stem The Internal Systems, Part 1 B By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Thu, 10 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
stem The Internal Systems, Part 2 A By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
stem The Internal Systems, Part 2 B By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
stem The Internal Systems, Part 3 A By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
stem The Internal Systems, Part 3 B By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
stem The Internal Systems, Part 4 A By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
stem The Internal Systems, Part 4 B By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 18 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
stem Excess campaign funds used for drug war reward system, Duterte admits By newsinfo.inquirer.net Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 13:52:15 +0800 MANILA, Philippines — The excess campaign funds of then-president Rodrigo Duterte were used for the reward system of police officers during his administration’s brutal war on drugs. Duterte himself admitted this to Santa Rosa City Rep. Dan Fernandez during the House of Representatives quad committee during its 11th probe on his controversial anti-drug campaign. “I still remember that you mentioned na yung pera galing sa donation ng inyong campaign funds will be utilized for the reward system, that’s private money,” Fernandez said. (I still remember you mentioned that the money from the donation for your campaign funds would be utilized […]...Keep on reading: Excess campaign funds used for drug war reward system, Duterte admits Full Article
stem How Blue Carbon Ecosystems are Saving the Philippines’ Sinking Islands By www.ipsnews.net Published On :: Wed, 06 Nov 2024 10:02:37 +0000 Imagine living with water up to your knees for half of the year, where homes are flooded, and people constantly fear that the sea might one day engulf the town and everyone in it. This is the reality for the sinking islands in the Philippines—a cluster of four island barangays in Tubigon located in the […] Full Article Asia-Pacific Civil Society Climate Action Climate Change Environment Featured Headlines Human Rights Humanitarian Emergencies Small Island Developing States Sustainable Development Goals TerraViva United Nations IPS UN Bureau
stem Asian Development Blog: Four Ways to Strengthen Public Financial Management Systems and Drive Reform By www.adb.org Published On :: 2024-10-02 Public financial management systems in Asia and the Pacific face significant challenges, with many indicators falling short of international standards. Fixing these issues requires a strategic, transparent, and carefully timed approach to reform. Full Article
stem Asian Development Blog: Five Ways to Strengthen Public Financial Management Systems and Drive Reform By www.adb.org Published On :: 2024-10-02 Public financial management systems in Asia and the Pacific face significant challenges, with many indicators falling short of international standards. Fixing these issues requires a strategic, transparent, and carefully timed approach to reform. Full Article
stem IMF seeks update on revenue system’s digital overhaul By www.dawn.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 07:27:12 +0500 • Holds introductory meeting with finance minister • Govt pledges to end gas supply to captive power plants by Jan • Lender’s team to hold joint session with power and petroleum divisions today ISLAMABAD: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has sought a detailed, output-based update on Pakistan’s digitalisation plans for its revenue system, including the use of artificial intelligence to expand the tax base and increase collections. On the energy side, the country has pledged to halt gas supply to captive power plants (CPPs) by January 2025, redirecting them to the national grid despite a strong pushback from influential rent-seeking industrialists. The IMF has firmly rejected any amendments to this programme benchmark. The visiting IMF team, led by Pakistan’s mission chief Nathan Porter, held an introductory meeting on Tuesday with Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb. Minister of State for Revenue Ali Pervez Malik, State Bank Governor Jameel Ahmad and Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) Chairman Rashid Mehmood Langrial were also present. The mission is also holding separate technical sessions with all the stakeholders, including the FBR, power and petroleum divisions and the energy sector regulatory authorities. In all these engagements, the mission appeared to have not expressed its mind so far, except from raising exploratory questions, participants told Dawn. It is not yet clear if the dialogue would lead to policy-level discussions that had been a critical part of IMF programmes’ quarterly reviews. The current $7 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF), however, has been designed in a manner that the IMF and Pakistan authorities should hold biannual review meetings for the disbursement of about $1bn instalments during each cycle. The first formal review has to take place based on the end-December performance for Pakistan to qualify for disbursement for a second instalment of over $1bn by March 15, 2025. Officials said the IMF mission has called for detailed explanations on the digitalisation of FBR’s processes for revenue collection, application of artificial intelligence for identifying and tracing tax evaders and their taxable incomes and businesses and involvement of specialised expert firms. They have also sought a complete update on the track-and-trace system. In initial meetings, the FBR attributed recent revenue shortfalls — particularly in the first month of the second quarter — to the declining inflation. The power sector’s performance appears to be within agreed limits concerning circular debt and current revenues. Circular debt rose by about Rs70bn, below earlier estimates of Rs240-250bn. A circular debt management plan was approved only last week by the Economic Coordination Committee (ECC), led by the finance minister. Sources said the government had been going back and forth over the disconnection of gas supply to inefficient captive power plants, belonging mostly to the textile sector, to utilise surplus capacity in the national power grid. The industrialists have, however, now mustered support from gas companies. Some stakeholders are now pushing for the supply of imported LNG to CPPs at a weighted average cost of local and imported molecules on the premise that electricity connections were not available or were insufficient in certain areas. The IMF mission is scheduled to have a joint session with the power and petroleum divisions on Wednesday (today) to discuss their interrelated issues, including circular debt, planned tariff adjustments, loss reduction programmes and recoveries. Published in Dawn, November 13th, 2024 Full Article Business
stem Iran, Russia link bank card systems to counter sanctions By www.dawn.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 10:12:04 +0500 TEHRAN: Iranian bank cards can now be used in Russia, state television reported, as the two countries linked their banking systems in the latest bid to counteract sanctions. Iranian banks have been excluded since 2018 from the SWIFT international financial messaging service, which governs the vast majority of transactions worldwide. The move is part of a raft of sanctions that were re-imposed on Iran after the United States withdrew from a landmark 2015 nuclear deal. Iranian bank cards can now be used in Russia, state television channel IRINN said on Monday, showing the withdrawal of money using an Iranian bank card from an ATM in Russia. Iranians can now use their cards in Russia to pay for in-store purchases The operation was made possible by connecting Iran’s interbank network Shetab to its Russian equivalent Mir, the channel said. Iranians can currently withdraw money in Russia, and will in the future be able to use their cards to pay for in-store purchases, it added. “The plan is also going to be implemented in other countries that have a wide range of financial and social interactions with Iran, for example Iraq, Afghanistan and Turkiye,” it said. Both Iran and Russia have sought to counteract the effects of sanctions on their economies. Since the start of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Moscow has faced mounting sanctions, and its ties with Tehran have grown closer in parallel. Ukraine and its Western allies have since the start of the conflict accused Iran of supplying Russia with both drones and missiles for use in the war. Tehran and Moscow signed an agreement in June to strengthen their cooperation in the banking sector. In the future, Russians will also be able to use their bank cards in Iran, IRINN said, without specifying when. Russia has been pushing for the creation of an international payment platform as an alternative to the SWIFT service, from which key Russian banks have also been excluded since 2022. Published in Dawn, November 13th, 2024 Full Article World
stem bladesystem c7000 enclosure setup and installation guide By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: bladesystem c7000 enclosure setup and installation guide Full Article
stem bladesystem onboard administrator user guide version By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: bladesystem onboard administrator user guide version Full Article
stem to wire a home audio system By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: to wire a home audio system Full Article
stem to workir conditioning system on 2004 mit By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: to workir conditioning system on 2004 mit Full Article
stem blade system c70enclosure firmware upgrade document By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: blade system c70enclosure firmware upgrade document Full Article
stem bladesystem c7000 enclosure maintenance and service guide By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: bladesystem c7000 enclosure maintenance and service guide Full Article
stem blade system c7000 manual By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: blade system c7000 manual Full Article
stem to wire a car alarm system By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: to wire a car alarm system Full Article
stem bladesystem c7000 enclosure maintenance and service guide 2009 By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: bladesystem c7000 enclosure maintenance and service guide 2009 Full Article
stem 2970/L8262-CAM: GMS Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project[CAM2-ICB-W02- Upgrading of Damnak Chheukrom Irrigation System Main Canal] By www.adb.org Published On :: Full Article
stem Loan No. 49423-BAN: Bangladesh Power System Enhancement and Efficiency Improvement Project [URIDS-G-04] By www.adb.org Published On :: Full Article
stem Strengthening Country Systems for Prevention and Response to Gender-Based Violence By www.adb.org Published On :: 2024-10-30 The proposed project will support the Royal Government of Cambodia in its commitment to reduce Gender-based Violence (GBV) line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 on gender equality, specifically to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, through proven and novel approaches across the continuum of prevention, mitigation, and response. Full Article
stem Climate-smart Health Services System Enhancement Project By www.adb.org Published On :: 2025 The project will be aligned with the following impacts: (i) modern public health service system ensuring well-being of all Thais in an effective, fair, sufficient, and sustainable manner developed; and (ii) UHC, including access to essential health care services, sustained. The outcome is: access to quality public hospital services by all in selected provinces improved. Full Article
stem Northern China Agriculture and Food Ecosystem Low-Carbon and Climate Resilient Development Project By www.adb.org Published On :: 2025 The proposed Northern China Agriculture and Food Ecosystem Net Zero Transformation Project (project) will support the PRC to achieve its climate commitment through catalyzing financing and strengthening institutional capacity for net zero transformation in agriculture and food ecosystem. Full Article
stem Listening to worms wriggle can help us monitor ecosystem health By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Fri, 16 Aug 2024 06:00:05 +0100 The noises made by organisms like ants and worms as they move around in the soil can be used to assess whether an ecosystem is in good shape Full Article
stem Some flowers may have evolved long stems to be better ‘seen’ by bats By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Tue, 17 Sep 2024 17:00:33 +0100 Echolocating bats can more easily find and pollinate long-stemmed flowers that stand out from the surrounding foliage, which may be why this floral trait evolved Full Article
stem Is an old NASA probe about to redraw the frontier of the solar system? By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Wed, 19 Jun 2024 17:00:00 +0100 The New Horizons mission to Pluto, now zooming out of the Kuiper belt, has made a discovery that could upend what we know about where the solar system ends Full Article
stem How to tell if your immune system is weak or strong By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Tue, 31 Jan 2023 17:00:00 +0000 New blood tests can reveal whether your immune system is fighting fit by looking at the balance of different immune cells, but there may be a simpler way of gauging your immune health Full Article
stem Certain quantum systems may be able to defy entropy's effects forever By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Mon, 07 Oct 2024 23:00:26 +0100 A mathematical proof shows that some quantum states can resist nature’s tendency to disorder – but only under very specific conditions Full Article
stem Scientists Create Fertile Ground for Growing Stem Cells By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Scientists Create Fertile Ground for Growing Stem CellsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/23/2010 10:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/24/2010 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Obama to Appeal Stem Cell Ruling By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Obama to Appeal Stem Cell RulingCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/25/2010 10:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/25/2010 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Scientists Dismayed by Stem Cell Research Ruling By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Scientists Dismayed by Stem Cell Research RulingCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/24/2010 2:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 8/25/2010 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Scientists Grow 'Model Brain' From Stem Cells By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Scientists Grow 'Model Brain' From Stem CellsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/28/2013 2:35:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 8/29/2013 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem 2 Cases Suggest Stem Cell Transplant Might Ease 'Stiff Person' Syndrome By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: 2 Cases Suggest Stem Cell Transplant Might Ease 'Stiff Person' SyndromeCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/26/2014 4:36:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 8/27/2014 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Mouse Study Suggests Stem Cells May Reverse Stroke Damage By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Mouse Study Suggests Stem Cells May Reverse Stroke DamageCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/22/2016 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/23/2016 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Serious Problems at Florida Stem Cell Clinic By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Serious Problems at Florida Stem Cell ClinicCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/29/2017 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/29/2017 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Newborns' Immune Systems Ramp Up After Birth By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Newborns' Immune Systems Ramp Up After BirthCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/24/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/27/2018 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Monitoring System for Underage Tobacco Sales Falls Short: Study By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Monitoring System for Underage Tobacco Sales Falls Short: StudyCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/29/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/30/2018 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem What Is a Brainstem Migraine? By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Thu, 16 Jun 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: What Is a Brainstem Migraine?Category: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem What Are the Main Parts of the Male Reproductive System? By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Thu, 7 Jul 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: What Are the Main Parts of the Male Reproductive System?Category: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AM Full Article
stem Impaired lung function and associated risk factors in children born prematurely: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background Immature lung development and respiratory morbidity place preterm-born children at high risk of long-term pulmonary sequelae. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify lung function in preterm-born children and identify risk factors for a compromised lung function. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus for relevant studies published on preterm cohorts born since 1990. Studies comparing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in preterm-born children aged ≥5 years to term-born controls or normative data were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Standardised mean differences in FEV1 and secondary spirometry outcomes per study were pooled using meta-analysis. The impact of different demographic and neonatal variables on studies’ FEV1 effect sizes was investigated by meta-regression analyses. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations framework. Results We identified 42 studies with unique cohorts including 4743 preterm children and 9843 controls. Median gestational age in the studies was 28.0 weeks and age at assessment ranged from 6.7 to 16.7 years. Preterm children had lower FEV1 than controls (–0.58 sd, 95% CI –0.69– –0.47 sd, p<0.001) resulting in a relative risk of 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.4) for abnormal outcome, with high certainty of evidence. FEV1 was significantly associated with gestational age, birthweight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and invasive mechanical ventilation in univariate meta-regression analyses (R2=36–96%). Conclusion This systematic review shows robust evidence of impaired lung function in preterm-born children with a high certainty of evidence. Full Article
stem Epidemiology of severe asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background Severe asthma significantly impacts a minority of children with asthma, leading to frequent symptoms, hospitalisations and potential long-term health consequences. However, accurate global data on severe asthma epidemiology is lacking. This study aims to address this gap, providing data on severe asthma epidemiology, regional differences and associated comorbidities. Methods We conducted a rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis following a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023472845). We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for cohort or cross-sectional studies published since 2003, evaluating severe asthma incidence and prevalence in children. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using STROBE guidelines. Results Nine studies investigating European children with asthma (aged 5–18 years) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. The overall severe asthma prevalence in children with asthma was 3% (95% CI 1–6; I2=99.9%; p<0.001), with no significant difference between males and females. Prevalence estimates varied significantly depending on the diagnostic criteria used (Global Initiative for Asthma: 6%; European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: 1%; other: 3%). Because none of the examined studies were prospectively designed, incidence rates could not be determined. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis provide the first robust assessment of severe asthma prevalence among European children. Our findings underscore the need for comprehensive research to address knowledge gaps in severe asthma, including determining incidence rates, standardising definitions, investigating regional differences and evaluating comorbidities and treatment strategies. Full Article
stem Multicomponent services for symptoms in serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-30T01:30:15-07:00 Background People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of symptoms. This review aimed to determine whether multicomponent services reduce symptoms in people with serious illness related to respiratory disease. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating multicomponent services that enrolled patients due to symptoms, rather than underlying disease, and provided at least one nonpharmacological intervention. The primary outcome was chronic breathlessness and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cough, fatigue and adverse events. At least two authors independently screened studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Results Five RCTs, involving 439 patients, were included. In comparison to usual care, multicomponent services improved breathlessness mastery (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) mastery scale, mean difference (MD) 0.43 points, 95% CI 0.20–0.67, three RCTs, 327 participants) and HRQoL (CRQ total score, MD 0.24 points, 95% CI 0.04–0.40, two RCTs, 237 participants). Fatigue did not improve with multicomponent services and no studies evaluated cough. No serious adverse events were reported. The one study evaluating mortality found increased survival in those accessing a multicomponent service. The certainty of evidence was very low, mainly due to detection and reporting bias. Conclusion Multicomponent services improve breathlessness mastery and HRQoL, with minimal risk. These findings support the use of multicomponent symptom-directed services for people living with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
stem The effect of graded exercise therapy on fatigue in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background In adults with serious respiratory illness, fatigue is prevalent and under-recognised, with few treatment options. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of graded exercise therapy (GET) on fatigue in adults with serious respiratory illness. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing GET (involving incremental increases in exercise from an established baseline) in adults with serious respiratory illness. The primary outcome was fatigue and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse events. Two authors independently screened for inclusion, evaluated risk of bias and extracted data. Results 76 RCTs were included with 3309 participants, most with a diagnosis of COPD or asthma. Reductions in fatigue measured by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire fatigue domain score were demonstrated following GET consisting of aerobic with/without resistance training (mean difference (MD) 0.53 points, 95% CI 0.41–0.65, 11 RCTs, 624 participants) and GET using resistance training alone (MD 0.58 points, 95% CI 0.21–0.96, two RCTs, 82 participants) compared with usual care. Although the mean effect exceeded the minimal important difference, the lower end of the confidence intervals did not always exceed this threshold so the clinical significance could not be confirmed. GET consistently improved HRQoL in people with a range of chronic respiratory diseases on multiple HRQoL measures. No serious adverse events related to GET were reported. Conclusion GET may improve fatigue alongside consistent improvements in HRQoL in people with serious respiratory illness. These findings support the use of GET in the care of people with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
stem Breathing techniques to reduce symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-30T01:30:15-07:00 Background In adults with serious respiratory illness, breathlessness is prevalent and associated with reduced health-related quality of life. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of breathing techniques on breathlessness in adults with serious respiratory illness. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials testing breathing techniques (techniques that aim to alter the respiratory pattern, excluding respiratory muscle training) in people with serious respiratory illness. The primary outcome was breathlessness and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life and adverse events. Two authors independently screened for inclusion, evaluated risk of bias and extracted data. Results 73 randomised controlled trials were included with 5479 participants, most with COPD or asthma. Breathing exercises (pursed lip and/or diaphragmatic breathing) reduced breathlessness measured by the modified Medical Research Council scale compared to usual care (mean difference (MD) –0.40 points, 95% CI –0.70– –0.11, eight studies, n=323), although the effect did not exceed the minimal important difference. Yoga breathing also improved modified Medical Research Council score compared to usual care (MD –1.05 points, 95% CI –2.45–0.35, three studies, n=175). Breathing techniques consistently improved health-related quality of life in people with COPD and asthma on multiple health-related quality of life measures in comparison to usual care, with effects that generally exceeded the minimal important difference. No adverse events related to breathing techniques were reported. Conclusion Breathing techniques may improve breathlessness, and consistently improve health-related quality of life, in people with serious respiratory illness. These findings support the use of breathing exercises in the care of people with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
stem Opioids for the palliation of symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of distressing symptoms. Although opioids are prescribed for symptom management, they generate adverse events, and their benefits are unclear. Methods We examined the efficacy and safety of opioids for symptom management in people with serious respiratory illness. Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to 11 July 2022. Reports of randomised controlled trials administering opioids to treat symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness were included. Key exclusion criteria included <80% of participants having a nonmalignant lung disease. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics, outcomes of breathlessness, cough, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse events. Treatment effects were pooled using a generic inverse variance model with random effects. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 1. Results Out of 17 included trials, six were laboratory-based exercise trials (n=70), 10 were home studies measuring breathlessness in daily life (n=788) and one (n=18) was conducted in both settings. Overall certainty of evidence was "very low" to "low". Opioids reduced breathlessness intensity during laboratory exercise testing (standardised mean difference (SMD) –0.37, 95% CI –0.67– –0.07), but not breathlessness measured in daily life (SMD –0.10, 95% CI –0.64–0.44). No effects on HRQoL (SMD –0.42, 95% CI –0.98–0.13) or cough (SMD –1.42, 95% CI –3.99–1.16) were detected. In at-home studies, opioids led to increased frequency of nausea/vomiting (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.70–6.51), constipation (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.69–5.61) and drowsiness (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.86), with serious adverse events including hospitalisation and death identified. Conclusions Opioids improved exertional breathlessness in laboratory exercise studies, but did not improve breathlessness, cough or HRQoL measured in daily life at home. There were significant adverse events, which may outweigh any benefits. Full Article