The present invention provides transgenic soybean event MON87769, and cells, seeds, and plants comprising DNA diagnostic for the soybean event. The invention also provides compositions comprising nucleotide sequences that are diagnostic for said soybean event in a sample, methods for detecting the presence of said soybean event nucleotide sequences in a sample, probes and primers for use in detecting nucleotide sequences that are diagnostic for the presence of said soybean event in a sample, growing the seeds of such soybean event into soybean plants, and breeding to produce soybean plants comprising DNA diagnostic for the soybean event.

Provided is a magnetic disk comprising a lubricating layer formed of a lubricant. The lubricant constituting the lubricating layer has excellent properties, for example, excellent fluidity, surface energy, and CFT properties. By virtue of the excellent properties, the magnetic disk has a high level of reliability despite a low flying height of a magnetic head due to a recent rapid increase in recording density and a very severe environment resistance requirement due to diversification of applications. The magnetic disk comprises a substrate and at least a magnetic layer, a protective layer, and a lubricating layer provided in that order over the substrate. The lubricating layer is formed of a lubricant that is a mixture of a specific perfluoropolyether lubricant with a lubricant formed of a compound comprising perfluoropolyether groups having a perfluoropolyether main chain in the structure thereof and having a hydroxyl group at the end thereof, the perfluoropolyether groups being bonded to each other through a divalent linking group having at least two hydroxyl groups in the structure thereof.

The present invention provide a two-component anti-seizure agent for hot metal working process comprising the first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution, wherein the first aqueous solution contains 10˜30 mass % of sodium silicate equivalent to anhydride to 100 mass % of total mass of the first aqueous solution, and the second aqueous solution contains at least one kind selected from a group consisting of: an organic acid and water-soluble amine salts thereof, an inorganic acid and water-soluble amine salts thereof, a water-soluble amine, a water-soluble alcohol, and a water-soluble metal chloride. When the two-component anti-seizure agent is applied onto disk-roll type guide shoes, it can be provided and maintained on the circumferential surface of the disk-roll type guide shoes without washed away by rolls' cooling water. Thereby, the anti-seizure agent does not adhere to rolls and the rolls and a pipe material do not cause slippage each other. Thus, it is capable to carry out piercing-rolling of the pipe material.

The engine oil additive contains multiple 300 to 500 nm-long polygonal plate-shaped silver crystal particles. The engine oil contains a base oil and the engine oil additive. The method of adding the additive to an engine oil includes adding multiple 300 to 500-nm-long polygonal plate-shaped silver crystal particles as an additive to the engine oil.

The lubricating oil composition of the invention comprises a lubricating base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1-20 mm2/s, and a viscosity index improver having a ratio M1/M2 of 0.20 or greater, between the total area of the peaks between chemical shifts of 36-38 ppm M1 and the total area of the peaks between chemical shifts of 64-66 ppm M2, with respect to the total area of all of the peaks, in the spectrum obtained by 13C-NMR. The lubricating oil composition of the invention has excellent effects, with a sufficiently high HTHS viscosity at 150° C., and a sufficiently low kinematic viscosity at 40° C., a sufficiently low kinematic viscosity at 100° C. and a sufficiently low HTHS viscosity at 100° C.

Polymeric compositions and methods for making and using the same are provided. The polymeric composition can include a first ethylene-based copolymer and a second ethylene-based copolymer. The first ethylene-based copolymer can have a weight percent of ethylene-derived units based on a weight of the polymeric composition (EA) ranging from about 35 wt % to about 52 wt % and a weight-average molecular weight (MwA) of less than or equal to 130,000. The second ethylene-based copolymer can have a weight percent of ethylene-derived units based on the weight of the polymeric composition (EB) ranging from about 65 wt % to about 85 wt % and a weight-average molecular weight (MwB) of less than 130,000.

Provided is a magnetic disk that is excellent in durability, particularly in LUL durability and CFT properties, and thus has high reliability despite the low flying height of a magnetic head following the rapid increase in recording density in recent years and despite the very strict environmental resistance following the diversification of applications. A magnetic disk (10) has at least a magnetic layer (6), a carbon-based protective layer (7), and a lubricating layer (8) provided in this order over a substrate (1). The lubricating layer (8) contains a compound having a perfluoropolyether main chain in a structure thereof and having a polar group other than at ends of a molecule thereof.

Disclosed herein are silicone wax emulsions and methods of manufacturing the same. One method of manufacturing silicone wax emulsions as disclosed herein comprises charging alpha-olefins of C-18 or greater chain length to a heating and mixing vessel along with undecylenic acid and blocking the carboxylic acid of the undecylenic acid with a compound containing a trimethylsilyl group by adding the compound in sufficient quantity and heating as a melt until blocking is complete. While maintaining a melt temperature, a silicone polymer containing methyl hydrogen siloxy units is added, followed by a hydrosilation reaction catalyst to effect a hydrosilation reaction. This results in an acid functional silicone polymer. The acid functional silicone polymer is combined with an emulsifier, and the molten combination is added to a stirred solution of alkaline agent and water that has been heated to a temperature above the silicone wax melting point. This process produces silicone wax emulsions with excellent qualities.

Disclosed are rheology modifiers comprising compositionally disperse polymeric compositions and/or crystallinity disperse polymeric compositions that may be useful in modifying the rheological properties of lubrication fluids, and methods for making such compositions. The compositionally disperse polymeric composition are formed from at least two discrete compositions of ethylene copolymers. The crystallinity disperse polymeric composition are formed from ethylene copolymers having at least two discrete values of residual crystallinity.

Provided is a method for preparing a grease composition, which comprises mixing an amine in a lubricating bas oil and an isocyanate in a lubricating base oil under high pressure and high flow rate impingement. In one embodiment, the mixing and reaction occurs in a reaction injection molding device. The resulting grease composition is an extremely low noise grease, being virtually clear of any urea thickener particles.

A method for screening a lubricating oil composition having at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and at least one lubricating oil additive is provided, the method comprising the steps of (a) inputting into a computational device an amount of each of the at least one lubricating oil additive, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and, optionally, a value of at least one property associated with each of the at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) computing a prediction of at least one lubricating oil composition property-determining test result for the lubricating oil composition; (c) computing a cost for the lubricating oil composition; and (d) outputting the results. Also provided are systems and computer program devices for screening lubricating oil compositions.

The present invention is directed to a method for improving one or more of the control of deposit formation and friction in an engine lubricated using a lubricating oil comprising a base oil and additives by employing as the additive the necessary combination of a borated hydroxyl saturated hydrocarbyl ester amide-amine mixture, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, and metal salicylate detergent, the deposit formation and friction being improved as compared to a lubricating oil containing the borated hydroxyl saturated hydrocarbyl ester amide-amine mixture, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and a detergent other than metal salicylate, such as metal phosphate and/or metal sulfonate.

An oil-soluble lubricating oil additive composition comprising (a) at least 3.5 wt-% of at least one friction modifier selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty acid esters, and alkane diols which have a melting point of greater than 30° C.; (b) at least 10 wt-% actives dispersant; and (c) a sufficient amount of surfactant to make said additive composition haze-, sediment-, and skin-free, provided that said additive composition contains at least 150 mm surfactant per kg of said lubricating oil additive composition.

The present invention relates to a method of driveline device by supplying to the driveline device a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an antiwear package, wherein the antiwear package includes: (a) derivatives of a carboxylic acid (typically a hydroxycarboxylic acid); and (b) a phosphorus compound. The invention further provides lubricating compositions containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an antiwear package, wherein the antiwear package includes (a) derivatives of a carboxylic acid (typically a hydroxycarboxylic acid); and (b) an amine or metal salt of a phosphorus compound that is either (i) a hydroxy-substituted di-ester of (thio)phosphoric acid, or (ii) a phosphorylated hydroxy-substituted di- or tri-ester of (thio)phosphoric acid.

Provided are a lubricant composition capable of reducing friction between sliding parts at least one of which contains an aluminum-based material in a lubrication section, and a method for lubricating an aluminum-based member with the composition. The lubricant composition is for use in a lubrication section having sliding parts at least one of which contains an aluminum-based material, and contains a lubricant base oil and at least one of a phosphorus-containing carboxylic compound and a metal salt thereof (component (A)) at 0.001 to 1 mass % of the composition in terms of phosphorus. The composition may suitably be used as lubricant such as drive train lubricant for automatic or manual transmissions, grease, wet brake oil, hydraulic actuation oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, bearing oil, refrigerant oil, and the like used in apparatus having the sliding parts.

A carriage is moved in a direction including a Y axis component in order to move a turning process tool that is attached to a tool spindle along a horizontal line that is perpendicular to a Z axis, and thus, a turning process is carried out on a workpiece which is attached to a workpiece spindle.

A system for loading/unloading sheets is disclosed, some of which also being of metal, and handling method thereof, serving a laser cutting center. The system includes a pair of rails (1, 2), supported at a preset height above a feeding tray (T) of the cutting center, whereon at least one Cartesian robotized hand is movably mounted, capable of moving along horizontal axes X and Y as well as along a vertical axis Z, mutually orthogonal, and including at least two bridge cranes (3, 4) sliding along the rails (1, 2) each of which supports at least one pair of robotized hands (5-8), and the robotized hands (5-8) have an electromagnetic pick-up head which may be coupled with a suction-cup device (103). Feeding tray (T) consists of bars whereon small tesserae (204) of ceramic material are fitted.

There is provided a component mounting apparatus, which includes: a nozzle which sucks a component; a nozzle supporting member, on which the nozzle is installed, which moves in a vertical direction with respect to an upper surface of a substrate on which the component sucked at the nozzle is mounted; an optical system which captures an image of a leading edge portion of the nozzle where the component is sucked in a component mounting operation, from a side direction, such that an optical axis of the optical system is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a sucking surface of the nozzle; and an analyzer which analyzes the image of the leading edge portion to determine whether a sucking state of the component sucked by the nozzle is normal or abnormal.

A welding tip replacement apparatus is used for a welding torch that includes a tubular tip connection body, a tubular retaining member fitted over the tip connection body, and a tubular welding tip fitted within the tip connection body, the welding torch being configured such that displacing the retaining member toward the proximal end of the tip connection body along the axis of the tip connection body causes the welding tip axially fastened to the tip connection body to be released. The apparatus includes a first grasping mechanism grasping the retaining member, a second grasping mechanism grasping the welding tip protruding from the retaining member in a direction away from the distal end of the tip connection body, a first driving mechanism driving the first grasping mechanism axially, and a second driving mechanism driving the second grasping mechanism axially.

A combination component handling and connecting device connectable to a multi-axis robot for use in moving and connecting components and subassemblies includes a housing and an actuator fixedly connected to the housing. The actuator includes an actuating link movable from a first position to a second position. Connected to the actuating link is an end effector for concurrent movement with the actuating link. The component handling and connecting device includes a clamp having a first jaw and a second jaw. The second jaw is connected to the actuating link for selectively moving the second jaw toward the first jaw operative to engage a component.

The disclosure provides a method and a system for detecting a fiber fault in a Passive Optical Network (PON). The system comprises an optical path detection device, a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) coupler, a wavelength selection coupler, a branch fiber selector and a wavelength selection router. The detection system is attached to an original PON system, without influencing the operation of the original system while performing the detection. With the disclosure, the problem of being unable to determine whether there is a fault in a branch fiber due to the loss of an optical path detection reflection signal is solved, the branch fiber with a fault can be quickly located and fixed, thus the operational and maintenance costs of an operator are reduced.

A system and method are disclosed for transporting deterministic traffic in a gigabit passive optical network. A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, an Optical Line Termination (OLT) for exchanging data traffic in a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) having a controller programmed to generate a timeslot schedule for transport of a desired bandwidth of constant bit rate (CBR) data traffic by selecting one or more timeslots from periodic frame clusters operating according to a GPON Transmission Convergence (GTC) protocol. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

A method and apparatus for controlling update of digital pre-distortion (DPD) coefficient is provided. The apparatus is applicable to a digital power control system, wherein the apparatus comprises: an update controlling unit configured to determine a group of fully-trained DPD coefficients among a plurality of DPD coefficients; and a DPD coefficient generating unit configured to update adaptively the group of fully-trained DPD coefficients according to the result of judgment of the update controlling unit. The DPD coefficients are allowed to be updated after being judged as being able to be fully trained according to power distribution information of DPD input signals, or according to address distribution information of an LUT, or according to average power of output of an HPA; otherwise, they may not be updated, thereby efficiently preventing DPD abnormality resulted from unfull training of coefficients in being updated.

The disclosure discloses an apparatus and method for rerouting multiple traffics. The apparatus includes a path computation unit and a traffic path incorporation unit, the path computation unit forwards a received uniform route computation notification message including multiple pieces of failed traffic connection information to the traffic path incorporation unit, and also forwards a route inquiry request transmitted from the head node of the fault traffic to the traffic path incorporation unit; the traffic path incorporation unit analyzes and detects the failed traffic connection information according to traffic incorporating and route inquiry statistic algorithm, and uniformly obtains and records the recovery route information from the path computation unit; when receiving the route inquiry request forwarded by the path computation unit, the traffic path incorporation unit is further configured to search the record according to the route inquiry request, and return the found corresponding recovery route information to the head node which requests the recovery through the path computation unit. The disclosure uses a incorporating and uniform route inquiry method, the resource loss of the path computation unit is reduced, and the efficiency of link restoration is improved.

An optical transceiver has a communications mode and an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) mode. The transceiver comprises a transmitter channel and a receiver channel operable, in the communications mode, to respectively transmit and receive communications signals through respective external optical fibers. The transceiver also comprises a guide arrangement for guiding, in the OTDR mode, a reflected OTDR signal along a path from the transmitter channel into the receiver channel. A method of obtaining test data for an optical fiber in an optical data communications subsystem is also disclosed.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for allocating bandwidth to a plurality of traffic containers of a passive optical network. The method comprises receiving upstream data from a plurality of traffic containers of the passive optical network and passing the upstream data to a traffic manager. The method further comprises dynamically changing the allocated bandwidth based at least in part on the amount of the upstream data stored in one or more queues of the traffic manager.

The invention provides optical interconnects of data-processing cores of multicore chips by means of digital planar holographic microchips. The method comprises delivering “N” laser lights to “N” data-processing cores on the host chip, coding the obtained optical signals by modulating them with the core-generated data, and then delivering the modulated and coded optical signals to a holographic microchip formed on the same substrate of the host chip as the data-processing cores, splitting the modulated and coded optical signals into (N−1)N modulated optical copy signals, delivering the copy signals to all data-processing cores except the one that generates the copy signals, and decoding the data obtained from the output signals delivered to the processing cores by the receivers. The method is efficient in that it allows replacing electrical interconnects between the cores with optical interconnects and can be matched to current semiconductor production technology.

A method of controlling consumer devices using an infrared dongle coupled to a mobile device includes receiving power for the infrared dongle from the mobile device. The infrared dongle includes an infrared transmitter coupled to a microcontroller. One or more instructions are received in the microcontroller from the mobile device. The received one or more instructions are generated from codes stored in a memory of the mobile device. In response to the receiving, one or more infrared signals are transmitted via the infrared transmitter to at least one of the consumer devices.

A transmitter and a receiver for an optical telecommunication system of the WDM type are disclosed. In one aspect, the transmitter uses a chromato-temporal encoder which, with each block of symbols to be transmitted, associates a code matrix, where each element of the matrix corresponds to a wavelength and a use of the channel. The transmitter includes multiple modulators, where each modulator modulates a laser beam at a wavelength during a use of the channel by an element corresponding to the code matrix. The beams modulated in this manner are multiplexed in an optical fiber. Another embodiment using both a wavelength and a polarization encoding is also proposed.

A fiber optic data transmission system includes an optical fiber and a data transmitter having a first laser having a first wavelength, a first phase modulator for phase modulating light from the first laser as a function of a first data input stream so as to create a first phase-modulated output data stream, a second laser having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, and a second phase modulator for phase modulating light from the second laser as a function of a second data input stream so as to create a second phase-modulated output data stream. The transmitter also includes a combiner combining the first and second output data streams into a phase-modulated optical signal for transmission over the optical fiber.

Methods and apparatus related to the detection of low-rate visible light communication (VLC) signals and the recovery of information communicated by the VLC signals are described. Various methods and apparatus are well suited for embodiments in which a device, e.g., a smartphone, including a camera which uses a rolling shutter. The rolling shutter facilitates the collection of different time snapshots of a received low rate time varying VLC signal with different pixel rows in the image sensor of a frame corresponding to different time snapshots. In some embodiments, demodulation is used to recover and identify a single tone being communicated in a frame from among a plurality of possible alternative tones that may be communicated, each different tone corresponding to a different set of information bits.

A pre-emphasis control method includes calculating an average value of transmission characteristics based on transmission characteristics of a plurality of light beams received by a receiver, and determining that, among signals of the plurality of light beams, a wavelength with a deviation from the average value is a wavelength at which control is to be performed, determining that the wavelength at which control is to be performed and a wavelength adjacent thereto are a group of wavelengths at which control is to be performed, obtaining an average of transmission characteristics of the group of wavelengths at which control is to be performed, and based on a difference between averaged transmission characteristics and respective transmission characteristics of the group of wavelengths at which control is to be performed, changing a light intensity output from each transmitter that transmits a group of wavelengths at which control is to be performed.

Provided is a polarization separation device which converges filter coefficients used in polarization separating process more quickly. The polarization separation device according to the present invention comprises: a first filter means 11 which applies filtering process on each of first and second input signals, which are detected from an received optical signal, with elements of a characteristic matrix representing the inverse characteristics of an optical transmission path as filter coefficients, and uses each of the filtered signals to output a first output signal; a second filter means 12 which applies filtering process on each of the first and second input signals with the other elements of the characteristic matrix as filter coefficients, and uses each of the filtered signals to output a second output signal; a filter coefficient update means 13 which updates the first filter coefficients using a relation between the elements of the characteristic matrix so as to further reduce both error signals of the first and second output signals; and a filter coefficient update means 14 which updates the second filter coefficients using the relation between the elements of the characteristic matrix so as to further reduce both error signals to the first and second output signals.

An apparatus and method for fault indication and localization in a Passive Optical Network (PON) comprising a multistage power splitter (100, 200, 300) with at least one 1:N splitter (120, 221, 222, 321, 322) followed by N items of 2:M splitters (131, 132, 231-233, 331-336), wherein N and M are integers greater than 1. The apparatus also comprises an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) device (110, 210, 310) capable of inserting an OTDR signal into the power splitter (100, 200, 300), and adapted to insert the OTDR signal between the first stage of the at least one 1:N splitter (120, 221, 222, 321, 322) and the second N items of 2:M splitters (131, 132, 231-233, 331-336).

The present invention refers to a method for adjusting power levels of channels (15) in an optical link (7) of an optical network comprising at least one optical amplifier (9) wherein the power distribution among the channels (15) of the optical link (7) is achieved in function of: target power levels based on the features of corresponding connections and of link physical features,total available power in said at least one amplifier (9),features of control means allowing the power distribution, and wherein for a channel corresponding to a connection having a higher vulnerability characterizing parameter, the tolerated difference between an actual channel power level and the target power level is lower than for a channel corresponding to a connection having a lower vulnerability characterizing parameter.

An optical transport network system includes a plurality of NEs, each transmitting wavelength-multiplexed optical signals. Each NE includes a routing information DB that is used to store reachable area information, which contains identifiers of other NEs in a range within which the optical signals can be transmitted from the own NE without using an REG. A FROM NE includes a path candidate searching unit that searches for a plurality of path candidates for transmitting optical signals from the FROM NE to a TO NE. The TO NE includes a path selecting unit that selects a path for transmitting optical signals from among a plurality of path candidates. The path selecting unit obtains the number of times for which the REG is used for each of the plurality of path candidates; and, based on each number of times that is obtained, selects a path for transmitting the optical signals.

A method for adjusting an optical signal includes determining a polarization dependent loss (PDL) value associated with the optical signal, determining an angle between the optical signal and one or more axes of PDL, determining an amount of nonlinear phase noise due to PDL and nonlinear effects upon the optical signal based upon the PDL value and the angle, determining a phase rotation based upon the amount of nonlinear phase noise, and applying the phase rotation to the optical signal.

Optical fiber-based distributed communications systems that provide and support both RF communication services and digital data services are disclosed herein. The RF communication services and digital data services can be distributed over optical fiber to client devices, such as remote antenna units for example. In certain embodiments, digital data services can be distributed over optical fiber separate from optical fiber distributing RF communication services. In other embodiments, digital data services can be distributed over common optical fiber with RF communication services. For example, digital data services can be distributed over common optical fiber with RF communication services at different wavelengths through wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and/or at different frequencies through frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). Power distributed in the optical fiber-based distributed communications system to provide power to remote antenna units can also be accessed to provide power to digital data service components.

In the present invention, wasted power consumption caused when a clock and data recovery unit in an optical network unit in a PON system is activated from a power-saving state is reduced and rapid, secure communication is performed. A clock and data recovery unit includes a phase-locked loop that can be set to normal mode or power-saving mode and that includes a voltage-controlled oscillator and recovers a clock signal and a data signal from input signals. The clock and data recovery unit includes a reference clock multiplier circuit that multiplies a reference clock signal and outputs the multiplied reference clock signal; and a frequency training loop that includes the same voltage-controlled oscillator and performs synchronous oscillation training by the voltage-controlled oscillator using the reference clock multiplier circuit before the phase-locked loop transitions from power-saving mode to normal mode.

The invention relates to embedding data symbols of a data signal into a luminance output of an illumination device. The device includes a controller configured for receiving a first base pattern and a second base pattern within a frame period, and generating a shifted second pattern by phase shifting the second base pattern within the frame period with respect to the first base pattern in response to the data signal such that the data symbols are embedded in the luminance output of the device. The device also includes a first light source configured to generate a first luminance output in response to the first base pattern and a second light source configured to generate a second luminance output in response to the shifted second pattern. The first and second luminance outputs have different output spectra and the luminance output of the illumination device comprises both the first and second luminance outputs. With this approach, the short-time average light output of the illumination device remains constant, decreasing the visible flicker and allowing the use of lower switching frequencies relative to the prior art approaches.

A repeater includes a reception part configured to receive an optical signal transmitted by wavelength division multiplexing from a preceding repeater in a path from a source to a destination; a determination part configured to determine the channel allocation of the signal received by the reception part by determining a bit rate and a modulation technique with respect to each of channels in the received signal; and a detection part configured to detect a prohibited channel not to be included in the optical signal to be transmitted from the repeater, based on the channel allocation and a predetermined criterion.

A cutting insert (130) is formed to be rotationally symmetric with respect to an axis line (C3) of a height direction and to be planarly symmetric with respect to a virtual plane of the insert (VS1), an axis line (C2) of a traverse direction is gradually inclined toward the front of a rotational direction around which a workpiece (W) rotates moving toward a first traverse direction (C2A), an axis line (C1) of a longitudinal direction extends toward a lower surface side of an insert body (131) so as to approach a virtual plane of the tool moving toward a first longitudinal direction (C1A), and one corner portion (143C) in the other cutting edge (132B) is disposed further toward a first traverse direction (C2A) than one corner portion (143A) in one cutting edge (132A).

Milling cutter and method of operating same, and other machine tools, and an adjustment mechanism therefor. A cutting insert is adjusted by moving a resilient web with an adjusting screw.

A cutting insert of the present invention includes an upper surface; a lower surface; a side surface; a cutting edge which is located along an intersection of the upper surface and the side surface, and comprises a major cutting edge, a flat cutting edge, and a minor cutting edge located between the major cutting edge and the flat cutting edge; and a land part located along the cutting edge on the upper surface. The land part includes a minor cutting edge land portion located correspondingly to the minor cutting edge. The minor cutting edge land portion is inclined downward toward a central part of the upper surface. The present invention also provides a cutting tool including the cutting insert, and a method of manufacturing a machined product by using the cutting tool.

A cutting insert includes an upper surface; a lower surface; a side surface which is connected to each of the upper surface and the lower surface and includes a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface being adjacent to each other in order; an upper cutting edge including an upper major cutting edge located at an intersection of the upper surface and the first side surface, and an upper flat cutting edge located closer to the upper major cutting edge in an intersection of the upper surface and the second side surface; and a lower cutting edge including a lower major cutting edge located at an intersection of the lower surface and the third side surface, and a lower flat cutting edge located closer to the lower major cutting edge in an intersection of the lower surface and the second side surface. The second side surface comprises an upper flank surface connected to the upper flat cutting edge, and a lower flank surface connected to the lower flat cutting edge. As going from the upper surface to the lower surface, the upper flank surface is closer to a central axis extending between the upper surface and the lower surface and the lower flank surface is separated from the central axis in a side sectional view. A cutting tool including the cutting insert, and a method of manufacturing a machined product by using the cutting tool are also provided.

In a cutting tool for chip removing machining a holder for a cutter has a body received therein and movable with surfaces to bear against the cutter for defining the position of the cutter in the direction of an intended axis of rotation of the holder as well as a screw which may be screwed in a threaded bore in the holder. Spring members are arranged to act between the holder and the body for biasing the body against said screw portions.

A cutting insert having excellent chip discharge performance is provided. The cutting insert (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper surface (2), a lower surface (3), a side surface (4) connected to the upper surface (2) and the lower surface (3), and a cutting edge (5) which is located at an intersection of the upper surface (2) and the side surface (4), and includes a major cutting edge (51) and a flat cutting edge (52). The major cutting edge (51) includes a major cutting section (512) which has a concave shape and is inclined downward as a straight line connecting both ends thereof is away from the flat cutting edge (52) in a side view. A cutting tool (11) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the cutting insert (1) and a holder (10) configured to attach the cutting insert (1) thereto.

A cutting insert according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper surface; a lower surface; a side surface located between the upper surface and the lower surface; at least one concave part extending in a thickness direction in the side surface, and having one end thereof located at the upper surface; and a cutting edge which is located at an intersection region of the upper surface and the side surface, and is divided into a plurality of divided cutting edges with the at least one concave part interposed therebetween. The upper surface includes a first raised part located inwardly of the at least one concave part, and a plurality of second raised parts respectively located inwardly of the plurality of divided cutting edges. The plurality of the second raised parts are located inward compared to one end of the first raised part close to the cutting edge in a top view. A cutting tool including the cutting insert, and a method of manufacturing a machined product using the cutting tool are also provided.

A cutting insert according to an embodiment of the invention includes: an upper surface; a lower surface; a side surface which is connected to each of the upper surface and the lower surface, and includes a first side surface and a second side surface adjacent to each other; and a cutting edge including a major cutting edge located at an intersection of the upper surface and the first side surface, and a minor cutting edge located at an intersection of the upper surface and the second side surface. The upper surface includes a rake surface which is located along the major cutting edge, and is inclined downward as the upper surface separates from the major cutting edge. The second side surface includes a second upper constraining surface and a second lower constraining surface in order as the second side surface goes from the upper surface to the lower surface. The second upper constraining surface is inclined inward at an inclination angle α1 with reference to a central axis extending between the upper surface and the lower surface. The second lower constraining surface is continuous with the second upper constraining surface, and is inclined outward at an inclination angle α2 with reference to the central axis. A cutting tool with the cutting inserts, and a method of manufacturing a machined product by using the cutting tool are also provided.

A cutting tool used for grooving and turning operations where a cutting insert is resiliently securable in a holder blade. The cutting insert includes an insert central lower surface located between, and recessed with respect to, two insert lower component surfaces, each having an insert lower abutment surface. At least one of the two insert lower component surfaces includes an insert inner curved ramp extending from its insert lower abutment surface to the adjacent insert lower intermediate surface and at least the other of the two insert lower component surfaces includes an insert outer curved ramp extending from its insert lower abutment surface to an adjacent end surface.