1253-1261
ARTICLES




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Predictive Ability of a Predischarge Hour-specific Serum Bilirubin for Subsequent Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Healthy Term and Near-term Newborns

Vinod K. Bhutani
Jan 1, 1999; 103:6-14
ARTICLES




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A Simple Estimate of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Children Derived From Body Length and Plasma Creatinine

G. J. Schwartz
Aug 1, 1976; 58:259-263
ARTICLES




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Why Pay Incentives Are Destined to Fail

They have disappointed in industry, writes author and educator Andrea Gabor, and in schools they could undermine reform.




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Ed. Dept. Announces New Grants Under Teacher Incentive Fund

Federal education officials have begun announcing a new round of grants from the Teacher Incentive Fund.




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Teacher Incentive Fund Awards Its Last Grants for Fiscal Year

Another dozen school districts have landed federal Teacher Incentive Fund grants, including one that will focus on paying principals and assistant principals for their performance.




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Using historical lessons and creative instruction to support students

Penn State Abington faculty are using the current situation as an opportunity to enrich students academically and support them personally during this period of remote learning. "What may be most inspiring of all is the deep-seated concern for our students that faculty efforts expose,” said Friederike Baer, division head for Arts and Humanities.




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Positive psychology course translates into support for students during pandemic

A Penn State Abington faculty member is teaching students enrolled to integrate the content into their daily lives to help them manage the impact of the coronavirus.




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Alumna helps COVID-19 patients as an active U.S. Navy nurse

In this Q&A, Alumna Julia Mauro recounts in this Q&A how her role as an active-duty registered in the U.S. Navy has turned into fighting on a different kind of front-lines: the fight against the coronavirus pandemic.




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Instructions released for Alternative Grade Calculator and Request Tool

Instructions for using the new Alternative Grade Calculator and Request Tool in LionPATH are now available for undergraduates and students enrolled in the Graduate School.




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Senate updates faculty hiring policy to support diversity, equity and inclusion

At its final meeting of the 2019-20 academic year, the Penn State Faculty Senate passed landmark legislation updating its full-time faculty hiring policy for the first time in more than 20 years, as one step in continued efforts to advance the University’s commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion.




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Microsoft to Go 'Carbon Negative' by 2030 to Combat Climate Change

Microsoft originally sought to become a 'carbon neutral' company, meaning it could generate carbon emissions as long as it offset them through other means, but "in short, neutral is not enough to address the world's needs," says Microsoft President Brad Smith.




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‘What’s he doing today?’: Professors get creative to engage students

Penn State professors are bringing creativity into remote learning environments: from unique virtual backgrounds to costumes and props, they are finding novel ways to engage with their students. Their efforts, welcomed by students, are an attempt to connect on a human level while providing laughter and compassion.




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Behrend graduate brings unique perspective to nursing work

Penn State Behrend graduate Abraham Berhane lived in a refugee camp after fleeing his home in Eritrea. “When we came to Erie, we started our life from zero,” he said.




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IST professor receives Fulbright Cyber Security Award

Anna Squicciarini, associate professor of information sciences and technology, has received a Fulbright Cyber Security Award to conduct research in London in summer 2021.




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Barry, Spearly receive 2020 Excellence in Advising Award

Elaine Barry, associate professor of human development and family studies at Penn State Fayette, the Eberly Campus, and Janet Spearly, director of academic advising in the Smeal College of Business, have been selected to receive the 2020 Penn State Excellence in Advising Award.




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Facebook Live concert to benefit United Way's 28 partner agencies set April 24

The Centre County United Way will host #LIVEUNITEDLive, a Facebook Live concert featuring 25 performers with Centre County or Penn State connections, beginning at 6 p.m. April 24 as a fundraiser for 28 nonprofit human service organizations.