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New answers to old prayers

One couple talks about how God has answered 50-year old prayers for the Middle East North Africa region.




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Never too old to serve

Instead of planning for their retirement, Rose and Matthew Gibson followed God's calling to full-time missions with OM Italy.




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Republicans hold onto the House, after clinching Senate and presidency

Republicans have won enough seats to keep control of the House of Representatives, ABC News projects, clinching a unified GOP government in Washington.




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Healing old wounds through the next generation

Cartagena, Colombia :: Logos Hope partners with Youth With A Mission (YWAM) in an outreach to a troubled community.




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One on One: Championing Digital Assets With Luke Beatty, Brandfolder

Your digital assets are the building blocks for brand voice. Use them wisely




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Modi regime sees five-fold jump in ITR filers with income above Rs 50 lakh; middle class tax burden falls - The Economic Times

  1. Modi regime sees five-fold jump in ITR filers with income above Rs 50 lakh; middle class tax burden falls  The Economic Times
  2. Modi regime sees five-fold jump in ITR filers with income above Rs 50 lakh  Deccan Herald
  3. Tax burden shifting to super-rich, but middle class barely growing  The Financial Express
  4. Taxpayers with annual income of over ₹1 crore rose 323% to 350,000 in 10 yrs  Hindustan Times
  5. More than 8 cr ITRs filed for FY 24, 74 pc in new tax regime  The Economic Times




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Biñan execs told to explain reclamation project

Officials of Biñan City have been ordered to respond to a complaint filed by residents regarding a reclamation project in Laguna de Bay.




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38,000 Makati Blu Card holders get cash incentives

Over 50,000 senior citizens continue to benefit from Makati’s Blu Card program, which offers perks to enhance their quality of life, Mayor Abby Binay announced on Tuesday.




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DOST-FNRI washes hands off Neda’s poverty threshold: PSA did the math

MANILA, Philippines — The Department of Science and Technology’s Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) played no role in deciding on the National Economic and Development Authority’s controversial poverty threshold. At the Senate’s marathon plenary debates on the proposed 2025 funding of the DOST past midnight on Thursday, Sen. Minority Leader Koko Pimentel asked FNRI whether it was the source of the figure that Neda issued. He was referring to Neda’s earlier disclosure that a Filipino only needs to spend P64 per day for meals to not be considered food poor. READ: You’re not food poor if you spend at […]...

Keep on reading: DOST-FNRI washes hands off Neda’s poverty threshold: PSA did the math




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Meet Donald Trump's new Middle East team, with new faces and old


The incoming Trump team will be in contrast to some of those currently serving and those who served previously in key roles in the region.





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Oncologist stabbed at Chennai govt hospital ‘by 26-year-old whose mother is undergoing cancer treatment’ - The Indian Express

  1. Oncologist stabbed at Chennai govt hospital ‘by 26-year-old whose mother is undergoing cancer treatment’  The Indian Express
  2. Video: Chennai man calmly walks away after stabbing doctor, wipes knife  India Today
  3. Indian Medical Association condemns brutal attack on doctor in Chennai  The New Indian Express
  4. Daylight assault on doctor inside Chennai hospital leaves medical fraternity in shock  The Hindu
  5. 'No law and order': BJP, AIADMK attack ruling DMK after government doctor stabbed in Chennai  The Times of India




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Archaeologists discover ancient site of key Iraq battle thanks to old spy photos

Iraqis who grew up under the rule of Saddam Hussein were all familiar with the battle in minute detail





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Coldplay announces a fourth show in India

The Mumbai concert will mark Coldplay’s first visit to India in eight years




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Alison Hammond produces ‘TV gold’ with dramatic fall on Great British Bake Off

Noel Fielding called the moment ‘the best thing I’ve ever seen’




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Foreign Asset - Holding and Income Reporting

I am Indian Resident but I have foreign assets, just to know where in the ITR should foreign properties be reported?How much penalty will be imposed if fail to disclose foreign property?




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Scrap Gold And Silver Prices Fall; Platinum Gains On Index

WASHINGTON (Scrap Monster) : The daily scrap gold prices - both hallmarked  and non- hallmarked declined marginally in November on the ScrapMonster Price Index. The prices of scrap silver too fell whereas Platinum staged...




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GOLD LOAN- Good option for fast cash

Let’s be practical that how much fast we can avail the gold finance? 

Full Article



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Curbing gold imports and its repercussions


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Samsung May Unveil Foldable Smartphone Next Year

Battling with multiple issues like the discontinuation of Galaxy Note 7, recall of 2.8 million exploding washing machines and a corruption scandal, South Korean giant Samsung has reportedly filed a patent with the Korean.




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That Old Young Man?

(I'm back home and stumbled on a long-lost page with my jottings. I think the message is eternally relevant. That's  why I'm posting it right now. Pending jobs over, I'll resume blogging as usual)



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Rylee Arnold's Special Note For Dancing With The Stars Partner Is Viral

Nedoroscik and Arnold honoured Charli D'Amelio and Mark Ballas's season 31 routine to Joji's "Glimpse of Us" with a Viennese Waltz.




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Lab Grown Gold: ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾಲಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳೆದ ಚಿನ್ನ- ಬೆಲೆ ಎಷ್ಟಿರಬಹುದು?

ಚಿನ್ನ ಮತ್ತು ಭಾರತೀಯರಿಗೆ ಅವಿನಾಭಾವ ಸಂಬಂಧವಿದೆ. ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬರ ಭಾರತೀಯರ ಜೀವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಚಿನ್ನ ಮಿಳಿತವಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಅಪೂರ್ವವಾದ ಬಂಧ ಇಂದು ನಿನ್ನೆಯದಲ್ಲ. ಯಾಕೆಂದರೆ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸದಲ್ಲಿ ಚಿನ್ನವು ಆಳವಾಗಿ ಬೇರೂರಿದ್ದು ಅಪಾರ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ. ಕಾಲ ಕಳೆದಂತೆ ಚಿನ್ನದ ಮೇಲಿನ ಭಾರತದ ವ್ಯಾಮೋಹವು ಬಲವಾಗುತ್ತಲೇ ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಹೋಗಿದೆ. ಬಂಗಾರದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ, ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಭಾವನಾತ್ಮಕ




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Samsung Tri-Fold Smartphone in Development? Patent Suggests it Will Resemble the Huawei Mate XT

Samsung is reportedly working on a tri-fold smartphone, expected to arrive sometime next year. An earlier report suggested that Samsung display's partners have finished developing components for the tri-fold model. Now, the latest development reveals Samsung has already filed a patent




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2024 Maruti Suzuki Dzire Vs Old Dzire: Mileage, Price, Features, & More

All generations of Maruti Suzuki Dzire sedans have been very successful in India. Now, with the launch of the 4th generation Dzire sedan in India, we expect the model to replicate the same success of its predecessors. Also, with a 5-Star




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Gold Price Lucknow: लगातार तीसरे दिन सस्ता हुआ सोना, 4,400 रु गिरा सोने का भाव, लखनऊ में चेक करें लेटेस्ट रेट

Gold Price Today Lucknow: आज 13 नवंबर को लगातार तीसरे दिन सोने का दाम गिर गया है। आज लखनऊ में सोने के खरीदारों को गोल्ड खरीदने का शानदार मौका मिल रहा है क्योंकि सोने के भाव में फिर से गिरावट आई




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Dubai Gold Price: लगातार बढ़ रहा है दुबई में सोने का भाव, आज के ये हैं नए रेट

Dubai Gold Rate: दुबई में लगातार एक सप्ताह से सोने के भाव में उछाल बना हुआ है। ठीक एक बार फिर तेजी दर्ज की जा रही है। दुबई में 24 कैरट सोने के भाव पर नजर डालें तो आज भारतीय रुपए




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Coldplay Concert In Ahmedabad: Fourth Show Announced, Tickets Available

The legendary British band Coldplay has unveiled plans for a new show in Ahmedabad, India, scheduled for January 25, 2025, at the Narendra Modi Stadium. Tickets for the highly anticipated performance will be available for purchase starting November 16, 2024, via




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Meet woman, once world's richest woman, who married twice, sold her Rs 66600 crore shares in Amazon, her net worth is...

Meet woman who sold Amazon shares worth USD 8 billion continuing her mission of donating billions to support various non-profits.




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This govt company sold Rs 28880000000 shares of Ratan Tata firm, reduces its holding to...

The shares were sold between June 20, 2024, and November 11, 2024, at an average price of Rs 446.402 apiece through an open market sale.




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Vivek Ramaswamy's old graduation speech goes viral, days after Donald Trump named him for DOGE role with Elon Musk

Vivek Ramaswamy has gained attention with his old high school graduation speech video after being appointed to co-lead the Department of Government Efficiency.




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Rare 100-year-old photo of photographer G Venket Ram’s great grandparents inspires his latest work

A wedding portrait of his great grandparents from the 1920s, encouraged photographer G Venket Ram to contemplate nostalgia and contrast in his latest work




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What’s cooking at this Pune firm? Lifestyle solutions to bring down household carbon footprint




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Netflix says its commercials for Christmas NFL games are sold out

Unlike the broadcast networks that have traditionally served as the NFL's primary TV partners, Netflix has always generated most of its revenue from subscriber fees, not ad sales.




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Jammu & Kashmir’s ‘nutcracker’ soldiers on to revive walnut farming in valley

Singh, a retired soldier, also cultivates hazelnuts, pecans and some stone fruits including peach, plum and apricots. 




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SHOOTING | Aishwary Tomar and Sanjeeta Das snatch mixed air rifle gold from the Koreans




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I was told to ‘go back to Portugal’. Is this Indian modernity now?




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When 800 Indian Soldiers Escaped

Indians mounted daring escapes during World War II too. But they are forgotten.




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eBay Advertiser Sold Out Too Cheap


Now I'm no expert when it comes to pricing real estate in terms of advertising dollars (although I could probably put my quant-head genes to work), but methinks this guy sold out too cheap. Efficient market theory, auction theory, winner's curse, ... ba humbug ... set a higher reserve price, man!




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Wikipedia: Kathryn Kuhlman (1907 - 1976) -- Was an American faith healer and evangelist - Kuhlman [modeling her career in the mold of her idol Aimee Semple McPherson] traveled extensively around the United States and in many other countries holding "

Early life: Kathryn Johanna Kuhlmun was born in Concordia, Missouri, to German-American parents. She was born-again at the age of 13 in the Methodist Church of Concordia, and began preaching in the West at the age of sixteen in primarily Baptist Churches. -- Career: Kuhlman traveled extensively around the United States and in many other countries holding "healing crusades" between the 1940s and 1970s. She had a weekly TV program in the 1960s and 1970s called I Believe In Miracles that was aired nationally. The foundation was established in 1954, and its Canadian branch in 1970. Following a 1967 fellowship in Philadelphia, Dr. William A. Nolen conducted a case study of 23 people who claimed to have been cured during her services. Nolen's long term follow-ups concluded there were no cures in those cases. Furthermore, one woman who was said to have been cured of spinal cancer took off her brace and ran across the stage at Kuhlman's command; her spine collapsed the following day and she died four months later. -- By 1970 she moved to Los Angeles conducting faith healing for thousands of people each day as an heir to Aimee Semple McPherson. She became well-known despite, as she told reporters, having no theological training. In 1935, Kathryn met Burroughs Waltrip, an extremely handsome Texas evangelist who was eight years her senior. Despite the fact that he was married with two small boys, they soon found themselves attracted to each other. Shortly after his visit to Denver, Waltrip divorced his wife, left his family and moved to Mason City, Iowa, where he began a revival center called Radio Chapel. Kathryn and her friend and pianist Helen Gulliford came into town to help him raise funds for his ministry. It was shortly after their arrival that the romance between Burroughs and Kathryn became publicly known. -- Burroughs and Kathryn decided to wed. While discussing the matter with some friends, Kathryn had said that she could not "find the will of God in the matter." These and other friends encouraged her not to go through with the marriage, but Kathryn justified it to herself and others by believing that Waltrip's wife had left him, not the other way around. On October 18th, 1938, Kathryn secretly married "Mister," as she liked to call Waltrip, in Mason City. The wedding did not give her new peace about their union, however. After they checked into their hotel that night, Kathryn left and drove over to the hotel where Helen was staying with another friend. She sat with them weeping and admitted that the marriage was a mistake. She decided to get an annulment. -- In 1975, Kuhlman was sued by Paul Bartholomew, her personal administrator, who claimed she kept $1 million in jewelry and $1 million in fine art hidden away and sued her for $430,500 for breach of contract. Two former associates accused her in the lawsuit of diverting funds and illegally removing records, which she denied and said the records were not private. According to Kuhlman, the lawsuit was settled prior to trial. -- Death and legacy: In July 1975 her doctor diagnosed her with a minor heart flareup and she had a relapse in November while in Los Angeles. As a result, she had open heart surgery in Tulsa, Oklahoma from which she died in February 1976. Kathryn Kuhlman is interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. A plaque in her honor is located in the main city park in Concordia, Missouri, a town located in central Missouri on Interstate Highway 70. -- After she died, her will led to controversy. She left $267,500, the bulk of her estate, to three family members and twenty employees. Smaller bequests were given to 19 other employees. According to the Independent Press-Telegram , her employees were disappointed that "she did not leave most of her estate to the foundation as she had done under a previous 1974 will." The Kathryn Kuhlman Foundation has continued, but in 1982 it terminated its nationwide radio broadcasting. She influenced faith healers Benny Hinn and Billy Burke. Hinn has adopted some of her techniques and wrote a book about her. -- Healing: Many accounts of healings were published in her books, which were "ghost-written" by author Jamie Buckingham of Florida, including her autobiography, which was dictated at a hotel in Las Vegas. Buckingham also wrote his own Kuhlman biography that presented an unvarnished account of her life. Many other faith healers, including Benny Hinn, who have been inspired by Kathryn Kuhlman have faced similar suspicions about their methods and practices.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 4. 1881 A.D. to Present (2012) - Corrupt modern bible translations and compromised Seminaries and Universities

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Wesley Center: William Tyndale's Old English Bible Translation - {Old English} New Testament, 1526 A.D. William Tyndale, The newe Testament as it was written and caused to be written by them which herde yt - To whom also oure saveour Christ Jesus comm

To download the entire Tyndale Bible click here. You will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader for this file. To read a particular book, click on the appropriate link below: -- About the Wesley Center Online -- The Wesley Center Online web site is a collection of historical and scholarly resources about the Wesleyan Tradition, theology, Christianity, and the Nazarene church. Copyright © 1993-2011. Wesley Center for Applied Theology, c/o Northwest Nazarene University. All Rights Reserved.




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Who is William Tyndale? - William Tyndale holds the distinction of being the first man to ever print the New Testament in the English language

William Tyndale holds the distinction of being the first man to ever print the New Testament in the English language. Tyndale also went on to first translate much of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew into English, but he was executed in 1536 for the "crime" of printing the scriptures in English before he could personally complete the printing of an entire Bible. His friends Myles Coverdale, and John "Thomas Matthew" Rogers, managed to evade arrest and publish entire Bibles in the English language for the first time, and within one year of Tyndale's death. - These Bibles were primarily the work of William Tyndale.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 3. 1522 A.D. to 1880 A.D. - Indigenous Bible translations and Church Doctrines era - The Reformation

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The Life of William Tyndale - "Oh Lord, open the King of England's eyes" - translated Erasmus' Enchiridion militis christiani (Handbook of the Christian Soldier, 1503) - Tyndale announced to a visiting clergyman that he meant to transla

William Tyndale was born about 1494 in Gloucestershire. He took his B.A. at Oxford in 1512 and his M.A. in 1515. He also apparently spent time in Cambridge. He was for some time tutor to a Gloucestershire family. He disturbed the local divines by routing them at the dinner table with chapter and verse of scripture, and by translating Erasmus' Enchiridion militis christiani (Handbook of the Christian Soldier, 1503). He was accused of heresy, but nothing was ever proved. John Foxe reports in his Acts and Monuments (1563) that one day at dinner, Tyndale announced to a visiting clergyman that he meant to translate the Bible so that ploughboys should be more educated than the clergyman himself. -- He travelled to London to ask the Bishop, Cuthbert Tunstall, for support in his work. Tunstall rebuffed him. At this time, king Henry VIII was still the defender of the Catholic faith. Realising he could not translate the Bible in England, Tyndale accepted the help of a London merchant and went to Germany in 1524. He never returned to England, but lived a hand-to-mouth existence, dodging the Roman Catholic authorities. In 1525, he and his secretary moved to Cologne, Germany and began printing the New Testament. But Tyndale was betrayed, and fled up the Rhine to Worms. Here he started printing again, and the first complete printed New Testament in English appeared in February 1526. Copies began to arrive in England about a month later. In October, Tunstall had all the copies he could trace gathered and burned at St Paul's Cross in London. Still they circulated. Tunstall arranged to buy them before they left the continent, so that they could be burned in bulk. Tyndale used the money this brought him for further translation and revision. At the same time, he wrote polemical treatises and expositions of the Bible. He began the Old Testament, apparently in Antwerp: Foxe tells how, sailing to Hamburg to print Deuteronomy, he was shipwrecked and lost everything, 'both money, his copies, and time', and started all over again, completing the Pentateuch between Easter and December. Back in Antwerp, Tyndale printed it in early January, 1530. Copies were in England by the summer. Revisions and shorter translations followed. -- Tyndale's writings were popular in England. Henry VIII, fearing Tyndale's influence, sent an ambassador to persuade him to return to England. In a secret, nighttime meeting outside Antwerp city walls, Tyndale agreed that he would return to England, if the king would print an English Bible. By the time Henry published his Great Bible, Tyndale was already dead. In 1535, the fanatical Englishman Henry Phillips betrayed him to the Antwerp authorities and had him kidnapped. He was imprisoned at Vilvoorde, near Brussels, for sixteen months. A letter from him, in Latin, has survived, asking for a lamp, a blanket, and Hebrew texts, grammar and dictionary, so that he could study. Even Thomas Cromwell, the most powerful man next to King Henry VIII, moved to get him released: but Phillips in Belgium, acting for the papal authorities, blocked all the moves. -- On the morning of 6 October 1536, now in the hands of the secular forces, he was taken to the place of execution, tied to the stake, strangled and burned. His last words reportedly were: "Oh Lord, open the King of England's eyes."



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 3. 1522 A.D. to 1880 A.D. - Indigenous Bible translations and Church Doctrines era - The Reformation

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Amazon: Empires Collection - The Dynasties - Egypt's Golden Empire / **The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance / Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire / The Roman Empire in the First Century / The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization) - Empires Collection:

Egypt's Golden Empire: In 1570 B.C., when Rome was still a marsh and the Acropolis was an empty rock, Egypt was already 1000 years old. Although the period of the pyramid-builders was long over, Egypt lay on the threshold of its greatest age. The New Kingdom would be an empire forged by conquest, maintained by intimidation and diplomacy, and remembered long after its demise. Led by a dynasty of rich personalities, whose dramatic lives changed the course of civilization, Egypt's Golden Empire presents the most extraordinary period in Egyptian history: from 1570 B.C. to 1070 B.C., when the Egyptian Empire reached its zenith. -- The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance - From a small Italian community in 15th century Florence, the Medici family would rise to rule Europe in many ways. Using charm, patronage, skill, duplicity and ruthlessness, they would amass unparalleled wealth and unprecedented power. They would also ignite the most important cultural and artistic revolution in Western history- the European Renaissance. But the forces of change the Medici helped unleash would one day topple their ordered world. An epic drama played out in the courts, cathedrals and palaces of Europe, this series is both the tale of one family's powerful ambition and of Europe's tortured struggle to emerge from the ravages of the Dark Ages. -- Japan: Memoirs Of A Secret Empire - Commanding shoguns and samurai warriors, exotic geisha and exquisite artisans -- all were part of the Japanese "renaissance" -- a period between the 16th and 19th centuries when Japan went from chaos and violence to a land of ritual refinement and peace. But stability came at a price: for nearly 250 years, Japan was a land closed to the Western world, ruled by the Shogun under his absolute power and control. Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire brings to life the unknown story of a mysterious empire, its relationship to the West, and the forging of a nation that would emerge as one of the most important countries in the world. -- The Roman Empire in the First Century: Two thousand years ago, at the dawn of the first century, the ancient world was ruled by Rome. Through the experiences, memories and writings of the people who lived it, this series tells the story of that time - the emperors and slaves, poets and plebeians, who wrested order from chaos, built the most cosmopolitan society the world had ever seen and shaped the Roman empire in the first century A.D. -- The Greeks: Crucible [melting pot] of Civilization - The Greeks - Classical Greece of the 4th and 5th centuries, B.C. was a magnificent civilization that laid the foundations for modern science, politics, warfare, and philosophy, and produced some of the most breathtaking art and architecture the world has ever known. Through the eyes and words of the great heroes of ancient Greece, this dazzling production charts the rise, triumph, and eventual decline of the world's first democracy. Now, through dramatic storytelling and state-of-the-art computer animation, you witness history, art, and government with giants like Pericles, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire
  • Christian Videos

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Johannes Gutenberg - His early training was in goldsmithing - Gutenberg had the idea of utilizing techniques of metalworking, such as casting, punch-cutting, and stamping, for the mass production of books. European books at this time were hand written by

Johannes Gutenberg was born into a noble family of the city of Mainz, Germany. His early training was in goldsmithing. In 1428, he moved to Strasbourg for political reasons, where he remained for over 20 years. It was in Strasbourg that he probably made his first experiments with moveable type. -- Gutenberg had the idea of utilizing techniques of metalworking, such as casting, punch-cutting, and stamping, for the mass production of books. European books at this time were hand written by scribes in a gothic script with many flourishes and ligatures (interconnected letter pairs). To reproduce this "look" Gutenberg fashioned a font of over 300 characters, far larger than the fonts of today. To make this possible, he invented the variable-width mold, and perfected the blend of lead, antimony, and tin used by type foundries up to the present century. -- Many years of Gutenberg's life are lost to history, but by 1450 he was back in Mainz at work on a printing press. Between 1450 and 1455, while preparing to produce a large folio Latin Bible, Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books, a calendar, and a papal Letter of Indulgence. The Bible of 42 lines, the oldest surviving printed book in the western world, was completed by August 15, 1456, and while it is now credited to Gutenberg, he appears to have been relieved of his supervisory position, and his press, before the time of its publication. In fact, no printed material was ever credited to Gutenberg during his lifetime. -- Gutenberg is also believed to have worked on the Catholicon of Johannes de Janua, an enormous encyclopedia: 748 pages in two columns of 66 lines each. In later years, he received a position as a courtier to the archbishop of Mainz, and was buried in the town's Franciscan church.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire

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Wikipedia: Johannes Gutenberg (1398 - February 3, 1468) was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer and publisher who probably introduced movable type to Europe, and is likely to have developed the earliest European printing press - He is sometimes said to have

Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and may well have been refined and perfected by others. The process quickly replaced most of the manuscript methods of book-production throughout the world. Woodblock printing and manuscript rubrication continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process. His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible. -- Legacy: Although Gutenberg was financially unsuccessful in his lifetime, the printing technologies spread quickly, and news and books began to travel across Europe much faster than before. It fed the growing Renaissance, and since it greatly facilitated scientific publishing, it was a major catalyst for the later scientific revolution. The capital of printing in Europe shifted to Venice, where visionary printers like Aldus Manutius ensured widespread availability of the major Greek and Latin texts. The claims of an Italian origin for movable type have also focused on this rapid rise of Italy in movable-type printing. This may perhaps be explained by the prior eminence of Italy in the paper and printing trade. Additionally, Italy's economy was growing rapidly at the time, facilitating the spread of literacy. Christopher Columbus had a geographical book (printed by movable types) bought by his father. That book is in a Spanish museum. Finally, the city of Mainz was sacked in 1462, driving many (including a number of printers and punch cutters) into exile. -- **Printing was also a factor in the Reformation. Martin Luther's 95 Theses were printed and circulated widely; subsequently he issued broadsheets outlining his anti-indulgences position (certificates of indulgences were one of the first items Gutenberg had printed). The broadsheet contributed to development of the newspaper. -- In the decades after Gutenberg, many conservative patrons looked down on cheap printed books; books produced by hand were considered more desirable. Today there is a large antique market for the earliest printed objects. Books printed prior to 1500 are known as incunabula. There are many statues of Gutenberg in Germany, including the famous one by Bertel Thorvaldsen (1837) in Mainz, home to the eponymous Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and the Gutenberg Museum on the history of early printing. The later publishes the Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, the leading periodical in the field. Project Gutenberg [www.gutenberg.org], the oldest digital library [of FREE eBooks], commemorates Gutenberg's name. In 1961 the Canadian philosopher and scholar Marshall McLuhan entitled his pioneering study in the fields of print culture, cultural studies, and media ecology, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. Gutenberg remains a towering figure in the popular image. In 1999, the A&E Network ranked Gutenberg the No. 1 most influential person of the second millennium on their "Biographies of the Millennium" countdown. In 1997, Time-Life magazine picked Gutenberg's invention as the most important of the second millennium. In space, he is commemorated in the name of the asteroid 777 Gutemberga. A French opera on his life, by Philippe Manoury, was staged in Strasbourg in September 2011.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire

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Wikipedia: Family name, Last Name - In Ireland, the use of surnames have a very old history - Ireland was the first country in Europe to use fixed surnames - As noted in the Annals, the first recorded fixed surname was Ó Cleirigh which recorded the d

In England, the introduction of family names is generally attributed to the Normans and the Domesday Book of 1086. Documents indicate that surnames were first adopted among the feudal nobility and gentry, and only slowly spread to the other parts of society. Some of the early Norman nobility arriving in England during the Norman Conquest differentiated themselves by affixing 'de' (of) in front of the name of their village in France. This is what is known as a territorial surname, a consequence of feudal landownership. In medieval times in France, such a name indicated lordship, or ownership, of the village. But some early Norman nobles in England chose to drop the French derivations and call themselves instead after their new English holdings. -- True surnames, in the sense of hereditary appellations, date in England from about the year 1000. Largely they were introduced from Normandy, although there are records of Saxon, surnames prior to the Norman Conquest. By the end of the twelfth century hereditary names had become common in England. But even as late as 1465 they were not universal. During the reign of Edward V (between April and June, 1483) a law was passed to compel certain Irish to adopt surnames as **a method to track and control them more: "They shall take unto them a Surname, either of some Town, or some Colour, as Black or Brown, or some Art or Science, as Smyth or Carpenter, or some Office, as Cooke or Butler." (ramsdale.org/surname.htm)



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire

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Wikipedia: Battle of Hastings 1066 A.D. - The Battle of Hastings occurred on 14 October 1066 A.D. during the Norman conquest of England, between the Norman-French army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army under King Harold II - It took plac

King Harold II was killed in the battle-legend has it that he was shot through the eye with an arrow. He was the last English king to die in battle on English soil until Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field. The battle marked the last successful foreign invasion of the British Isles. Although there was further English resistance, this battle is seen as the point at which William gained control of England, becoming its first Norman ruler as King William I. The battle also established the superiority of the combined arms attack over an army predominately composed of infantry, demonstrating the effectiveness of archers, cavalry and infantry working cooperatively together. The dominance of cavalry forces over infantry would continue until the emergence of the longbow, and battles such as Crecy, Poitiers and Agincourt in the Hundred Years War. The famous Bayeux Tapestry depicts the events before and during the battle. Battle Abbey marks the site where it is believed that the battle was fought. Founded by King William "the Conqueror" (as he became known), it serves as a memorial to the dead and may have been an act of penance for the bloodshed. The site is open to the public and is the location of annual re-enactments of the battle. -- The Battle of Hastings had a tremendous influence on the English language. The Normans were French-speaking, and as a result of their rule, they introduced many French words that started in the nobility and eventually became part of the English language itself.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 2. 313 A.D. to 1521 A.D. - Revised Rome and the Holy Roman Empire

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The Muratorian Canon Fragment (about A.D. 155) - It is called a fragment because the beginning of it is missing - The Muratorian Fragment is [among] the oldest known list of New Testament books - the list itself is dated to about 170 A.D. because its auth

The Muratorian Fragment is the oldest known list of New Testament books. It was discovered by Ludovico Antonio Muratori in a manuscript in the Ambrosian Library in Milan, and published by him in 1740. It is called a fragment because the beginning of it is missing. Although the manuscript in which it appears was copied during the seventh century, the list itself is dated to about 170 because its author refers to the episcopate of Pius I of Rome (died 157) as recent. He mentions only two epistles of John, without describing them. The Apocalypse of Peter is mentioned as a book which "some of us will not allow to be read in church." A very helpful and detailed discussion of this document is to be found in Bruce Metzger's The Canon of the New Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987), pp. 191-201.



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 1. 0 A.D. to 312 A.D. - Birth of Jesus and the early Church Age