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The Economics of Natural Capital

Members Event

24 June 2015 - 1:00pm to 2:00pm

Chatham House, London

Event participants

Professor Dieter Helm CBE, Professor of Energy Policy, University of Oxford

Chair: David Shukman, Science Editor, BBC News

As the global population and economy continues to grow, the international community faces the challenge of accommodating significant growth over the coming decades without a major loss of biodiversity and natural capital, the world’s stock of natural resources. Presenting an economic analysis of these natural assets, Dieter Helm will argue that natural capital and environmental concerns should be placed at the core of economic policy. He will set out a framework for sustainable growth, outlining key measures that could help to preserve the environment while also enabling economic growth. 

Members Events Team




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D-backs pair among best starting pitcher duos

Most Major League teams still use a five-man starting rotation, but it takes a lot more pitchers than that to make it through a 162-game season. It certainly helps to have a potent one-two punch at the top of the rotation.




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'Campfire drill' helps pitchers, catchers bond

After seeing improved communication between pitchers and catchers last year, the "campfire" drill was put back on the D-backs' schedule and took place Friday at Salt River Fields.




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Covid-19: Nightingale hospitals set to shut down after seeing few patients

The mothballing of Britain’s Nightingale hospitals, some of which have yet to treat a single covid-19 patient, has raised questions about whether resources to fight the pandemic were...




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A Hybrid Insulin Epitope Maintains High 2D Affinity for Diabetogenic T Cells in the Periphery

β-Cell antigen recognition by autoreactive T cells is essential in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. Recently, insulin hybrid peptides (HIPs) were identified as strong agonists for CD4 diabetogenic T cells. Here, using BDC2.5 transgenic and NOD mice, we investigated T-cell recognition of the HIP2.5 epitope, which is a fusion of insulin C-peptide and chromogranin A (ChgA) fragments, and compared it with the WE14 and ChgA29–42 epitopes. We measured in situ two-dimensional affinity on individual live T cells from thymus, spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes, and islets before and after diabetes. Although preselection BDC2.5 thymocytes possess higher affinity than splenic BDC2.5 T cells for all three epitopes, peripheral splenic T cells maintained high affinity only to the HIP2.5 epitope. In polyclonal NOD mice, a high frequency (~40%) of HIP2.5-specific islet T cells were identified at both prediabetic and diabetic stages comprising two distinct high- and low-affinity populations that differed in affinity by 100-fold. This high frequency of high- and low-affinity HIP2.5 T cells in the islets potentially represents a major risk factor in diabetes pathogenesis.




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Use of electronic medical records in development and validation of risk prediction models of hospital readmission: systematic review




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Healthcare comes to standstill in east Aleppo as last hospitals are destroyed




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A Path to Citizenship for 1.8 Million DREAMERs? Despite Talk, No Proposal Would Do So

Even as the 1.8 million number swirls in the discussion of how many DREAMers would be placed on a path to citizenship, proposals debated in the Senate in February 2018 would have resulted in the legalization of smaller numbers, as this commentary explains. It offers estimates of potential beneficiaries of several Senate proposals, including one backed by the White House, and analysis of key criteria.




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It Takes a Village: Despite Challenges, Migrant Groups Lead Development in Senegal

For generations, migrants have emigrated from Senegal, particularly from in and around the Senegal River Valley. With France a key destination, French policy changes have had significant impact on Senegalese migrants and the hometown associations through which they support development in Senegal. This article explores how these policy shifts influence development and quality of life in the Senegal River Valley.




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Reaching a “Fair Deal” on Talent: Emigration, Circulation, and Human Capital in Countries of Origin

While skilled migration brings widely acknowledged economic benefits for destination countries and migrants, its impact on countries of origin has been the subject of more debate. Despite a growing consensus that origin countries can benefit from emigration and the circulation of skills, enabling this potential to be fully exploited remains a challenge. This report examines initiatives that develop skills and human capital.




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Despite Trump Invitation to Stop Taking Refugees, Red and Blue States Alike Endorse Resettlement

Forty-two governors, Republican and Democrat alike, have affirmed their consent for continued refugee resettlement, bypassing an invitation from the Trump administration to stop accepting refugees. These actions, which reportedly surprised the White House, suggest there may be limits to the Trump immigration agenda when it comes to refugees, as this Policy Beat explores.




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Korea's K-League soccer returns with rules against spitting, talking

K-League soccer resumed with a game behind closed doors Friday in South Korea, with players prohibited from spitting and talking.




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Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Isolated or Combined Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Retrospective, Hospital-Based Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE

Many patients with hyperglycemic crises present with combined features of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). The implications of concomitant acidosis and hyperosmolality are not well known. We investigated hospital outcomes in patients with isolated or combined hyperglycemic crises.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed admissions data listing DKA or HHS at two academic hospitals. We determined 1) the frequency distributions of HHS, DKA, and combined DKA-HHS (DKA criteria plus elevated effective osmolality); 2) the relationship of markers of severity of illness and clinical comorbidities with 30-day all-cause mortality; and 3) the relationship of hospital complications associated with insulin therapy (hypoglycemia and hypokalemia) with mortality.

RESULTS

There were 1,211 patients who had a first admission with confirmed hyperglycemic crises criteria, 465 (38%) who had isolated DKA, 421 (35%) who had isolated HHS, and 325 (27%) who had combined features of DKA-HHS. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, race, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score, subjects with combined DKA-HHS had higher in-hospital mortality compared with subjects with isolated hyperglycemic crises (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.7; 95% CI 1.4, 4.9; P = 0.0019). In all groups, hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL) during treatment was associated with a 4.8-fold increase in mortality (aOR 4.8; 95% CI 1.4, 16.8). Hypokalemia ≤3.5 mEq/L was frequent (55%). Severe hypokalemia (≤2.5 mEq/L) was associated with increased inpatient mortality (aOR 4.9; 95% CI 1.3, 18.8; P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Combined DKA-HHS is associated with higher mortality compared with isolated DKA or HHS. Severe hypokalemia and severe hypoglycemia are associated with higher hospital mortality in patients with hyperglycemic crises.




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Despite Flurry of Actions, Trump Administration Faces Constraints in Achieving Its Immigration Agenda

Though it has achieved success in some areas, the Trump administration’s many efforts to stiffen immigration enforcement in the U.S. interior and at the Southwest border are being consistently stymied by court injunctions, existing laws and settlements, state and local resistance, congressional pushback, and migration pressures that are beyond the government’s ability to swiftly address, as this article explores.




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Prevalence of Hyper- and Hypoglycemia Among Inpatients With Diabetes: A national survey of 44 U.S. hospitals

Deborah J. Wexler
Feb 1, 2007; 30:367-369
BR Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research




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In-Hospital Prognosis of Ppatients With Fasting Hyperglycemia After First Myocardial Infarction

John J O'Sullivan
Aug 1, 1991; 14:758-760
Short Report




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Precipitation of Autoimmune Diabetes With Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy

Jing Hughes
Apr 1, 2015; 38:e55-e57
e-Letters: Observations




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Israeli High Court permits Benjamin Netanyahu to form government despite indictments

A panel of 11 judges ruled that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu can form a government after reaching a deal with rival Benny Gantz.




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Diabetes Technology Update: Use of Insulin Pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital

Guillermo E. Umpierrez
Aug 1, 2018; 41:1579-1589
Diabetes Care Symposium




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Hospitalization for Lactic Acidosis Among Patients With Reduced Kidney Function Treated With Metformin or Sulfonylureas

OBJECTIVE

To compare the risk of lactic acidosis hospitalization between patients treated with metformin versus sulfonylureas following development of reduced kidney function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This retrospective cohort combined data from the National Veterans Health Administration, Medicare, Medicaid, and the National Death Index. New users of metformin or sulfonylureas were followed from development of reduced kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or serum creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dL [female] or 1.5 mg/dL [male]) through hospitalization for lactic acidosis, death, loss to follow-up, or study end. Lactic acidosis hospitalization was defined as a composite of primary discharge diagnosis or laboratory-confirmed lactic acidosis (lactic acid ≥2.5 mmol/L and either arterial blood pH <7.35 or serum bicarbonate ≤19 mmol/L within 24 h of admission). We report the cause-specific hazard of lactic acidosis hospitalization between metformin and sulfonylureas from a propensity score–matched weighted cohort and conduct an additional competing risks analysis to account for treatment change and death.

RESULTS

The weighted cohort included 24,542 metformin and 24,662 sulfonylurea users who developed reduced kidney function (median age 70 years, median eGFR 55.8 mL/min/1.73 m2). There were 4.18 (95% CI 3.63, 4.81) vs. 3.69 (3.19, 4.27) lactic acidosis hospitalizations per 1,000 person-years among metformin and sulfonylurea users, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.21 [95% CI 0.99, 1.50]). Results were consistent for both primary discharge diagnosis (aHR 1.11 [0.87, 1.44]) and laboratory-confirmed lactic acidosis (1.25 [0.92, 1.70]).

CONCLUSIONS

Among veterans with diabetes who developed reduced kidney function, occurrence of lactic acidosis hospitalization was uncommon and not statistically different between patients who continued metformin and those patients who continued sulfonylureas.




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A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Glargine U300 and Glargine U100 for the Inpatient Management of Medicine and Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Glargine U300 Hospital Trial

OBJECTIVE

The role of U300 glargine insulin for the inpatient management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been determined. We compared the safety and efficacy of glargine U300 versus glargine U100 in noncritically ill patients with T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial included 176 patients with poorly controlled T2D (admission blood glucose [BG] 228 ± 82 mg/dL and HbA1c 9.5 ± 2.2%), treated with oral agents or insulin before admission. Patients were treated with a basal-bolus regimen with glargine U300 (n = 92) or glargine U100 (n = 84) and glulisine before meals. We adjusted insulin daily to a target BG of 70–180 mg/dL. The primary end point was noninferiority in the mean difference in daily BG between groups. The major safety outcome was the occurrence of hypoglycemia.

RESULTS

There were no differences between glargine U300 and U100 in mean daily BG (186 ± 40 vs. 184 ± 46 mg/dL, P = 0.62), percentage of readings within target BG of 70–180 mg/dL (50 ± 27% vs. 55 ± 29%, P = 0.3), length of stay (median [IQR] 6.0 [4.0, 8.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0, 7.0] days, P = 0.06), hospital complications (6.5% vs. 11%, P = 0.42), or insulin total daily dose (0.43 ± 0.21 vs. 0.42 ± 0.20 units/kg/day, P = 0.74). There were no differences in the proportion of patients with BG <70 mg/dL (8.7% vs. 9.5%, P > 0.99), but glargine U300 resulted in significantly lower rates of clinically significant hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL) compared with glargine U100 (0% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Hospital treatment with glargine U300 resulted in similar glycemic control compared with glargine U100 and may be associated with a lower incidence of clinically significant hypoglycemia.




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U.S. stocks rise again on Wall Street despite job losses

The United States' bellwether stock index, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, climbed another 455 points Friday, posting its first weekly gain in three weeks.




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Look: Brian May visits hospital after injuring buttocks while gardening

Queen guitarist Brian May is recovering after tearing his gluteus maximus during a moment of "over-enthusiastic" gardening.




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[ Politics ] Open Question : IF Cons rewrote the Constitution of the United States would it have less laws, more liberty, & move power from DC to the State Capitals?

Oh would that 'less laws/more liberty/more state capital power' look anything like Mike Pence's Religious Freedom Restoration Act or in other words the 'we Conservative Republican Christians are such oppressed persecuted victims WAAAAA WAAAA' Bill. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIikqPmbgvI 




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Eliot Spitzer and the Price-Placebo Effect

In Eliot Spitzer's sex scandal and tragicomic downfall, the question that bugged many people did not have to do with ethics or politics, but whether Spitzer got a raw deal.




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New Brain Gain: Rising Human Capital among Recent Immigrants to the United States

Nearly half of immigrant adults arriving in the U.S. since 2011 have a college degree—a far higher share than a quarter-century ago, when just 27 percent did. This striking but little noted shift in the composition of recent immigrant flows, driven in part by rising migration from Asia, comes as some policymakers press for a "merit-based" immigration system. This fact sheet examines rising human capital at U.S. and state levels.




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Global Demand for Medical Professionals Drives Indians Abroad Despite Acute Domestic Health-Care Worker Shortages

India is the world's largest source for immigrant physicians, and for Indian-trained doctors and nurses the allure of working abroad is strong despite an acute domestic shortage of health-care workers. Against this pull, the Indian government has enacted a number of policies to limit and regulate the emigration of health-care professionals, though these have been more ad hoc in nature and not part of a fully realized strategy.




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Galatopita

This recipe features on Foodie Tuesday, a weekly segment on 774 Drive with Raf Epstein, 3.30PM, courtesy of Kathy Tsaples.




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Pakistan shines on pitch with series win

Pakistan highlighted its talent on the pitch to draw the third and final Test against Sri Lanka in Sharjah and win the series 1-0, just days after three former team-mates were jailed for spot-fixing.




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Case Study: Potential Pitfalls of Using Hemoglobin A1c as the Sole Measure of Glycemic Control

Huy A. Tran
Jul 1, 2004; 22:141-143
Case Studies




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Hospital Management of Hyperglycemia

Kristen B. Campbell
Apr 1, 2004; 22:81-88
Practical Pointers




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Despite Court Ruling, N.C.'s State Chief, Board Still Quibble Over Who's in Charge

The state's elected superintendent and the governor-appointed state board have been in a legal dispute since 2016 over who should oversee the many tasks of the education department.




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Despite Fierce Teacher Opposition, West Virginia House Votes to Allow Charter Schools

The West Virginia House of Delegates passed its version of a sweeping education omnibus bill, which would allow the state's first charter schools.




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Oklahoma Lawmakers Ramp Up Security at Capitol After Teacher Protests

The increase in security was imposed by majority Republicans as a new session of the legislature opened last week.




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Lee encouraging voucher applications despite court order




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Lee encouraging voucher applications despite court order




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Lee encouraging voucher applications despite court order




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In Wisconsin, a High-Pitched, Emotional Battle over K-12 Spending

Wisconsin is one of a handful of states where how much schools will get this fall is still being debated in the state capitol.




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University of Pittsburgh coaches, city's pro teams donate $800K toward coronavirus vaccine research

The university’s Center for Vaccine Research is working to create a coronavirus vaccine.




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Family law unboxed : unveiling current pitfalls / paper and slides presented by Sue Harrington, LeMessurier Harrington Consulting and Siobhan Parker, David Burrell & Co.




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[Extracts from the Tipitaka]




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[Extracts from the Tipitaka]

19th century




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[Extracts from the Tipitaka]

19th century




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[Extracts from the Tipitaka]

19th century




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[Extracts from the Tipitaka]

19th century




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A descriptive catalogue of wet preparations, casts, drawings, models, books, etc., contained in the Museum of the Birmingham and Midland Counties Lying-in Hospital and Dispensary for the Diseases of Women and Children / arranged and edited in compliance w

Birmingham : printed by M. Billing, 1847.




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Deuxieme etude sur le Pithecanthropus erectus comme precurseur presume de l'homme / par L. Manouvrier.

[Paris] : [publisher not identified], 1895.




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Die Behandlung der Lungenschwindsucht im Hochgebirge : und über das Zustandekommen von Ernährungsstörungen in den Lungenspitzen, welche die Disposition zur primären tuberkulösen Erkrankung derselben darstellen / von A. Volland.

Leipzig : F.C.W. Vogel, 1889.




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Die Schlaf- und Traumzustände der menschlicher Seele, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihres Verhältnisses zu den psychischen Alienationen / von Heinrich Spitta.

Freiburg i. B. : J.C.B. Mohr, 1892.




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Du traitement de l'épithélioma de la peau des paupières et du nez par le bleu de méthyle combiné à l'acide chromique et au galvano-cautère / par Théophile Domec.

Paris : Société d’éditions scientifiques, 1895.