The tax-to-GDP ratio in Austria increased by 0.4 percentage points from 41.8% in 2017 to 42.2% in 2018. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was a slight increase of 0.1 percentage point from 34.2% to 34.3% over the same period.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Austria increased by 0.3 percentage points from 47.6 in 2018 to 47.9 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Austria had the 4th highest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.

Uruguay scored 63.47 points out of 100 on the 2018 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Index in Uruguay averaged 17.67 Points from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 63.47 Points in 2019 and a record low of 3.90 Points in 2007. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. The report is made up of 98 variables, from a combination of data from international organizations as well as from the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey. The variables are organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. The GCI varies between 1 and 100, higher average score means higher degree of competitiveness. With the 2018 edition, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology, aiming to integrate the notion of the 4th Industrial Revolution into the definition of competitiveness. It emphasizes the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. This page provides the latest reported value for - Uruguay Competitiveness Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Housing Index in Uruguay increased to 273.05 Index Points in the fourth quarter of 2013 from 217.47 Index Points in the second quarter of 2013. Housing Index in Uruguay averaged 140.18 Index Points from 1991 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 273.05 Index Points in the fourth quarter of 2013 and a record low of 43.35 Index Points in the fourth quarter of 2003. In Uruguay, Housing Index is measured by the Index of New Housing Construction Volume with the base value of 100 in 1990. This page provides - Uruguay New Housing Construction Index - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Terrorism Index in Uruguay decreased to 0.17 in 2018 from 0.34 in 2017. Terrorism Index in Uruguay averaged 0.21 from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1.19 in 2005 and a record low of 0 in 2003. The Global Terrorism Index measures the direct and indirect impact of terrorism, including its effects on lives lost, injuries, property damage and the psychological aftereffects. It is a composite score that ranks countries according to the impact of terrorism from 0 (no impact) to 10 (highest impact).

Uruguay scored 71 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Uruguay averaged 63.02 Points from 1997 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 74 Points in 2015 and a record low of 41.40 Points in 1997. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Uruguay Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Morocco scored 41 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Morocco averaged 36.76 Points from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 47 Points in 2000 and a record low of 32 Points in 2004. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Morocco Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This conference, taking place on 4-5 March 2013 in New Delhi, India, addressed specific issues relating to financial literacy in India and the Asia region. It presented the output of the Russia/OECD/World Bank Trust Fund on Financial Literacy and Education.

Sovereign index-linked bond issuance has grown significantly since the early 1980s and index-linked bonds have become a widely accepted part of the set of instruments that sovereign debt managers use for funding purposes. This paper sets out a methodology for assessing their cost effectiveness relative to other financing options, using UK examples for illustration.

This paper analyses the effects of government policies on flows of private finance for investment in renewable energy. It also examines whether direct provision of public finance for a project increases the volume of private finance raised. The analysis covers 87 countries, six renewable energy sectors (wind, solar, biomass, small hydropower, marine and geothermal).

The reforms to the pensions system in Mexico, especially the introduction of a system of individual defined contribution accounts, have significantly improved the system’s financial sustainability.

12/10/2016 – Adults in many countries around the world display low levels of financial knowledge, fail to engage in financial behaviours that could improve their financial security and have financial attitudes oriented towards the short-term, as shown in the OECD/INFE International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy Competencies released today.

Annamaria Lusardi is the Denit Trust Chair of Economics and Accountancy at the George Washington University School of Business. Following the release of new data focused on Americans’ financial capability, she draws attention to some of the findings in the study, focusing on three areas of great importance to the personal finances of Americans: student loans, indebtedness, and financial literacy.

New Delhi, India, 8-9 November 2017. This symposium looked at how to implement effective financial education policies in a changing financial landscape with a focus on financial education in the digital age.

While China’s overall debt-to-GDP ratio is not particularly high, its non-financial corporate debt relative to GDP is higher than in other major economies.

Nepal scored 34 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Nepal averaged 27.25 Points from 2004 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 34 Points in 2019 and a record low of 22 Points in 2010. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Nepal Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Rwanda scored 52.82 points out of 100 on the 2018 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Index in Rwanda averaged 19.84 Points from 2011 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 52.82 Points in 2019 and a record low of 3.99 Points in 2011. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. The report is made up of 98 variables, from a combination of data from international organizations as well as from the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey. The variables are organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. The GCI varies between 1 and 100, higher average score means higher degree of competitiveness. With the 2018 edition, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology, aiming to integrate the notion of the 4th Industrial Revolution into the definition of competitiveness. It emphasizes the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda Competitiveness Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Terrorism Index in Rwanda increased to 2.95 in 2018 from 2.18 in 2017. Terrorism Index in Rwanda averaged 2.73 from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3.94 in 2010 and a record low of 0.42 in 2004. The Global Terrorism Index measures the direct and indirect impact of terrorism, including its effects on lives lost, injuries, property damage and the psychological aftereffects. It is a composite score that ranks countries according to the impact of terrorism from 0 (no impact) to 10 (highest impact).

Rwanda scored 53 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Rwanda averaged 44.27 Points from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 56 Points in 2018 and a record low of 25 Points in 2006. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Consumer Price Index Cpi in Rwanda increased to 137 points in March from 134.52 points in February of 2020. Consumer Price Index Cpi in Rwanda averaged 103.53 points from 2009 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 137 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 79.84 points in February of 2009. This page provides - Rwanda Consumer Price Index Cpi- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This paper discusses the results of the 2011-2012 OECD LEED study of measuring green growth in the Benelux countries (Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg). The study paid particular attention to the challenges of measuring the transition to a low-carbon economy in cross-border areas as they have additional levels of complexity when it comes to measuring and monitoring their low-carbon transition.

This note presents key findings for Belgium from Society at a Glance 2014 - OECD Social indicators. This 2014 publication also provides a special chapter on: the crisis and its aftermath: a “stress test” for societies and for social policies.

Going for Growth 2015: Key findings for Belgium

This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for Belgium. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.

This country note presents student performance in science, reading and mathematics, and measures equity in education in Belgium. The interactive charts allow you to compare results with other countries participating in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

Unemployment in Belgium fell back to its pre-crisis level sooner than in most other OECD countries, but then rose significantly again in 2012 and has only recently begun to decline again. At 6.8% in April, it was still above its pre-crisis level and 0.9 percentage points above the OECD average.

This note presents selected country highlights from the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 with a specific focus on digital trends among all themes covered.

These notes present selected country highlights from the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 with a specific focus on digital trends among all themes covered.

This note presents marginal effective tax rates (METRs) that summarise the tax system’s impact on the incentives to make an additional investment in a particular type of savings. By comparing METRs on different types of household savings, we can gain insights into which assets or savings types receive the most favourable treatment from the tax system.

This country note for Belgium provides detail on the proportion of CO2 emissions from energy use subject to different effective carbon rates (ECR), as well as on the level and components of average ECRs in each of the six economic sectors (road transport, off-road transport, industry, agriculture and fishing, residential & commercial, and electricity).

The digital revolution, globalisation and demographic changes are transforming labour markets at a time when policy makers are also struggling with slow productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality. The new OECD Jobs Strategy provides a comprehensive framework and policy recommendations to help countries address these challenges

The Belgian standard VAT rate is 21.0%, which is above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. The previous standard VAT rate in Belgium was 20.5% in 1995. It changed to the current level in 1996. Belgium applies reduced VAT rates of 0%, 6% and 12% to a number of goods and services.

This country note explains how Belgium taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

The tax-to-GDP ratio in Belgium increased by 0.3 percentage points from 44.5% in 2017 to 44.8% in 2018. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was a slight increase of 0.1 percentage point from 34.2% to 34.3% over the same period.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Belgium decreased by 0.5 percentage points from 52.7 in 2018 to 52.2 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Belgium had the highest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.

Brunei scored 60 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Brunei averaged 57.78 Points from 2009 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 63 Points in 2018 and a record low of 52 Points in 2011. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Brunei Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Consumer Price Index Cpi in Brunei increased to 99.20 points in November from 99.10 points in October of 2019. Consumer Price Index Cpi in Brunei averaged 99.34 points from 2015 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 100.70 points in December of 2015 and a record low of 98.40 points in June of 2019. This page provides - Brunei Consumer Price Index Cpi- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Capacity Utilization in China remained unchanged at 76.80 percent in the third quarter of 2017 from 76.80 percent in the second quarter of 2017. Capacity Utilization in China averaged 74.99 percent from 2013 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 76.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013 and a record low of 72.90 percent in the first quarter of 2016. This page provides - China Capacity Utilization- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Indonesia's tax-to-GDP ratio was 11.5% in 2017, below the OECD average (34.2%) by 22.7 percentage points, and also below the LAC and Africa (21)* averages (22.8% and 18.2%, respectively).

This country note explains how Indonesia taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

Malawi scored 31 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Malawi averaged 32.27 Points from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 41 Points in 1999 and a record low of 27 Points in 2006. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Malawi Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Terrorism Index in Mali increased to 6.65 in 2018 from 6.02 in 2017. Terrorism Index in Mali averaged 3.41 from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6.65 in 2018 and a record low of 0 in 2003. The Global Terrorism Index measures the direct and indirect impact of terrorism, including its effects on lives lost, injuries, property damage and the psychological aftereffects. It is a composite score that ranks countries according to the impact of terrorism from 0 (no impact) to 10 (highest impact).

Imports from Indonesia in Turkey decreased to 95684.37 USD THO in March from 99754.61 USD THO in February of 2020. Imports from Indonesia in Turkey averaged 124623.82 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 206809 USD THO in August of 2014 and a record low of 81455.84 USD THO in December of 2018. This page includes a chart with historical data for Turkey Imports from Indonesia.

Imports from India in Turkey increased to 438.52 USD Million in March from 417.41 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports from India in Turkey averaged 529.98 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 830.23 USD Million in July of 2018 and a record low of 402.83 USD Million in September of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for Turkey Imports from India.

This country note explains how India taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

India is set for a modest recovery after a loss of momentum, as reforms to simplify taxation, lighten business regulations and upgrade infrastructure start to bear fruit. Further reforms to modernise the economy are now needed to drive the creation of high-quality jobs, as well as measures to improve public services and welfare, according to a new OECD report.

Housing Index in Greece increased to 65.60 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 65.20 points in the third quarter of 2019. Housing Index in Greece averaged 77.97 points from 2006 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 102.20 points in the third quarter of 2008 and a record low of 58.90 points in the third quarter of 2017. This page provides the latest reported value for - Greece House Price Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Housing Index in Cyprus decreased to 101.81 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 105.69 points in the third quarter of 2019. Housing Index in Cyprus averaged 108.36 points from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 130.42 points in the second quarter of 2008 and a record low of 93.41 points in the first quarter of 2005. In Cyprus, the House Price Index measures residential property market prices. The HPI captures price changes of all kinds of residential property purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing. Only market prices are considered, self-build dwellings are therefore excluded. The land component of the residential property is included. This page provides - Cyprus House Price Index - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.