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Why more women should choose a daily uniform

There's a lot to be said for simplifying one's wardrobe.




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Stop feeling guilty about your 'guilty pleasures'

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The power of mental 'rehearsal'

Choose your thoughts carefully, as they become more instinctive over time.




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5 ways to build community with food

Cooking for others and eating together bring people together like nothing else.




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Canada's Conservative leader blasts food guide for 'bias' against dairy

"Chocolate milk saved my son's life," Andrew Scheer said. So he has promised to rewrite the dietary guidelines if elected this fall.




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7 ways to welcome winter wildlife into your yard

Little things, like leaving brush piles and unraked leaves, can provide shelter to animals in a harsh season.




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10 ways to fight the winter blues

You have to create your own warmth and sunshine during these long dark months.




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Every Christmas my family builds a skating rink

Because when you have a lake at your doorstep and conveniently frigid temperatures, it's the logical thing to do.




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Victorian photos of frozen Niagara Falls

Humans have been marveling over this wintry spectacle since long before Instagram.




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What’s the relationship between education, income, and favoring the Pakistani Taliban?


The narratives on U.S. development aid to Pakistan—as well as Pakistan’s own development policy discussion—frequently invoke the conventional wisdom that more education and better economic opportunities result in lower extremism. In the debate surrounding the Kerry-Lugar-Berman bill in 2009, for instance, the late Ambassador Richard Holbrooke urged Congress to “target the economic and social roots of extremism in western Pakistan with more economic aid.”

But evidence across various contexts, including in Pakistan, has not supported this notion (see Alan Kreuger’s What Makes a Terrorist for a good overview of this evidence). We know that many terrorists are educated. And lack of education and economic opportunities do not appear to drive support for terrorism and terrorist groups. I have argued that we need to focus on the quality and content of the educational curricula—in Pakistan’s case, they are rife with biases and intolerance, and designed to foster an exclusionary identity—to understand the relationship between education and attitudes toward extremism.

My latest analysis with data from the March 2013 Pew Global Attitudes poll conducted in Pakistan sheds new light on the relationship between years of education and Pakistanis’ views of the Taliban, and lends supports to the conventional wisdom. The survey sampled 1,201 respondents throughout Pakistan, except the most insecure areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan. This was a time of mounting terror attacks by the Pakistani Taliban (a few months after their attack on Malala), and came at the tail end of the Pakistan People's Party’s term in power, before the May 2013 general elections.

On attitudes toward the Pakistani Taliban, or Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), 3 percent of respondents to the Pew poll said they had a very favorable view, 13 percent reported somewhat favorable views, while nearly 17 percent and 39 percent answered that they had somewhat unfavorable and very unfavorable views, respectively. A large percentage of respondents (28 percent) chose not to answer the question or said they did not know their views. This is typical with a sensitive survey question such as this one, in a context as insecure as Pakistan.

So overall levels of support for the TTP are low, and the majority of respondents report having unfavorable views. The non-responses could reflect those who have unfavorable views but choose not to respond because of fear, or those who may simply not have an opinion on the Pakistani Taliban.

The first part of my analysis cross-tabulates attitudes toward the TTP with education and income respectively. I look at the distribution of attitudes for each education and income category (with very and somewhat favorable views lumped together as favorable; similarly for unfavorable attitudes).

Figure 1. Pakistani views on the Pakistani Taliban, by education level, 2013

Figure 1 shows that an increasing percentage of respondents report unfavorable views of the Taliban as education levels rise; and there is a decreasing percentage of non-responses at higher education levels (suggesting that more educated people have more confidence in their views, stronger views, or less fear). However, the percentage of respondents with favorable views of the Taliban, hovering between 10-20 percent, is not that different across education levels, and does not vary monotonically with education. 

Figure 2. Pakistani views on the Pakistani Taliban, by income level, 2013

Figure 2 shows views on the Pakistani Taliban by income level. While the percentage of non-responses is highest for the lowest income category, the percentages responding favorably and unfavorably do not change monotonically with income. We see broadly similar distributions of attitudes across the four income levels.

But these cross-tabulations do not account for other factors that may affect attitudes: age, gender, and geographical location. Regressions (not shown here) accounting for these factors in addition to income and education show interesting results: relative to no education, higher education levels are associated with less favorable opinions of the Pakistani Taliban; these results are strongest for those with some university education, which is heartening. This confirms findings from focus groups I conducted with university students in Pakistan in May 2015. Students at public universities engaged in wide ranging political and social debates with each other on Pakistan and its identity, quoted Rousseau and Chomsky, and had more nuanced views on terrorism and the rest of the world relative to high school students I interviewed. This must at least partly be a result of the superior curriculum and variety of materials to which they are exposed at the college level.

My regressions also show that older people have more unfavorable opinions toward the Taliban, relative to younger people; this is concerning and is consistent with the trend toward rising extremist views in Pakistan’s younger population. The problems in Pakistan’s curriculum that began in the 1980s are likely to be at least partly responsible for this trend. Urban respondents seem to have more favorable opinions toward the Taliban than rural respondents; respondents from Punjab and Baluchistan have more favorable opinions toward the Taliban relative to those from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which as a province has had a closer and more direct experience with terror. The regression shows no relationship of income with attitudes, as was suggested by Figure 2.

Overall, the Pew 2013 data show evidence of a positive relationship between more education and lack of support for the Taliban, suggesting that the persisting but increasingly discredited conventional wisdom on these issues may hold some truth after all. These results should be complemented with additional years of data. That is what I will work on next.

Authors

      
 
 




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Venezuela: mais mercenários presos, incluindo dois veteranos das forças especiais dos EUA

Vários mercenários foram mortos e outros presos em La Guaira, em 3 de maio, enquanto tentavam desembarcar na Venezuela como parte de uma conspiração contra o governo Maduro. Em 4 de maio, outros oito mercenários foram presos na cidade costeira de Chuao, no estado de Aragua, entre eles dois ex-veteranos das forças especiais dos EUA.




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USA: Bernie Sanders and the lessons of the “Dirty Break” – Why socialists shouldn’t run as Democrats

The economic crisis and pandemic have made it patently clear that US capitalism is not at all exceptional. Like everything else in the universe, American capital’s political system is subject to sharp and sudden changes. After Bernie Sanders handily won the first few contests of the 2020 race for the Democratic nomination, he was seen as an unstoppable threat—prompting every other candidate to immediately fold up their campaigns and close ranks against him. After months of panicking over Bernie’s momentum, the ruling class finally managed to reverse the course of the electoral race—and they did it with unprecedented speed. Now, after an electrifying rollercoaster ride, Bernie Sanders’s campaign for the American presidency is over, and a balance sheet is needed.




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Brazil gripped by major political crisis in midst of Covid-19 pandemic

A major political crisis has broken out in Brazil. The Minister of Justice Moro resigned yesterday after president Bolsonaro removed the head of the Federal Police (FP) Valeixo, who had been nominated by Moro. The now former minister of justice has accused Bolsonaro of wanting to appoint a new FP head from whom he could get information in relation to cases involving Bolsonaro's sons, including the assassination of PSOL councillor Marielle Franco.




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Haiti: a people struggling for their destiny

This article was produced in Spanish some weeks before the coronavirus pandemic, which has obviously affected the situation in Haiti. There are around 70 confirmed cases in the country, and its fragile healthcare system means the virus could have a catastrophic impact if it takes hold. The hated president Jovenel Möise declared a state of emergency and lockdown in March. Protests continued all the way up to the lockdown, and violent clashes between the army and police over pay disrupted carnival in February, showing splits in the repressive state apparatus. Clearly, none of the fundamental issues have changed since this piece was written.




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USA: food scarcity and the “efficiency of the market”

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions tried to prepare for social isolation like they would for a blizzard—stocking up not just on toilet paper and sanitizer, but also on pantry basics like milk, eggs, flour, and beans. Faced with this sudden surge in demand, grocery stores across the country were completely overwhelmed. Not just shelves but entire stores were cleared out, so “one-per-customer” rules were established on select items and notices were posted detailing which were out of stock. As we have written elsewhere, the capitalists can’t efficiently sustain supply chains through a crisis such as this.




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Brazil: Bolsonaro intensifies the crisis of bourgeois institutions

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Venezuela foils mercenary incursion: Guaidó and Washington responsible

In the early hours of Sunday 3 May, Venezuelan police and armed forces foiled an attempt by armed men to disembark in Macuto, La Guaira, 35km from the capital Caracas. In the ensuing clashes eight mercenaries were killed and weapons were seized, both from speedboats and stored on land. According to the authorities, the attack had the aim of kidnapping Venezuelan officials and sparking a military coup.




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Venezuela: more mercenaries arrested including two US special forces veterans

A number of mercenaries had been killed and others arrested in La Guaira on 3 May while trying to disembark in Venezuela as part of a plot against the Maduro government. On 4 May, another eight mercenaries were arrested in the coastal town of Chuao in Aragua state, amongst them two former US special forces veterans.




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More details emerge of the mercenary military coup plot in Venezuela

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Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood Leaves a Legacy

Lahood presided over "the end of favoring motorized transportation at the expense of non-motorized."




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Micro-community of tiny homes flourishes on rehabilitated vacant lot

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Thousands of natural gas leaks from pipelines under Washington D.C.

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FedEx to test Nissan's electric e-NV200 delivery van in Washington DC area

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Will autonomous delivery robots soon be pushing pedestrians off the sidewalks?

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Minim now offers a tiny office on wheels

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March for Science in the works for DC

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Ollie the jailbreaking bobcat on the lam from National Zoo

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My totally unscientific ranking of public transit systems

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First residential building certified to the Fitwel standard

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Scenes from a Shutdown

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Jacques Tati's film Playtime was released 50 years ago, but has lessons for us today

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A tall tale of a telephone pole, or why pedestrians can't have a nice place to walk

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100 years ago a flu pandemic started, killing as many as 100 million

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Plywood homes were lighter and cheaper, and you could build them yourself

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Why are so many visions of the future dominated by cars?

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Tomorrow: 1945 movie shows the glorious future of prefab

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100 years ago, food helped win the war

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The inventors of insulin sold their patent for a buck. Why is it so expensive?

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Analysts expect 18GW of subsidy-free renewables in UK by 2030

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Finnish passenger ferry retrofits rotary sail to reduce emissions

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From bike lanes to solar, the UK has transformed itself since 2006

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Tour Facebook's New Energy Efficient Data Center (Video)

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PG&E; Replacing 1,600 Smart Meters with a Rare Defect Affecting Customers' Billing

Pacific Gas & Electric, a California-based utility, has been plagued with issues during their major push to get smart meters installed in every household in their area, from complaints about possible health